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CEV 2ESO - 17 Fair and unfair forms of government - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 21 de julio de 2023 por César Pedro P.

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Fair and unfair forms of government

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Aristotle was very interested in politics. 00:00:00
That's why he studied how different societies are governed. 00:00:04
In those days, in the fourth century BC, 00:00:10
Greece was divided in different states, 00:00:13
in different small cities that were independent. 00:00:16
And Aristotle studied how these cities were ruled. 00:00:19
He discovered that different cities 00:00:23
had different ways of government. 00:00:25
In some of them, there was one person having the power. 00:00:27
In others, it was a small group of people who had the power. 00:00:31
And in others, such as Athens, there was a democracy, 00:00:35
meaning that all the people had the power. 00:00:39
When are these forms of government acceptable and fair? 00:00:42
Aristotle thought that they could all be fair 00:00:48
if they tried to obtain the common good of everybody. 00:00:51
If a certain way of government tries to be just 00:00:55
because it is interested in the common good, 00:00:58
in the welfare of all the population, 00:01:01
then it is acceptable and legitimate. 00:01:04
But for Aristotle, if the way of government is unjust 00:01:06
because it is trying to obtain a particular benefit 00:01:11
for a group, then it is not acceptable. 00:01:15
So Aristotle classified all the different types 00:01:19
of government he knew in two big groups, 00:01:22
fair and acceptable, which are those that try 00:01:26
to obtain the common good, and fair and unacceptable 00:01:30
if they try to persuade a particular interest 00:01:35
and not the common good for everybody. 00:01:38
Now, different societies can have different ways 00:01:41
of government and they can be okay 00:01:44
because everything depends on the circumstances 00:01:46
and peculiarities of that society. 00:01:49
Everything is okay as long as they try 00:01:52
to achieve the common good. 00:01:54
For example, if in a city, one person has the power, 00:01:56
this is what Aristotle called a monarchy, 00:02:01
and it is an acceptable way of government 00:02:03
if this king tries to obtain the common good for everybody 00:02:05
and is interested in the welfare of all society. 00:02:09
If a small group of people have the power, 00:02:13
Aristotle called this an aristocracy, 00:02:16
and it can be fair if they are interested 00:02:19
in the common good. 00:02:21
And democracy is a fair and just way of government 00:02:23
where all the people have the power 00:02:26
and they try to achieve the common benefit for everybody. 00:02:28
But these systems can get corrupted, can be unjust, 00:02:32
if they are not trying to pursue 00:02:37
the final common good of everybody. 00:02:39
For example, if a king has the power, 00:02:42
but he's interested in his particular interest 00:02:45
and not the common interest, 00:02:48
then we no longer have a monarchy. 00:02:50
We have a tyranny because the king has become a tyrant. 00:02:53
That is what we call today a dictator. 00:02:57
But in those days, Aristotle called that a tyranny. 00:03:00
When a small group of people have the power 00:03:04
and they are interested in their particular benefit, 00:03:07
that is what Aristotle called an oligarchy, 00:03:10
which is an unfair way of government. 00:03:13
And what about a democracy? 00:03:16
Can a democracy become a corrupt 00:03:17
and unjust system of government? 00:03:20
Yes, of course it can. 00:03:23
Think about a place where the people have the power, 00:03:25
but they are not interested in the benefit of everybody. 00:03:28
They are only interested 00:03:31
in their particular selfish interest. 00:03:32
This is what we call a demagogy, 00:03:36
which is the corruption of a democracy. 00:03:38
An example, think about a country 00:03:41
where the majority of the people vote 00:03:44
and their decision is taken by majority, 00:03:48
but what they decide is not benefiting everybody. 00:03:51
For example, what would happen if we vote 00:03:56
and we decide by majority that minorities in our society 00:03:59
should be discriminated and treated unfairly? 00:04:03
This decision is taken democratically by a vote, 00:04:07
but it is not fair 00:04:11
because it is not thinking about the benefit 00:04:12
and welfare of everybody. 00:04:15
This is what Aristotle considered a corruption of democracy 00:04:18
and that is what we today call a demagogy. 00:04:22
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
César Prestel
Subido por:
César Pedro P.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Compartir igual
Visualizaciones:
7
Fecha:
21 de julio de 2023 - 12:30
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES CERVANTES
Duración:
04′ 26″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
32.75 MBytes

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