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The Universe

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Subido el 28 de mayo de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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NASA Sci Files segment exploring the Universe and the planets.

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Hi, Dr. D. Hi, kids. I got your email. You must be working on something exciting. 00:00:00
We are planning a trip to the stars. Really? 00:00:07
Well, it's just a school project to design a vacation in space, 00:00:10
but we want to make it as scientifically correct as possible. 00:00:13
We need to know the distances between our destinations and Earth. 00:00:16
Where are you planning to go on your imaginary journey? 00:00:19
The first place is the moon. 00:00:22
Let's see. The moon is about 400,000 kilometers away. 00:00:24
So if there was a road to the moon and you wanted your parents to drive you there... 00:00:28
How long would it take? 00:00:32
A couple of days, maybe a week or two. 00:00:34
If you drive at the speed limit, which on the interstates is about 100 kilometers per hour, 00:00:36
it would take 4,000 hours or more than 165 days. 00:00:40
That's almost six months. 00:00:44
And that's without taking any breaks or sleeping, 00:00:46
not to mention the lack of gas stations along the way. 00:00:48
So how did the astronauts do it? 00:00:51
Well, it only took them about three days, 00:00:53
because they were traveling at thousands of kilometers per hour. 00:00:55
What else might you want to visit? 00:00:58
We were thinking about Mars. 00:01:00
By car, it would take you 64 years when Mars is at its closest. 00:01:02
That's a long time. I think I'd get bored. 00:01:07
Mars is actually a very good choice. 00:01:10
Why is that? 00:01:12
Well, you wouldn't want to go to the other inner planets. 00:01:14
Mercury, the planet closest to the sun, 00:01:16
has a rocky cratered surface that is almost 430 degrees Celsius in the daytime. 00:01:19
Ouch, that's really hot. 00:01:24
Doesn't water boil at 100 degrees Celsius? 00:01:26
Yes, and a very hot pizza oven is about 430 degrees. 00:01:28
Because Mercury doesn't have an atmosphere to retain heat, 00:01:32
at night it can cool to about minus 173 degrees Celsius. 00:01:35
Wow, I'm glad we're not going there. 00:01:40
The next planet out from the sun is Venus. 00:01:42
Its surface is covered with lava flows. 00:01:45
Isn't it also completely covered with clouds? 00:01:48
Yes, its mostly carbon dioxide atmosphere is very dense. 00:01:51
On the surface, it's hot enough to melt lead. 00:01:54
Isn't Jupiter the next planet after Mars? 00:01:57
It is. 00:01:59
Jupiter is over 11 times the diameter of the Earth. 00:02:01
It's mostly made of hydrogen and helium. 00:02:05
It doesn't even have a solid surface. 00:02:08
Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are also larger than the Earth. 00:02:10
And they are similar to Jupiter in that there is no way to walk on their surface. 00:02:14
But Dr. D., you haven't mentioned Pluto. 00:02:18
That's my favorite planet. 00:02:20
Pluto is very different than the other planets in the outer solar system. 00:02:22
It's small, even smaller than our moon. 00:02:25
Some astronomers think we shouldn't call it a planet. 00:02:27
I wouldn't like that. 00:02:30
Pluto is 15,000 times further away from the Earth than our moon. 00:02:32
And it's very, very cold. 00:02:35
But compared to the nearest star, Pluto is close. 00:02:37
What's the nearest star to Earth? 00:02:41
It's the sun. 00:02:43
Okay, Dr. D., what's the next nearest star? 00:02:45
It's called Proxima Centauri. 00:02:47
And it's 4.2 light years away. 00:02:49
What's a light year? 00:02:51
Let me explain. 00:02:53
Catherine, how far do you live from your grandparents? 00:02:54
About two hours. 00:02:56
You just described the distance with the time, the time it takes to get there. 00:02:58
Light travels at 300,000 kilometers per second. 00:03:01
So it goes about 10 trillion kilometers in a year. 00:03:05
That's what we call a light year. 00:03:08
So if Proxima Centauri is 4.2 light years away, 00:03:10
then it would take us 4.2 years to get there if we were traveling at the speed of light. 00:03:13
Yes, but we haven't even come close to traveling at light speed, 00:03:18
which is the ultimate speed limit. 00:03:21
If you drove your car to Proxima Centauri, it would take over 45 million years. 00:03:23
Even our fastest space probe would take over 60,000 years to get there. 00:03:29
Wow, I had no idea space was so big. 00:03:34
Thanks, Dr. D. 00:03:37
You're welcome. 00:03:38
I have work in my office that I have to do. 00:03:39
You can start your research here. 00:03:41
I'll see you later. 00:03:42
Bye, Dr. D. 00:03:43
Bye. 00:03:44
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Idioma/s:
en
Niveles educativos:
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Autor/es:
NASA LaRC Office of Education
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
524
Fecha:
28 de mayo de 2007 - 15:34
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
NASAs center for distance learning
Duración:
03′ 45″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
22.67 MBytes

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