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COVID 19 at a glance - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 13 de noviembre de 2020 por Francisco J. M.

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COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world, causing a pandemic that threatens global public 00:00:02
health. To this day, it remains uncontrolled. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel 00:00:07
beta coronavirus. Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 has four structural proteins, 00:00:15
with the spike protein being absolutely essential for viral entry. Upon entering the body, 00:00:21
SARS-CoV-2 gains access to host cells through the binding of its spike protein to the host 00:00:26
receptor ACE2. Cleavage and activation of the spike protein by host proteases enables membrane 00:00:31
fusion and the viral RNA is released into the cell. The host cell and its machinery are hijacked 00:00:37
to facilitate viral replication and translation of essential proteins. Ultimately new virions are 00:00:44
assembled and released. SARS-CoV-2 infection does not go unnoticed within the host with innate 00:00:50
immune sensors able to recognize viral elements such as RNA and proteins, leading to the activation 00:00:57
of an interferon-dependent antiviral response. A characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the 00:01:03
large latitude of associated symptoms, from asymptomatic through to death. One reason may 00:01:09
be the varying immune responses between patients, with mild cases assumed to have an effective 00:01:15
response. However, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved ways to interfere with this interferon-dependent response, 00:01:20
causing an unbalanced and excessive pro-inflammatory response. In the more severe 00:01:27
cases of COVID-19, this may lead to a cytokine storm and hyper-inflammation with the overexpression 00:01:33
of pro-inflammatory cytokines. One promising strategy to treat severe COVID-19 is the blocking 00:01:39
of these inflammatory signaling pathways, using therapeutics routinely used in the clinic, 00:01:45
such as dexamethasone. 00:01:50
But how do we target treatment towards SARS-CoV-2? 00:01:53
The initial strategy to fast-track a treatment was the repurposing of approved drugs, 00:01:57
with the potential to act on the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 00:02:02
Such drugs included the antiviral remdesivir, which targets viral replication. 00:02:06
But after months of trials, repurposed drugs have had a limited success 00:02:12
and have been proven to not be enough. 00:02:15
Therefore, there remains a vital need for the development of novel therapeutics, 00:02:17
specifically targeting SARS-CoV-2. 00:02:23
Scientists are exploring a number of ways to disrupt the viral entry and replication cycle, 00:02:26
using computational screening of small molecule libraries, 00:02:31
as well as isolation and production of neutralizing antibodies from recovered patients. 00:02:34
Furthermore, these antibodies can be used in combination, 00:02:39
with cocktails consisting of two or more different spike-targeting antibodies 00:02:42
emerging as very promising therapeutics. 00:02:46
Looking to the future, we need a preventative strategy, 00:02:50
and thus there is an urgent need for a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, 00:02:54
with it playing a significant role in curbing viral spread. 00:02:58
Currently, scientists are exploring all the potential strategies 00:03:01
to develop an efficient vaccine, 00:03:05
aiming to induce neutralising antibodies against essential viral proteins, 00:03:07
such as the spike. 00:03:11
The more advanced vaccine candidates moving into clinical trials 00:03:13
include non-replicating viral vector-based vaccines 00:03:16
as well as novel mRNA-based vaccines. 00:03:20
We are only at the beginning. 00:03:24
There is a tremendous need to increase our knowledge 00:03:26
of the SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle 00:03:28
and the cellular recognition pathways involved, 00:03:30
as well as the varying immune responses in COVID-19. 00:03:34
Invivagen is assisting in the continuing global research effort 00:03:38
on SARS-CoV-2, 00:03:41
with the answers to these fundamental questions 00:03:43
ultimately needed for the development of safe and effective therapeutics and vaccines. 00:03:45
Autor/es:
InvivoGen
Subido por:
Francisco J. M.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Compartir igual
Visualizaciones:
74
Fecha:
13 de noviembre de 2020 - 20:16
Visibilidad:
URL
Enlace Relacionado:
https://www.invivogen.com/invivogens-covid-19-animation-sars-cov-2-infection-and-treatment?utm_source=researchgate&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=covid-animation
Centro:
IES ALPAJÉS
Duración:
03′ 54″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1920x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
87.77 MBytes

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