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Arduino: analog input (native speaker) - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 11 de febrero de 2022 por David G.

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hello until now we have studied digital 00:00:00
inputs and digital means that there are 00:00:04
only two possibilities high and low for 00:00:06
instance when we press a button the 00:00:10
arduino board read high with five bolts 00:00:12
and when we were not pressing the 00:00:15
button the board was zero or low 00:00:17
they mean the same so in the 00:00:20
same way then we have an LED 00:00:22
like this one that's connected 00:00:25
to thirteen 00:00:27
for example if there was a current 00:00:30
here then the output was high and 00:00:32
the LED was shining but if there 00:00:34
was no output the LED didn't shine 00:00:36
or it was low 00:00:39
okay hi the LED shines low the 00:00:42
LED doesn't 00:00:45
two options but today we're going to 00:00:48
study something a little bit more complicated 00:00:50
we're going to study analog inputs 00:00:53
analog means that instead of having zero 00:00:57
or five volts low or high we 00:01:00
have any voltage from zero to five 00:01:03
so it means we can have one 00:01:06
two three one and a half two 00:01:08
and a half two point two five 00:01:10
three point four anything any range 00:01:13
so every value from zero to five 00:01:17
in that range can be read 00:01:19
so how do we do that we 00:01:22
are going to use a voltage divider 00:01:25
like this one 00:01:27
okay we have a voltage divider here 00:01:30
on the board and this big picture 00:01:32
on the screen 00:01:33
now it has three terminals the one 00:01:37
on the left will be connected to 00:01:39
five volts through the red wire 00:01:41
and the one on the right will 00:01:45
be connected to the ground through the 00:01:47
black wire 00:01:49
and then the one in the middle 00:01:52
is going to be the terminal variable 00:01:54
and it's going to be connected here 00:01:56
to this terminal at the bottom called 00:01:58
a zero 00:02:00
two can you see that here on 00:02:08
the bottom right corner of the arduino 00:02:10
board there are six analog inputs that 00:02:12
say analog in it means that we're 00:02:14
going to use these six connectors to 00:02:17
read analog inputs so by using these 00:02:19
connectors we can read a voltage any 00:02:22
voltage from zero to five 00:02:24
and we want to use a voltage 00:02:27
divider to read them this way and 00:02:29
we use the connector or the terminal 00:02:31
in the middle here that is connected 00:02:33
to a zero the green wire so 00:02:36
how does it work so the terminals 00:02:41
on the left and the right don't 00:02:43
move there they are a fixed range 00:02:45
the one on the left for instance 00:02:48
will have five the one on the 00:02:50
right will have zero 00:02:51
the one that moves is the one 00:02:54
in the middle so in real life 00:02:55
and during the simulation you will be 00:02:57
able to click and drag to move 00:02:59
the dial i'll start a simulation to 00:03:02
show you 00:03:04
and in the program that if I 00:03:06
click and drag it moves 00:03:09
you can see that here 00:03:12
okay now for the explanation so the 00:03:18
one in the middle will move and 00:03:21
the closer it is to the right 00:03:23
side the one that is connected to 00:03:25
the black wire the ground the closer 00:03:27
this variable will be to zero 00:03:30
and the closer the terminal is to 00:03:33
the terminal on the left the closer 00:03:36
the voltage will be to five volts 00:03:38
so by clicking the middle and moving 00:03:42
it will be sending different voltages from 00:03:45
a zero 00:03:47
from zero to five volts somewhere in 00:03:51
that range 00:03:54
okay so now today's exercise we're going 00:03:59
to take a look at the blocks 00:04:02
just forget about this last block though 00:04:03
you do not need it for now 00:04:06
we'll address it later 00:04:07
we are going to read this as 00:04:10
zero connector using the purple block for 00:04:11
reading analog input a zero you can 00:04:14
read from a zero to a five 00:04:18
but now we're going to read a 00:04:21
zero and we're going to store it 00:04:22
here in the input variable 00:04:25
now we've already defined the variable and 00:04:30
here these four blocks 00:04:33
without the last one forget about that 00:04:37
well by now you can probably identify 00:04:41
that these four together are a blink 00:04:44
you see how we have 00:04:48
thirteen high 00:04:50
and we wait thirteen low and we 00:04:52
wait so it's a blinking program 00:04:55
but instead of having a fixed period 00:04:58
of time we are using the variable 00:05:01
that we have read as the blinking 00:05:04
period of time because the input doesn't 00:05:06
read numbers from zero to five volts 00:05:09
so obviously we're reading values from zero 00:05:12
to five volts but they will be 00:05:15
translated from zero 00:05:17
oh to one thousand twenty three okay 00:05:18
we can see this in the simulation 00:05:22
so I'm going to add this last 00:05:33
block just to show these values that 00:05:34
appear here on the bottom 00:05:36
I want to start the simulation now 00:05:39
watch the pointer turn on the dial 00:05:40
now you can see where reading three 00:05:44
hundred and forty eight 00:05:46
if I move it all the way 00:05:49
to the right terminal we're only reading 00:05:50
zero 00:05:52
the ground if I move it a 00:05:54
little bit higher were reading eighty two 00:05:56
if I move higher 00:06:00
we're reading to twenty five 00:06:03
and if I move a little bit 00:06:06
closer to the red one 00:06:07
it'll get higher let's wait 00:06:10
it's six hundred fourteen 00:06:13
and if I move even closer to 00:06:16
read 00:06:18
nine twenty one so it means that 00:06:21
we're reading these values instead of the 00:06:23
values simply being from zero to five 00:06:26
they're reading from zero to one thousand 00:06:28
twenty three there is a proportional relationship 00:06:31
the highest is one thousand twenty three 00:06:35
so this is because the arduino board 00:06:39
uses integral numbers again let's forget about 00:06:41
the last block 00:06:45
because we are going to read a 00:06:47
zero and store it in this variable 00:06:50
and we are using the variable multiplied 00:06:54
by two as a blinking period of 00:06:56
time for the LED the LED is 00:06:58
connected the same way as always terminal 00:07:01
thirteen with ground connection and the protection 00:07:03
resistor at 00:07:06
two hundred and twenty ohms 00:07:08
so again let's forget about the last 00:07:16
block we're not going to use it 00:07:18
anymore and I'm going to get rid 00:07:19
of it 00:07:20
the idea is that we're controlling the 00:07:24
period of time the lcd will shine 00:07:27
by using the analog input so let's 00:07:29
let's actually start the simulation again 00:07:33
and you will see that the closer 00:07:36
the connectors to zero the shorter of 00:07:38
the shorter the period of time that 00:07:41
the LED will be shining and so 00:07:43
the faster it will blink 00:07:46
but if the number is higher 00:07:49
then the period of time between blinks 00:07:53
will be higher and the blinking will 00:07:55
appear slower 00:07:57
so this is just your first exercise 00:08:00
okay you're going to reproduce this circuit 00:08:03
and programme it now if you program 00:08:05
it this way you'll have half of 00:08:08
the assignment done 00:08:09
so this is the first part 00:08:12
okay let me stop the simulation and 00:08:18
now to complete it and receive the 00:08:20
second half of the assignment you will 00:08:22
have to use a second analog dial 00:08:24
you will connect it the same way 00:08:30
it has been connected through a red 00:08:32
wire to five volts 00:08:34
maybe you will connect it in a 00:08:37
different way and but with five volts 00:08:38
here another red wire 00:08:41
and the ground connection 00:08:45
as well with the black wires 00:08:49
this will be ground 00:08:58
so that's the red and I mean 00:09:01
need ground 00:09:03
so there's a second connection to a 00:09:05
one analog one and you will repeat 00:09:07
this connection with a cell second LED 00:09:09
connected using a second protection resistor as 00:09:11
well 00:09:15
and this one will be connected to 00:09:17
twelve 00:09:21
just right next to the first one 00:09:23
okay 00:09:25
another protection resistor 00:09:28
two hundred twenty 00:09:31
so I'll repeat the same connection with 00:09:34
a second LED another resistor and the 00:09:36
wires so you will have two LED 00:09:40
and two voltage dividers and program 00:09:42
it a different way so instead of 00:09:44
controlling the blinking time you will use 00:09:46
the control block since you now have 00:09:49
two variables in 00:09:51
put one and input two for instance 00:09:53
and name them 00:09:55
input one 00:09:58
and you will read them the same 00:10:01
way that we read the first one 00:10:03
and again the same with the second 00:10:05
one 00:10:06
let's make this again for input two 00:10:15
and that'll be called input two and 00:10:21
you're going to read that for a 00:10:23
a one instead of a zero 00:10:25
and then here you will compare with 00:10:29
the if block you already know how 00:10:31
to compare higher and lower so if 00:10:33
input one is higher than input two 00:10:36
then one of the l these will 00:10:40
blink 00:10:41
if the other one is higher than 00:10:43
the first one 00:10:45
it means the opposite condition so maybe 00:10:47
the other ltd will blank or something 00:10:50
like that 00:10:52
okay this is just one example I'm 00:10:59
not going to complete this program on 00:11:02
the video because you will complete it 00:11:05
by yourselves 00:11:07
so for example if the first condition 00:11:11
is true then input zero is lower 00:11:13
than input one and maybe thirteen will 00:11:15
shine if a one is higher than 00:11:17
a zero maybe twelve will shine you 00:11:21
will compare the two variables input one 00:11:23
input two 00:11:27
input one input two 00:11:29
and then you will decide which LED 00:11:32
is going to shine in the 00:11:34
program may be number thirteen here maybe 00:11:35
number twelve here 00:11:39
okay so you complete the code 00:11:42
currently it is not complete if you 00:11:44
try to simulate this as it is 00:11:46
it won't work because it's not fully 00:11:48
programmed so you will complete it 00:11:51
and this is the second part of 00:11:54
the exercise okay rewatch this if you 00:11:55
need to and good luck 00:11:58
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
David Gonzalez Arroyo, Alyssa Fantel
Subido por:
David G.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Compartir igual
Visualizaciones:
137
Fecha:
11 de febrero de 2022 - 14:55
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES MARIE CURIE Loeches
Duración:
12′ 04″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1920x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
35.82 MBytes

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