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Subido el 28 de mayo de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment about the DeBakey Heart Pump designed by NASA engineers that extends the life of heart failure patients.

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Every year, approximately 20 million people worldwide suffer from heart failure, nearly 00:00:00
5 million of them in the U.S. alone. 00:00:10
In many cases, a heart transplant is the best chance for survival, but unfortunately, only 00:00:13
about 2,500 donor hearts are available each year, leaving many patients with little hope 00:00:18
of survival. 00:00:24
Until now. 00:00:26
A unique device called the DeBakey Ventricular Assist Device, or VAD, is now able to prolong 00:00:27
life until a suitable transplant heart is available. 00:00:34
Based on the vision of Dr. Michael DeBakey and designed by NASA engineers, this device 00:00:38
uses advanced flow technologies first used in the space shuttle to increase blood circulation 00:00:44
for heart failure patients awaiting a transplant. 00:00:49
I spoke with Jim Ackerman at NASA's Johnson Space Center to find out more. 00:00:53
The assist device is a lot like a fan. 00:00:58
You can imagine a fan and a little pipe, and it just sort of blows the blood along. 00:01:00
Blood is a very fragile fluid, very unusual type thing to be pumping along, and there's 00:01:06
been a lot of work for many years with plunger type pumps that are able to handle the fluid 00:01:13
very tenderly, but they've all been big and not very practical. 00:01:18
The key to this, blood has to flow fast through it, and of course that generates problems 00:01:23
with turbulence and low pressure zones and blood damage, and it's just turned out to 00:01:29
be a real challenge. 00:01:36
Jim, how does the device work? 00:01:37
The assist device essentially hooks to the left ventricle, and a small hose comes up 00:01:39
and connects onto this end of the pump. 00:01:45
The blood flows in here. 00:01:47
These little blades sort of screw into the blood flow. 00:01:49
It runs 10,000 revolutions a minute. 00:01:53
The blood is rotating with the rotor, and then when it flows into the diffuser blades 00:01:56
in the aft end of the pump, the blood's rotating motion is decelerated, discharged, and flows 00:02:01
over into the descending aorta. 00:02:08
So how did NASA become involved in a medical project? 00:02:11
Well essentially, they got involved with DeBakey through one of his patients. 00:02:14
Dr. DeBakey, of course, is a heart surgeon. 00:02:19
In fact, he invented the first pump that was used to support the life of the person while 00:02:22
they worked on the heart. 00:02:27
DeBakey had been working on a blood pump for like 30 years, trying to get something that 00:02:29
was practical and realistic, and I think he had essentially pretty much thrown in the 00:02:34
towel almost, because it was such a challenge technically. 00:02:39
And yes, if maybe somebody down at NASA would be interested in looking into it, we went 00:02:44
over the requirements and it became obvious that a special kind of technology was going 00:02:49
to be required. 00:02:56
Because blood is the operating fluid for the VAD, the device must be designed to gently 00:02:58
propel blood through the apparatus to minimize damage to the red blood cells. 00:03:04
In order to accomplish this, NASA engineers designed the pumping device to avoid regions 00:03:09
of high stress and separated flow inside the pump. 00:03:13
They also designed the pump to properly wash out all of the blood from low flow regions 00:03:17
inside the device, helping to prevent the formation of blood clots. 00:03:23
These modifications were accomplished by using the same type of complex computational flow 00:03:27
models developed to increase fuel efficiency inside the space shuttle engines. 00:03:33
By using a computerized model of blood flow for the device, researchers were able to refine 00:03:38
the VAD's problem areas, gain valuable insight into the blood flow process inside the device, 00:03:44
and most importantly, help save lives. 00:03:51
Jim, how long is this device designed to work? 00:03:53
It's designed to run for at least 100 days, but we've already run it 110 days and no signs 00:03:57
of any problem at all. As long as the bearings are still intact, it's still going to function. 00:04:06
We can envision the thing almost indefinitely. 00:04:12
The really exciting part of it all is that with the extra circulation this little unit 00:04:15
provides, there's a large percentage of the patients that are recovering to the extent 00:04:21
that they don't have to have a transplant. Actually, the heart itself recovers with good 00:04:27
enough circulation. That's a real advantage to know that a lot of people that need the 00:04:32
support will eventually not need a transplant. It's really a challenge, a fun kind of challenge 00:04:37
that engineers really enjoy, and with the technology NASA has, we were able to solve the problem. 00:04:43
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Idioma/s:
en
Niveles educativos:
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Autor/es:
NASA LaRC Office of Education
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
393
Fecha:
28 de mayo de 2007 - 17:04
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
NASAs center for distance learning
Duración:
04′ 50″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
28.22 MBytes

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