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Population 2

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Subido el 3 de mayo de 2020 por Laura A.

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Hello, everybody. This is a video in which we're going to continue with a social science unit called Population, right? 00:00:00
As we do in class, we will start with the summarize of what we learned the previous week. 00:00:07
So the previous week we learned about different concepts that are really important and you have to take into account and you have to learn because you will be asked about them in the exam, right? 00:00:14
Demography. 00:00:29
The first term that we learned last week is that related to demography, which is the study 00:00:30
of human populations, right? 00:00:36
Something really, really important. 00:00:38
Let me underline it for you, right? 00:00:40
Demography is the study of human population, right? 00:00:44
Because population never stay at the same. 00:00:47
They are all the time changing because they are affected by birth rates, death rates, 00:00:50
immigration and emigration. 00:00:56
That's the reason why we have some formulas and concepts that we have to learn about it. 00:00:57
What is one of those concepts? Absolute population. 00:01:02
What is the absolute population of an area? It's the total number of inhabitants in a place or country, right? 00:01:07
So since it's really important too, we are going to underline it. 00:01:16
Total number of inhabitants in a place or country is the absolute population of an area. 00:01:21
How do we calculate the absolute population of an area? 00:01:28
So, we have to take into account the rate of natural increase. 00:01:33
What is natural increase? 00:01:40
Oh, I should change the color, sorry. 00:01:41
Natural increase. 00:01:43
So, natural increase is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate, right? 00:01:44
So, number of births and number of deaths. 00:01:58
And difference, number of births and the number of deaths, which are birth rate and death rate. 00:02:02
can be positive or negative. What is the meaning of a positive natural increase? 00:02:12
So, there are more births than deaths in an area, right? Population increases. So, if I have more 00:02:21
and more people, the population is increasing. But negative, a negative natural increase means 00:02:29
that there are more deaths than births in the area. 00:02:35
So, for instance, a rural area in which we don't have births 00:02:39
and we have deaths, so the population decreases, right? 00:02:43
And we have another concept, actual increase, real, ¿vale? 00:02:48
Actual no significa actual, significa real, ¿vale? 00:02:52
Actual increase, right? 00:02:56
It takes into account a natural increase, 00:02:59
but we also have to count the immigrants and emigrants 00:03:03
because they form, they are part of our population too 00:03:08
and they help us to have a positive, 00:03:11
the population increasing or they change 00:03:15
or in small areas, if we have emigrants, 00:03:20
we have negative rates of population decreasing, right? 00:03:24
So we have to take them into account 00:03:30
And when we do that, we have to talk about the term of actual increase. 00:03:32
The total, add the total number of immigrants to the natural increase, the blue one, right? 00:03:39
And then subtract the number of emigrants. 00:03:45
What means, what can happen? 00:03:49
That the actual increase can be positive or negative too, if we take into account the immigration and emigration figures, right? 00:03:51
Another concept that I mentioned was the census, right? A collection of data to 00:04:00
calculate population changes and you had a look on the page of the INE, Instituto 00:04:08
Nacional de Estadística, so there you found a sample of the last census who 00:04:14
took place nine years ago, right? Here you have the formulas and we will continue. 00:04:20
Yes, I want to save and we will see more concepts that we learned the other day. 00:04:28
Sorry. Population density. Population density describes the number of people 00:04:37
in an area, right? So it's also something important that you need to remember if 00:04:45
we talk about it. Describes the number of people in an area, right? How do we 00:04:51
calculate the population density divided in the number of inhabitants by the size of the area 00:04:59
they live in, right? We talk about squares, kilometers, right? And here you have the formula. 00:05:06
Population densities vary from area to area and they can be high or low. Regions with a low 00:05:14
population density are sparsely populated, which is often the case in rural areas, right? 00:05:21
Low population density, rural areas like Castilla, Soria is one of the places with the lowest population density in Spain. 00:05:28
They have some data that are similar to Siberia, right? 00:05:37
So, imagine Soria is an example of low population density, right? 00:05:42
And regions with a high population density are densely populated, of course, which is often the case in large cities. 00:05:48
So, for instance, we have an example in which we live in, and that example is Madrid, is one city with a high population density because we have many other cities that don't have the high population density, right? 00:05:56
So, this is a case of large cities, London, New York, Barcelona, Madrid, right? 00:06:14
Are examples of this, of the high population density. 00:06:20
What are the factors that can affect population density? 00:06:24
So natural causes such as floods, earthquakes and dots, inundaciones, terremotos y sequías. 00:06:29
Social causes such as hunger and poverty, hambre y pobreza. 00:06:41
Political causes such as wars, guerras. 00:06:47
economic causes such as job opportunities and better wages, right? 00:06:50
Mejor oportunidades de trabajo y mejor calidad de vida, ¿vale? 00:06:56
Salarios, en este caso. 00:07:01
Right. 00:07:03
Satellite photo of Europe at night 00:07:05
and you will see the areas with a high population density. 00:07:07
That is the exercise that I asked you to do on the PowerPoint last week 00:07:11
with a picture of Spain in which you were able to observe the center of Spain with Madrid 00:07:15
illuminated and the center of Spain with not many areas illuminated and the coastal line 00:07:23
to illuminate it too, right? So it was the example I gave you or the exercise I gave you to learn 00:07:34
that aspect. So we are going to continue with this part which is the population 00:07:40
of Europe which is a new point. Europe is a very prosperous highly 00:07:46
populated continent and the population of Europe is about 742 million. Europe is 00:07:52
the second smallest continent and it has the third largest population in the 00:07:58
world after Asia and Africa, right? The population structure of Europe. In Europe 00:08:03
the birth rate is low, but the death rate is also low. So we don't have a lot of babies, 00:08:10
and people live for a long time, right? The average life expectancy in Europe is approximately 00:08:18
80 years, and Spain has the highest average life expectancy in Europe and in the world, right? 00:08:29
Well, it's one of the highest. I think it's the second or the third. The average age of Europeans 00:08:43
is 42.6. Europe has an aging population, which means that the number of people over 65 is almost 00:08:49
the same as the number of young people. So we have an inverted pyramid, right? So it is in the future 00:08:58
is going to be something really difficult to handle, right? Because there will be more people 00:09:05
who need pensions and healthcare, and there will be fewer people to pay for them, which means that 00:09:12
we have the active population, which is the population who is in age of working, right? And 00:09:20
we are going to have just a low number of people with the possibility of working right and the 00:09:26
ones who are working and the one who are paying taxes for the pensions and the healthcare and the 00:09:34
insurance uh the last year right and the social services that we have that are public right and we 00:09:43
won't have enough people to pay for it and we will have people, elder people who will need more 00:09:52
help, who will spend more money in health care and they will get pensions and we won't have 00:10:05
money to pay for them, right? So there will be a problem in the future and we don't know how 00:10:13
are going to handle that, right? In the future there will be more people who need pensions and 00:10:19
health care and there will be fewer people to pay for them. It's gonna be a problem, right? Despite 00:10:24
being an aging continent, Europe's population is still growing mainly due to migratory movements. 00:10:30
So, in 2015, 4.7 million people immigrated to the Europe, so they came to the Europe, European Union, sorry. 00:10:40
The largest number of immigrants went to Germany, Luxembourg, sorry, Germany. 00:10:53
Luxembourg had the highest rate of emigration, emigration, right, not immigration. 00:11:00
Romanians, Polish, and Italians were the biggest groups of European Union citizens in other European Union member states. 00:11:06
They moved from one country to another one, but inside the European Union. 00:11:16
Immigration can have positive effects of a country's population. 00:11:23
For example, it can increase the economically active population, which is the segment of a population that is able to work and who is paying the taxes when they work to support the rest of the welfare state. 00:11:28
del estado de bienestar. Immigration can also result in a higher birth rate, which can help 00:11:49
to reduce the problem of an aging population. Normally, immigrants are young people, so active 00:11:56
population, who have more babies than the people who are from the place, right? So, they can help 00:12:05
us to reduce the problem of the aging population and they can help us to keep the active population 00:12:14
so immigration is really positive for the countries and here you have a table in which a 00:12:21
graph in which you will see this is today right europe and this is the percentage of elder of 00:12:28
young people the percentage of um well it's not a active population because they reach the 80 00:12:35
but here we have the elder people, right, and the young people. And if we move 00:12:43
till in till 2080, in 60 years, we will see that the percentage of young people is almost the same 00:12:51
thanks to immigration, but we will see how the percentage of people who are, I'm gonna move 00:13:02
the recording in which you can write here you will see from 65 up to 79 years and 80 and more 00:13:10
and we see that the percentage is the 30 percent of the total population. They will need pensions 00:13:20
and they will need health care and we won't have enough people to pay for it. It will be the 00:13:28
problem of the future in Europe and in many other places. I think in America they will have the same 00:13:35
problem too. And now let's going to continue with the next point but I am going to have I'm going 00:13:43
to record another video because I am is the 13 minute and I just have 15 so it has no sense to 00:13:50
continue with this recording and I will start the next point in a new video so I'll see you 00:13:58
now in the second video bye bye 00:14:04
Subido por:
Laura A.
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
149
Fecha:
3 de mayo de 2020 - 19:37
Visibilidad:
Clave
Centro:
CP INF-PRI AMADOR DE LOS RIOS
Duración:
14′ 10″
Relación de aspecto:
2.10:1
Resolución:
1360x648 píxeles
Tamaño:
41.87 MBytes

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