Saltar navegación

Activa JavaScript para disfrutar de los vídeos de la Mediateca.

4. The Thirty Years' War

Ajuste de pantalla

El ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:

Subido el 13 de abril de 2020 por Ruben P.

8 visualizaciones

Más información Transcripción

Descargar la transcripción

So, let's begin with the fourth epigraph of this unit, the Thirty Years' War. 00:00:00
So, we are going to see the main conflict that is going to take place in Europe in the 17th century. 00:00:08
It's going to be really important because Spain is going to lose the supremacy, it means the control of the whole continent. 00:00:13
Spain is going to be no longer a superpower and France is going to be the new superpower in Europe. 00:00:20
Okay, so Spain is going to be defeated and France is going to be the new superpower 00:00:30
So let's begin with the 30 years war the thing is this conflict is going to last of course 30 years 00:00:36
That is why it's called 30 years war as you can see 1618 1649. It's just in 48 00:00:41
Okay 00:00:48
So the thing is this this war is going to start 00:00:48
It's gonna start or is going to start as a conflict between Protestant and Catholic people 00:00:51
okay in the Holy Roman Empire and you could say why Spain is going to get 00:00:56
involved in this conflict if it's a conflict inside the Holy Roman Empire 00:01:01
okay the answer to this is remember in Spain is governing the Habsburg dynasty 00:01:05
the Habsburg dynasty is a dynasty it's a German dynasty that came from the Holy 00:01:11
Roman Empire so the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire is part of the family of 00:01:17
the Spanish royal family in this moment so that they are going to intervene in 00:01:22
favor of the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and also in favor of Catholicism 00:01:28
and against Protestantism remember Spain is going to be one of the Catholic 00:01:34
countries that is going to defend Catholicism against Protestantism okay 00:01:39
so let's continue phases of the conflict which are going to be the phases of this 00:01:44
conflict okay the first one we are going to see all the different phases the 00:01:48
first one is or the conflict is going to start with this uprising in Bohemia okay 00:01:53
the Protestant in Bohemia are going to spell the Catholics let's see what is 00:01:57
Bohemia Bohemia is this region here and you should keep this name Bohemia 00:02:02
because you are going to see this region or we are going to talk about this 00:02:07
region in fourth of SO2 this region of Bohemia is nowadays the 00:02:10
Church Republic so in this region in Bohemia that as you can see is part of 00:02:17
the Holy Roman Empire okay so what is going to happen is these nobles these 00:02:22
Protestant nobles are going to spell the Catholics and they are going to 00:02:30
establish a new king a Protestant King what is the problem the problem is first 00:02:33
that they spell the Catholics second that the Emperor of the Empire is 00:02:38
catholic and third the emperor of the the emperor of the empire is also the king of bohemia so of 00:02:42
course he is not going to be very happy when the protestant the protestant nobles or the nobles 00:02:49
that they are protestant in bohemia spell the catholics first and then they proclaim they 00:02:54
appointed a new king and this king is going to be protestant okay so the emperor ferdinand ii 00:02:59
that is from the hasbro dynasty and was also the king of bohemia had to fought against them 00:03:06
of course okay so the thing is the emperor is not starting the war the ones that they are starting 00:03:12
the war are the protestant nobles in this region in bohemia okay here is ferdinand ii okay as you 00:03:17
can see it's really austrian really is part of the habsburg you see the the jaw of the 00:03:25
the head okay it's really it's similar to the habsburgs in spain okay so this the emperor 00:03:32
Ferdinand the second is going to fight against these Protestant nobles in Bohemia because they have 00:03:40
Appointed a new king a Protestant King. So he is not anymore the king of Bohemia 00:03:47
That's that cannot be okay, and they expelled the Catholics from this region. Okay, so 00:03:52
There are going to be two sides 00:03:59
Okay, so there are going to be two sides one side is the Catholic side and the other one is going to be the Protestant 00:04:01
side okay so who is going to be in the catholic side of course the ones that they are going to 00:04:07
be in the catholic side are going to be the emperor of course the german catholics and the 00:04:15
king of spain and portugal remember the king of spain and portugal is the same in this moment 00:04:21
okay so remember the king of spain is a hasburg so it's the same is from the same dynasty as the 00:04:25
the emperor of Germany so what we are going to see in this first side is a is 00:04:32
that is is is this Catholics is these two countries the Germans the Catholic 00:04:40
Germans the Spanish Catholics the King of Spain or the Spanish monarchy sorry 00:04:45
and the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire the German Protestants form an alliance 00:04:51
but they were almost defeated it means in the beginning this war was in favor 00:04:57
of Spain, in favor of the emperor, in favor of the Catholics, okay, the Protestants almost lost the 00:05:02
war, okay, almost, almost lost the war, but there is a problem, something is going to change, okay, 00:05:08
check this map, you see where is Bohemia, okay, where they spell the Catholics, you see the 00:05:14
different countries, the different regions controlled under Spanish control, okay, and we 00:05:20
going to see why these people that they are also in green are going to join this 00:05:28
war okay so let's see the thing is there is going to be an intervention the the 00:05:33
Protestants are losing the war so Denmark is going to intervene why do you 00:05:42
think them and is going to intervene because of one specific reason a 00:05:46
religious reason the king of German Denmark is Lutheran is a Protestant okay 00:05:50
so this Lutheran King Christian is going to intervene in this conflict okay in order to 00:05:57
make the Protestants to win the war okay he is going to be supported by England okay but not 00:06:07
only England and Denmark are going to join the war also the Netherlands the low countries the 00:06:14
United Provinces are going to fight against these Catholics why they are going to fight against the 00:06:20
Catholics because they are going to fight against Spain remember this region the northern low 00:06:27
countries were a region that belonged to Spain belonged to the king of the Hispanic monarchy 00:06:34
they rebel against Philip II against Felipe II and they still keep fighting against 00:06:40
the Spanish monarch okay and they are going to say okay there is a war Spain is fighting in this war 00:06:48
Spain, as a Catholic country, is fighting against the Protestants in Germany. 00:06:55
So, our moment is the perfect moment for us to intervene and fight against Spain in order to achieve independence. 00:06:59
But the situation is not going to be positive for the Protestants either. 00:07:07
Even with Denmark, even with England, even with the low countries fighting in favor of the German Protestants, 00:07:11
they are going to keep losing the war. 00:07:20
So, as you can see, Christian IV of Denmark intervenes, but he will have to retreat quickly 00:07:23
due to the intervention of this imperial army that will end up entering Denmark. 00:07:31
Look well how the Spanish are going to intervene in the United Provinces, in the lower countries, 00:07:37
in the Netherlands nowadays, and they are going to keep fighting and winning. 00:07:43
They are going to conquer Breda. Remember there is a painting painted by Velázquez and in this painting he was representing how the Spanish troops conquered the city of Breda in 1625. 00:07:49
So, this is the point, the Catholics are winning the war, the Catholics in this second phase 00:08:12
are defeated the King of Denmark, the British, the English and also the Dutch, the people 00:08:21
from the United Provinces. 00:08:29
situation when the the the Protestants were losing the war they keep losing the 00:08:35
war even when this is happening okay or due to this fact Sweden is going to 00:08:41
intervene in the war okay so the idea is the Protestant we're losing the way the 00:08:53
war anyway so the king of Sweden is going to intervene and this is crucial 00:08:57
because that the king of Sweden intervening the war is going to change 00:09:01
the situation is going to balance the situation is going to make the 00:09:06
protestant to start winning the war okay here is Sweden Sweden is controlling 00:09:12
Finland too and is going to conquer this small region is going to obtain this 00:09:19
small region in northern Germany in or in the north of the Holy Roman Empire so 00:09:23
intervention of Sweden started made the Catholics to finally sign a treaty under 00:09:32
which religious persecution would be stopped. It means that the Catholics, the 00:09:36
intervention of Sweden, is going to be that important that the Catholics are 00:09:40
going to start accepting to sign a treaty in order to avoid or stop 00:09:44
this religious persecution against the Protestants. So it 00:09:52
That means the Swedish participation was crucial, the intervention of the King of Dermot wasn't 00:09:58
that important as the intervention of the King of Sweden, because in this moment they 00:10:07
were finally balancing the situation and this is going to make the Catholics start finally 00:10:12
thinking of signing a treaty in order to avoid to end with this religious persecution. 00:10:18
But the situation is not going to end here, what I said Sweden is going to gain some new 00:10:25
territories in the area, what I said these territories here in the north, you can see 00:10:31
Sweden was controlling all these territories and also now this part of Germany, of the 00:10:36
Holy Roman Empire. 00:10:42
But the situation is not going to end there, France is going to join the conflict, and 00:10:45
you could say France is going to join the conflict? 00:10:49
France is a Catholic country, so France is going to be in favor of the Catholics, against Denmark, against England, against the Netherlands, against Sweden, no, France is going to join the conflict, even when it's a Catholic country, against Spain, okay, France is going to join the conflict, Spain is losing the war, 00:10:52
So, France is going to say, I'm going to take advantage of the situation, I'm going to intervene, and I want to defeat Spain in order to end with the Spanish dominion over Europe. 00:11:13
So, the Protestants' victory was also a consequence of this French intervention, remember it's a Catholic state, allied with the Protestants. 00:11:27
So, it doesn't make any sense, France is joining the Protestants against the Catholics, but it's a Catholic state. 00:11:35
why because France wants this wants what I said okay France you see here as an 00:11:42
ally of the Protestants he wants to end with a Spanish and German power in Europe 00:11:47
so the idea is he's going to intervene and he's going to start defeating not 00:11:53
only Germany the German troops but also but also the Spanish troops and Spain 00:11:58
is going to lose finally the war okay the French intervention is going to make 00:12:06
the Catholics to lose the war okay is the crucial turning point 00:12:11
el punto inflexión crucial okay France final is going to defeat Spain in the 00:12:18
battle of Rocroi in 1643 okay here is the battle you see is in the borders 00:12:24
with in the in the French border near the French border and the tercios are 00:12:29
going to be defeated here in the battle of Rocroi here there is a there is a 00:12:35
video where they represent this battle in a movie the movie is related with the 00:12:44
Capitana La Triste and in this movie what you are going to see is how Spain 00:12:50
is going to be defeated in this battle of Rocroi so France is going to be the 00:12:56
winner of this war okay so in the end in this war the Protestants are going to 00:13:02
France is going to win, Germany is going to lose, Spain is going to lose. Remember, 00:13:09
in the beginning they were winning the war, but as time goes on new countries 00:13:16
added to the conflict. First Denmark, then Sweden and the Netherlands, Sweden and finally France. 00:13:21
So the war is going to end with this peace treaty, the peace of Westphalia, 00:13:31
La Paz de Westphalia, in 1648. What is going to establish this piece of Westphalia? First, 00:13:38
the Spanish monarchy is going to lose their dominance over Europe. It means Spain is not 00:13:45
anymore a superpower ruling Europe. Who is going to be the new ruler of Europe? France. 00:13:51
The northern lower countries, of course, are going to be independent now, so they are going to achieve 00:13:58
independence so this is the idea france is going to be the new ruler okay spain is going to lose 00:14:03
these territories in red and the the united provinces are going to be independent okay 00:14:11
and france is going to be the new superpower in europe spain is going to lose also portugal 00:14:21
as time goes on okay but it's going to keep Catalonia you'll see these these 00:14:29
these problems in the next point in the point number five related with with the 00:14:35
Spanish house for dynasty so Spain is going to lose their dominance dominance 00:14:40
over Europe and another low low countries achieve independence that's 00:14:46
the most important thing related with Spain the Holy Roman Empire is going to 00:14:50
accept the sovereignty of the German states what does it mean means that the 00:14:55
different states inside the Holy Roman Empire can do anything they want if they 00:14:59
want if they want to be Protestant they could be Protestant if they want to be 00:15:05
Spanish or Spanish Catholic they can be Catholic whatever okay so it means the 00:15:09
German states imagine that the USA the USA is a country but is composed by 00:15:14
different states so the Holy Roman Empire is almost the same one country 00:15:19
with many different states imagine Spain Spain is one country but with many 00:15:23
different communities autonomous more or less the same so imagine after this war 00:15:28
with this peace treaty okay the German states are able to that to decide which 00:15:33
type of religion do they want it means if they want Catholicism or if they want 00:15:41
Protestantism okay so the Holy Roman Empire the Emperor has to accept the 00:15:45
sovereignty of the German states to be recognized and the power of the Emperor 00:15:50
was limited of course if the different German states are going to be are going to have the 00:15:58
power to decide their own religion of course is because the emperor has less power so the 00:16:04
religious tolerance is going to be set in the Holy Roman Empire so these are the two the two 00:16:12
countries that they are going to lose the war Spain is going to lose the dominance over Europe 00:16:17
and is going to accept that the lower country the low countries must be independent the Holy 00:16:22
roman empire is going to accept that the german states are independent enough to decide the 00:16:27
religion so there is going to be religious tolerance and the emperor is going to have less 00:16:34
power sweden is going to be the dominant state in the baltic coast it means in the baltic sea 00:16:38
okay here the baltic sea sweden is going to be the country that is going to have the dominance 00:16:46
in the area is the most important power in this area in the Baltic Sea and France 00:16:52
is going to be the leading power in Europe it means France is going to be 00:17:00
the leading power in Europe while Sweden is going to be the leading power in the 00:17:04
Baltic Sea so this Thirty Years War is going to be negative for the Holy Roman 00:17:09
Empire and Spain and it's going to be positive for Sweden and France okay 00:17:17
Spain is going to lose these territories in red, Spain is going to lose the 00:17:21
dominance over Europe, the Holy Roman Empire is going to accept and Spain 00:17:25
is going to accept the independence of the United Provinces while the Holy 00:17:30
Roman Empire is going to accept that the different German states are independent 00:17:34
enough to decide the religion so they establish a religious tolerance and they 00:17:39
are going to establish the sorry and the power of the Emperor is going to be the 00:17:45
is going to be limited. Sweden is going to be the great power or the 00:17:51
superpower in the Baltic Sea and France the superpower in Europe. And that's it. 00:17:57
In the next video we will explain Spain in the 17th century and we will talk 00:18:02
about this 30 years war that is crucial in order to understand the 00:18:08
evolution of the Spanish policy during the 17th century. 00:18:14
Autor/es:
Rubén Peinado González
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
8
Fecha:
13 de abril de 2020 - 22:58
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
18′ 20″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
102.72 MBytes

Del mismo autor…

Ver más del mismo autor

EducaMadrid, Plataforma Educativa de la Comunidad de Madrid

Plataforma Educativa EducaMadrid