Vídeo clase 7 de mayo_2AB
Ajuste de pantallaEl ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:
point, the consolidation of Peninsular Kingdoms, and I'm going to show you the pages of this
00:00:03
topic or this demo, explain to be easier for you to understand, ok?
00:00:11
I know maybe this unit is a little bit complicated, related to the history that maybe you don't
00:00:34
understand or whatever, ok?
00:00:43
And you will have this presentation also in the aula virtual, like always.
00:00:45
Ok, first of all we are going to see something that is called Viña de los Cinco Reinos, ok?
00:00:51
And here we have a map of these five kingdoms.
00:01:00
The crown of Castile, the crown of Aragón, the kingdom of Navarre, the kingdom of Portugal and the kingdom of Granada.
00:01:07
and here we have four of these five kingdoms are christian okay it's muslim the one who refers to
00:01:17
granada so uh the nazirite kingdom of granada we will see later during this unit so don't worry at
00:01:30
all but today we are going to explain how these four kingdoms or even crowns were formed okay
00:01:37
so we are going to explain one by one these four kingdoms okay this is a diagram as we used to do
00:01:46
in the blackboard okay and summary these two pages so you can see it's short and i mean it's only one
00:01:56
page okay and here you have the diagram and you have to copy it in your notebook this is the
00:02:05
theory that you need to write down in your notebooks okay i'm going to explain it but
00:02:11
here you have it i know this maybe is too small for a a very good reading so in different slides
00:02:17
i'm going to make a zoom in this text to be easier to understand okay and also i have separate each
00:02:26
each part from each kingdom, that means we have one from the Crown of Castile, the Kingdom
00:02:35
of Portugal, the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre.
00:02:43
So we are going to have each part related to each kingdom, but at the end of the presentation
00:02:47
you have this diagram divided into two parts to see better the letters and the calligraphy
00:02:54
and whatever.
00:03:03
Okay, so here we have the crown of Castile. I think you have already known that the most important kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula were Castile and Aragon because we have crown.
00:03:04
What is the difference between crown and kingdom? Kingdom is only one thing, but in a crown we have more than one kingdom. That is the idea.
00:03:19
Here we have in the crown of Castile, we have the kingdom of Galicia, the kingdom of León and the kingdom. These three territories form the crown of Castile.
00:03:32
In Aragon we have the Catalan Counties, we have the Kingdom of Aragon, and we have the Kingdom of Valencia here, and also we have four kingdoms in one crown, three kingdoms in one crown, they are only kingdoms.
00:03:47
okay this is the reason why we have crowns and kingdoms okay so crown still you already know
00:04:19
the origin of this crown or kingdom was a count okay if you remember okay
00:04:26
okay two crowns okay so here in our diagram we have union and sometimes together here we have
00:04:41
different moments you don't have to remember when right or when they were separate you have to learn
00:05:10
that but i want you to understand the reasons why sometimes are together and sometimes they are
00:05:18
apart okay so here we have ferdinand the first if you remember we explained this in in class
00:05:24
ferdinand the first is the son of sancho tercero el mayor sancho the third rate
00:05:31
rey de Pamplona, conde de Aragón, conde de Sobrarbe y Río Algorza, y conde consorte de Castilla, es decir, estaba casado con la condesa de Castilla.
00:05:41
So, for this reason, they inherited their son, Ferdinand I, o Fernando I de Castilla, the county.
00:05:51
sorry so ferdinand gets married with the sister of the kingdom of leon if you remember bermudo
00:06:02
i was telling you bermudo tercero uh he had a sister that was called santa and bermudo was
00:06:13
killed in a battle by ferdinand the first es decir fernando primero mata a su cuñado que es
00:06:22
king of leon and automatically becomes fernando in king of leon because he was married to sancho
00:06:30
I'm going to write it down here a little bit so that you understand it a little better, so that you understand it.
00:06:36
We have here to Bermudo, who is the brother of Sancha, who is married to Fernando.
00:06:43
Bermudo is the king of León.
00:06:56
So, if Fernando kills the sister of the late king, by right of marriage, they become the kings of León.
00:07:00
Why? Because Fernando killed the previous king, and since he was married to the sister of the king, by right of marriage, he has the right to stay with the kingdom.
00:07:18
What happens if Fernando becomes King of León and was already Count of Castile?
00:07:29
We have it here, because his father, Sancho III el Mayor, left the County of Castile in inheritance.
00:07:34
We have that Fernando Ferdinand, I was going to write it down, has on the one hand Castile by inheritance of his father and León by marriage with Sancha,
00:07:40
who was the sister of Bermudo III, who died in 1037.
00:07:51
That's why the Kingdom of Castile, sorry, the County of Castile and the Kingdom of Leon
00:07:55
are united in 1037, okay?
00:08:03
I know this part is maybe a little bit complicated, but you can ask me.
00:08:07
Okay, so we have with Ferdinand I, Leon and Castile were together.
00:08:12
But what happened when Ferdinand died?
00:08:18
when he died he divided again the territory between his sons or his children okay so
00:08:21
we have that it depends on the king to be united or separate okay so later we have
00:08:30
the six sorry here we have ferdinand the first okay so here we have leon and castile
00:08:39
the count of Castile
00:08:47
and later we have another king
00:08:50
that joined again
00:08:52
León and Castile
00:08:54
this king, Alfonso VI
00:08:56
what do I mean by the sixth?
00:08:57
the sixth
00:08:59
was the one
00:09:01
who was with the
00:09:04
fifth
00:09:07
and here we have Urraca
00:09:07
who was the one who tried to
00:09:10
and Urraca kept them and then they separated
00:09:12
again, so as you can see
00:09:18
It is not necessary that you learn it, but I want you to understand that the dynamics of both kingdoms is that they can be joined with a king, in the case of Fernando, in the case of Alfonso, but when Alfonso dies and Urraca passes, when a king decides to divide the territory as an inheritance for his children, then we start again.
00:09:20
When does the definitive union occur? Well, it will be with Fernando III, okay? Fernando III already
00:09:42
maintains it, father of Alfonso X, the wise man, and well, he already remains united until practically
00:09:49
the 18th century or so, that Spain was already more united, okay? Because it already included all the kingdoms. There, yes,
00:09:57
there is territorial unification, but hey, that's another topic. So, we have that the dynamic of the
00:10:03
crown of Castile or the kingdom of Castile and the kingdom of Leon is that they get together and separate
00:10:10
several times until already Fernando III in 1230, we have it here, as he inherits from his mother
00:10:15
Castile and from his father Leon, because already by nose it is his and he decides no, so if Fernando no longer divides the territory, it is a single territory forming the crown of Castile, I repeat a little more
00:10:23
In short, León was a county, that is, Castile depended on León.
00:10:39
But what happens is that Fernando González independentizes from León and from there the Kingdom of Castile is formed.
00:10:48
They are like two independent territories. What happens?
00:10:57
That from Fernando I, son of Sancho III the Elder, as Sancho had so many children, Fernando gives him Castile.
00:11:00
By marriage with the sister of King Leon, he has an option to the throne of Leon, what happens is that if he kills him, then Fernando stays with the two, that is what we have seen, but when Fernando dies, he divides it again, so the union was very brief.
00:11:08
His children, or his grandson Alfonso VI, reunites him again and passes it on to his sister Urraca, and Urraca passes it on to his son Alfonso VII, who decides to divide the territory again.
00:11:23
of the territory, the kingdom of Leon on one side and the kingdom of Castile on the other, until we already reach Fernando III, who as he receives
00:11:39
by inheritance Castile from his mother and León from his father, he already unites them and decides not to separate them. When he dies in his
00:11:47
will, the whole kingdom passes on to his son and that is when the crown of Castile is formed, which is
00:11:53
when, if you realize, it is not the crown of Leon but Castile. Castile becomes the important one and
00:12:00
That it was a simple county when it started, okay?
00:12:06
So that's a bit of the dichotomy or the trend that Castile has.
00:12:08
They get together, they separate, they get together, they separate,
00:12:14
until they reach the 13th century, 1230, with Fernando III,
00:12:16
when they are already united forever, okay?
00:12:19
Okay, with Portugal it's easier to understand, of course.
00:12:24
Here we have, this is the first king of Portugal,
00:12:28
It is called Alfonso Enriquez, in Spanish Enriquez Sinache, and he is the first king of Portugal.
00:12:32
What was the origin of Portugal?
00:12:43
Portugal was part of the Kingdom of León, similar to the idea of Castile.
00:12:46
Portugal was a county formed by León and for this reason was dependent on the kingdom.
00:12:55
It means the kingdom of León had different territories and one of these territories was the county of Portugal.
00:13:05
In this year, in the 12th century, this count proclaimed himself king.
00:13:16
So they made independent Portugal from León and they changed from a county to a kingdom.
00:13:22
So Alfonso Enriquez is the first king of Portugal because before him Portugal was a county.
00:13:30
And here you have a picture showing you one of the castles.
00:13:40
I searched for a map but I couldn't find it.
00:13:46
So you only have to remember that Portugal was part of the kingdom of León, was a county,
00:13:49
so was dependent of the kingdom. But when one count, this one, Alfonso Enriquez,
00:13:56
decided to make independent the county and proclaims himself king, Portugal changed from a
00:14:02
county to a kingdom, okay? So you see, Portugal is very easy to understand. I like so much the
00:14:08
the origin of the crown of Aragón. As I told you, the crown of Aragón had different territories.
00:14:15
In the origin was this. Here we have Reino de Aragón. This part are the Catalan counties.
00:14:22
Especially the orange part, the green part, as you can see, are counted in orbit, but it ends up being Catalan.
00:14:30
Oh, I like so much this crown, because I like...
00:14:35
Here we have the marriage between Petronila, okay, that was the daughter and the heir of the kingdom, of the king, sorry, of Aragon,
00:14:49
and Ramón Berenguer IV was count of Barcelona.
00:14:58
Okay, I like so much because Petronila was the daughter of a bishop or a monk, okay, that means Petronila was the daughter of a monk, a monk who was the brother of the king.
00:15:04
I'm going to use the genealogical tree of the Kingdom of Navarra, which is useful for both of us.
00:15:22
You see this man that we have here marked in red, Alfonso I of Aragon.
00:15:29
It is important that we understand, as you can see here we have the union between Petronila and Ramón Berenguer IV.
00:15:35
Alfonso I, king of Aragon, we have this genealogical tree on the side of Navarra, did not have children.
00:15:44
So, if you do not have children, you have to leave in a testament to whom you give them.
00:15:53
What happened? That Alfonso I was a very, very devoted, very religious man and decided to donate his kingdom to the military orders.
00:15:59
That is, he left Aragon without a king and gave the military orders a tremendous power, which was to have a kingdom.
00:16:09
What happened? Well, the councilors of Aragon totally ignored Alfonso I's will, they didn't listen to him because they said, this man has gone to hell and we don't care, and they go for Alfonso I's brother.
00:16:20
Pedro does not interest us now. If you remember, when we were looking at the social
00:16:33
estaments, I told you that normally the children of the nobility, the second and third children of
00:16:38
the nobility or royalty, who were the firstborn, ended up in a monastery or becoming religious.
00:16:43
Well, this was the case. Alfonso I is the one who reigned and Ramiro II said, well, I'm going to the
00:16:51
monastery, which I like more, I'm not going to be king because my brother is there, who will already have children and
00:16:57
and it will be their children who reign. I go quietly to my monastery.
00:17:02
What happens? That when Alfonso dies and donates or inherits his territory to the military orders
00:17:07
and the nobles tell him that there is none, they are going to look for Ramiro II.
00:17:14
So imagine a lord who is already older, who was closing a monastery, who had done celibacy,
00:17:18
who had fulfilled a monastic order, they tell him, sir, now you are going to be king.
00:17:23
And Ramiro says, no, I am not going to be king. And they tell him, okay, let's do one thing.
00:17:27
You are not the king, because you want to continue your life in the monastery, but we need you to have an heir.
00:17:31
So, of course, Ramiro II sees himself in the breach of having to marry.
00:17:38
Imagine a situation, a monk who leaves the monastery, they force him to marry, he has a daughter, Petronila,
00:17:43
and as soon as he has his daughter, he says, well, gentlemen, I'm going back to the monastery, I'm not interested in knowing anything about my son or my wife, I'm going to the monastery.
00:17:48
Ramiro, as Petronila was a woman and was not allowed to reign over women, was born in the crown of Aragon in Castile, but beware, Petronila was born in 1336 and notice the year in which he begins to reign, 1137, how is that possible?
00:17:56
The poor girl is married to a man, Ramón Berenguer IV, who gives her 22 years.
00:18:29
That is, when the marriage is effective, that is, when the girl is older and the marriage is consumed in 1105.
00:18:39
What happens when she is older to be able to consume the marriage and have children?
00:18:57
That is when it becomes, above all, effective.
00:19:01
So what happens?
00:19:03
He gave Ramón Berenguer the option of marrying his daughter, but he did not make him king of Aragon, the king of Aragon would be the son of ambos, Alfonso II, then Ramón Berenguer and Pedro Nila unite both territories, unite the kingdom of Aragon with the Catalan counties and his son, Alfonso II, will be the first king of the crown of Aragon, that is, when they have already united the territories, okay?
00:19:05
That's why I say I like the story, because I think it's a bit cheesy, it doesn't make sense, but that's the way it is.
00:19:30
This man, Ramiro II, makes me very happy.
00:19:37
They call him Ramiro II just in case you were curious, so you know where his name comes from.
00:19:39
So now when we go to explain Navarra, I explain why we had here the genealogical tree of Sánchez III el Mayor.
00:19:46
They created the Crown of Aragon, but the first king was Alfonso II, their son.
00:20:06
As their son, they inherited both territories and the first king of the Crown of Aragon.
00:20:12
And what happened with this union? What were the consequences of this union?
00:20:19
Here we have the increase of military strength.
00:20:24
strength. Of course, if we join two strong kingdoms or strong territories, we are stronger
00:20:27
to conquer whatever they want. That means Al-Andalus in the south or Mallorca in the
00:20:35
east. As I told you, the kingdom of Mallorca was part of the crown of Aragon, but not from
00:20:42
the beginning. It's a conqueror. So here we have the military strength, expand to the
00:20:48
out and conquer new territories okay and here we have the marriage okay here we have the
00:20:53
the rings showing us how they create the crown and the last territory that we are going to see
00:21:01
is navarre okay and this is nowadays the actual navarre okay and here we have different things
00:21:08
First of all, Sancho Ramírez of Aragón. Here we have Sancho Ramírez.
00:21:18
to give it to Sancho. Therefore, Sancho Ramírez joins the Kingdom of Aragon by inheritance of his father and
00:22:06
with the Kingdom of Pamplona by inheritance of his uncle. That is why we have Sancho Ramírez
00:22:11
as a king who unites both territories. What happens? That his son, Alfonso I, inherits both
00:22:16
Navarre and Aragon. And here is where the story of his brother monk comes in again. We have here
00:22:22
Alfonso I, after his death, separated in a Pamplona in Aragon. Why? We have already said that this
00:22:28
This man does not pay attention to his will, so what I have told you about Petronila and the son of the monk and all is from the part of the kingdom of Aragon, but with the part of Navarre they said, well, okay, we do not pay attention to the will, nothing happens, we look for another, and they looked for García Ramírez, who was the son of a noble, quite influential in Pamplona, okay, then, like the Aragonese, they looked for the trick of taking the brother of the king of the monastery and forcing him to have a child,
00:22:34
The Navarros, for their part, looked for a substitute and said, well, let's look for another king who is capable of governing.
00:23:03
So he was named a new king and controlled the territory more or less as it is today in Navarra.
00:23:10
But the last one, and if you are interested, I don't know if you have noticed that it can be called the Kingdom of Pamplona, that is, the Kingdom of Pamplona and the Kingdom of Navarra.
00:23:15
It depends on the year we are talking about. Before 1162, Kingdom of Pamplona. From 1162, Kingdom of Navarra.
00:23:22
before 1,162 kingdom of pamplona after 1,162 kingdom of navarra 1,162 alfonso vi the wise man of navarra
00:23:32
changed the name of pamplona to navarra
00:23:45
review super fast good I have told you that you have here the same scheme all together so that you know the order
00:23:51
I have used some colors so that you can distinguish the hierarchy of the titles and such, but well, let you know.
00:23:58
I think it looks a bit messy, but it's interesting. I do like this part of the story a lot, although I know it's complicated.
00:24:04
I advise you one thing, well, I recommend it, it is not mandatory that you do it, taking into account the suspicion that Wikipedia can cause.
00:24:11
But one thing that favors us about Wikipedia is that you click on a name and if more pages are opening up, you start to branch out.
00:24:20
You start with an idea and you end up with 50 open tabs.
00:24:27
And I really like to use Wikipedia for that kind of topic because you start by clicking on Fernando I and you go to León and then to Castilla and then you end up in Navarra.
00:24:30
And you realize that everything is linked.
00:24:40
So if you are curious and you feel like it, I advise you to start looking.
00:24:42
search and I don't know, if you are curious, well, Ramiro II the monk. Well, I already tell you that as soon as you
00:24:47
read the Wikipedia, you will be curious about where this one comes from and why this one. And maybe
00:24:51
it can bother you more, I know, because it is a lot of information, but maybe if you are curious, well,
00:24:57
there, it never comes out, okay? So, well, let you know that Castile and León, as they separate, depending on
00:25:02
who reigns and who leaves the will, until we reach Fernando III, who unites it
00:25:08
definitely in the 13th century. Portugal begins to be a dependent county of León and when Alfonso
00:25:13
Enriquez decides to become independent of León, he forms a kingdom and proclaims himself king. Then Aragon,
00:25:20
what I have told you, between Petronila and Ramón Berenguer, the daughter of the monk and the Catalan count,
00:25:27
who officially marry when they are already one year old, but obviously the marriage is consumed later.
00:25:32
They have a son, Alfonso II, who is the first king of the Crown of Aragon, and well, thanks to that they begin
00:25:38
to conquer towards the south, therefore the reconquest is on the part of Castile and on the part of Aragon
00:25:43
mainly and then finally Navarre because we have several kings here we have the one who dies without
00:25:47
children and that is why Navarre and Aragon are separated, García Ramírez would be the first king of the territory
00:25:53
more or less current that we know and that finally Sancho VI the wise is the one who changes the
00:26:00
name of the kingdom, from Pamplona to Navarra, okay? But in fact, if you have any questions,
00:26:06
I have questions numbered with ABCD, or are these four questions that I have here, okay? ABCD.
00:26:09
So I think that through these questions, it synthesizes quite well the explanation of
00:26:20
today and you will understand it much better. But obviously, as you also have to copy
00:26:25
the scheme in the notebook, it will be clearer for you. And then, finally, exercise 1 of
00:26:29
page 85. For those who are not mistaken, page 85 of my book is this. If it does not
00:26:33
with yours, look for this exercise. If you tell me that you don't have that exercise in your book,
00:26:37
for whatever reason, you have the pdf of the book scanned in the virtual classroom and if you don't have it here,
00:26:43
you have your own statement that you have to do, okay? And you have to sort out four facts,
00:26:47
I think you do it in two minutes. And nothing guys, little more. As always,
00:26:53
you write in the notebook, you copy the questions and it's for the seventh day.
00:26:57
Any questions you have about the theory of this class, which I know is complicated,
00:27:01
Ask it freely, okay?
00:27:05
The next live class we have is on Tuesday the 12th, okay?
00:27:07
Remember that on the 11th you have the test of the 6th issue, well, the questionnaire, the 6th issue of the cities.
00:27:14
All the doubts you have from this part, if you see that you don't want to ask it through the forum,
00:27:20
then ask me if you want it on the 12th, if not, okay?
00:27:25
And that's it, guys. For my part, the class is over and that's it.
00:27:28
Okay, bye.
00:27:34
- Subido por:
- Marta N.
- Licencia:
- Todos los derechos reservados
- Visualizaciones:
- 27
- Fecha:
- 6 de mayo de 2020 - 13:25
- Visibilidad:
- Clave
- Centro:
- IES FEDERICO GARCIA LORCA
- Duración:
- 27′ 35″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1920x1080 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 110.14 MBytes