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9. Spain in the 18th century - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 27 de septiembre de 2020 por Ruben P.

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In this video we are going to study the last point of the unit, it's going to be Spain in the 18th century. 00:00:01
So what we are going to see in this video is the two main characteristics of Spain in the 18th century. 00:00:07
The first one is going to be the Spanish War of Succession that is going to take place in the 1700s. 00:00:15
The consequence of this war is that the royal dynasty is going to change in Spain. 00:00:23
from the Hasburg dynasty to the Bourbon dynasty. That is the 00:00:31
present-day dynasty because it's Felipe VI is a king 00:00:37
of the Bourbon dynasty that is going to be a French dynasty. And the other part is the characteristics, the 00:00:43
changes that they are going to take place in Spain in 00:00:49
this 18th century 00:00:52
with regard to 00:00:55
this change of dynasty. 00:00:57
So, let's see, let's talk about the world of the Spanish Secession. 00:00:59
The first thing you need to know is that Spain in the 17th century is not Spain, it is the 00:01:03
Hispanic monarchy. 00:01:08
And this Hispanic monarchy is composed by this part of the Iberian Peninsula, it means 00:01:09
Aragon, Castile, Navarre, and then Sardinia, Sicily, Naples, Milan, and Belgium, present-day 00:01:15
Belgium. 00:01:24
So these are going to be the territories controlled by Spain, along with America, in the 17th century. 00:01:25
During the 16th and 17th century, the Hispanic monarchy has been the superpower. 00:01:34
It means the most powerful country in Europe. 00:01:41
And it was a superpower that controls Europe. 00:01:45
Europe. No one in Europe had more power than the Hispanic monarch in the 16th century 00:01:49
and in the 17th century the Hispanic monarchy is going to lose his 00:01:57
his hegemony, his power 00:02:03
in favor of France because France is going to start fighting the Hispanic monarchy and conquer, you see in red, 00:02:05
different territories to the Hispanic Monarchy so what we see is during the 00:02:14
16th and 17th century there is going to be only one superpower and it's going to 00:02:19
be the Hispanic Monarchy however in the 17th century France is going to rise as 00:02:23
one of the most powerful countries in Europe but France is not going to be 00:02:29
more powerful than the Hispanic Monarchy or Great Britain or the Holy Roman 00:02:35
empire that nowadays is Germany makes sense so in the 17th century what we see 00:02:40
is this superpower okay that is not ruling anymore Europe and France that is 00:02:47
the most powerful country in Europe along with Great Britain so let's see 00:02:55
what is going to happen in the 1700 okay charge the second this person here is 00:03:01
going to die and he is going to be he is going to left his kingdoms it means the 00:03:07
Hispanic monarchy to this person Philip V Felipe de Bourbon vale that is 00:03:14
going to be the nephew of Luis XIV Luis XIV was the king ruling France was 00:03:20
the king ruling France during the 17th century it means Luis XIV was the king 00:03:29
ruling France that acquired these red territories or steal these red 00:03:36
territories or conquer these red territories to the Hispanic monarchy so 00:03:43
Charles the second when he died in his will, quiere decir testamento, will es testamento en 00:03:48
sustantivo so Charles the second is going to give all these all his kingdoms 00:03:54
to Felipe V that is the nephew of Luis XIV. There was another option for 00:04:00
Charles II to give his kingdoms to the Archduke Carlos de Austria, it means 00:04:07
from the Habsburg dynasty, the same dynasty as Charles II was. Why 00:04:14
Charles II is going to give the kingdoms to the nephew of Luis XIV to 00:04:20
Philip V or Felipe V 00:04:27
instead of giving 00:04:29
his kingdoms to 00:04:30
the Archduke Carlos de Austria 00:04:32
because 00:04:36
Carlos II thought that 00:04:38
France, that was 00:04:40
one of the most powerful countries in Europe 00:04:42
in that moment, could protect 00:04:44
the kingdoms of 00:04:47
Spain, the different kingdoms 00:04:48
of the Hispanic monarchy, better 00:04:50
than the Holy Roman Empire. 00:04:52
So that's why 00:04:55
Charles II, on his will, is going to give the Hispanic monarchy to the nephew of Louis XIV, to Felipe V. 00:04:57
The problem is England or Great Britain, Portugal, the Netherlands, the Holy Roman Empire, 00:05:07
they are going to see that France and Spain together, controlled by French kings, 00:05:17
kings they could create a superpower that is going to rule Europe so that Great Britain, Portugal, 00:05:25
the Netherlands, the Holy Roman Empire are going to support Archiduque Carlos to be the king 00:05:36
of Spain, of the Hispanic monarchy. Due to this fact, okay, David Baesto, 00:05:43
ok a war is going to break in the Iberian Peninsula and in Europe what we 00:05:49
are going to see is that Felipe Quinto is going to be supported by some 00:05:56
kingdoms and countries and the Archduke Carlos is going to be supported by the 00:05:59
other side by other kingdoms and countries ok so let's see this in order 00:06:04
to avoid a new superpower ruling Europe it means Spain plus France a war started 00:06:08
in Europe with two main battlefields the Iberian Peninsula and Europe so these 00:06:13
These two sides, the supporters of Felipe de Borbón are Castile, France, the American 00:06:18
Viceroyalties, it means the Spanish America, and also these territories in Europe. 00:06:26
It means the Kingdom of Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, Milan and Belgium. 00:06:34
These territories are going to support Felipe V. 00:06:40
However the supporters of Archduke Carlos are going to be the Crown of Aragon, Portugal, Austria 00:06:43
and Great Britain and Savoy. Okay so what they are going to see is all these countries 00:06:51
fighting to see who is going to inherit the Hispanic monarchy. 00:06:59
So this is the Archduke Carlos de Austria. So let's see in the European battlefields Carlos 00:07:06
is going to be winning the war of course england portugal the netherlands the holy 00:07:17
run empire all together against france and castile okay are power are more powerful in europe than 00:07:21
france and castile together however in the iberian peninsula felipe was winning the war 00:07:29
okay so it means felipe was winning and conquering the crown of aragon and this is going to be really 00:07:36
important because if Felipe conquers Aragon what he is going to do is to 00:07:44
banish all the different laws and characteristics of the crown of Aragon 00:07:49
and remember inside the crown of Aragon we have Catalonia and this war is going 00:07:54
to affect to nationalism in Catalonia nowadays you'll see some pictures later 00:07:59
on the turning point means the moment when the war is going to change okay the 00:08:04
the evolution okay so the turning point is going to take place in 1711 when 00:08:11
Carlos de Austria is going to inherit the Holy Roman Empire so that imagine 00:08:19
Archduke Carlos de Austria controlling the Holy Roman Empire and the Spanish 00:08:24
territory okay is almost the same as Spain ruled by Felipe Quinto along with 00:08:29
the support of France so England Portugal the Netherlands and Savoy are 00:08:37
not going to support anymore the Holy Roman Empire because they said okay if 00:08:46
we support Archie Carlos we are going to have again a superpower ruling Europe 00:08:50
because it would be the Holy Roman Empire along with the Spanish 00:08:55
territories so they are going to force this theory the European countries are 00:09:01
going to force to end quickly with the war and they want to end quickly 00:09:06
with the war and you'll see how they are going to avoid any superpower in Europe 00:09:12
what they are going to do is to share the different Spanish territories among 00:09:18
the different countries for example Great Britain is going to aspire Gibraltar 00:09:31
and menorca menorca is going to be recovered by spain during the 18th century but gibraltar no 00:09:36
gibraltar remains in hands of the united kingdom you see the european spanish territories are 00:09:42
going to be in hands of austria now okay and this is important in the beginning sardinia 00:09:51
is going to be for austria and sicily for savoy but later on savoy is going to exchange sicily 00:09:59
for sardinia sorry here sardinia to austria it means austria is going to have belgium luxembourg 00:10:07
milan naples and sicily and sardinia is going to go for savoy okay so later on they are going 00:10:15
to exchange these two territories for savoy is better to have sardinia that is a close is closer 00:10:22
to savoy rather than sicily and for naples is better to have sicily instead of sardinia because 00:10:31
sicily is closer to naples so in order to avoid a new superpower rule in europe what they are going 00:10:39
to do is to divide the hispanic monarchy so the hispanic monarchy is going to disappear 00:10:45
Gibraltar and Menorca to Great Britain and this territory is to Austria and this one to Savoy. 00:10:50
And Spain is going to appear. Spain is going to appear because Philip V, after conquering Aragon, 00:10:56
defeating Aragon, is going to establish the loss of Castile in Aragon, is going to establish all 00:11:03
the different characteristics of Castile in Aragon okay and this is one of the 00:11:12
reasons why nowadays in the Catalonian nationalism they talk about this 00:11:20
specific war so finally the Treaty of Utrecht is the 00:11:27
treaty the peace treaty in 1713 is going to establish this Philip V ending as 00:11:32
king of Spain Philip V or Felipe V of Basel-Rio de España but he is going to 00:11:37
lose the Spanish European possessions Naples, Sardinia, the Netherlands and 00:11:42
Milan. The Netherlands is going to be independent and Great Britain is going 00:11:45
to acquire Gibraltar, Menorca and some American privileges. It means trade with 00:11:50
America. Great Britain is going to be able to trade with the Spanish America. 00:11:55
It was forbidden in the past but now after this war Great Britain is going to 00:12:02
be able to trade with America. As I said for Catalonia is really important this 00:12:06
Spanish War of Succession because Felipe Quinto is going to conquer the 00:12:16
crown of Aragon and is going to end with all the different laws of Aragon that 00:12:20
means also Catalonia. So for example the 11th of September that is the moment 00:12:25
when of 1714 that is the moment when Felipe Quinto ended with this laws and 00:12:31
And the different characteristics of Catalonia and the Anaragon so 00:12:39
They are going to recreate these battles. They are going to dress up as in the 18th century 00:12:45
Okay, and for them. This is the every 11th of September. They are going to 00:12:52
represent this 00:12:59
They are going to commemorate this moment and of course in favor of the independence of Catalonia against the rest of Spain 00:13:01
So the idea is simply that this war of succession is linked to the independence of Catalonia as the moment in which Castile dominated Aragon, Catalonia, and from there Catalonia stopped losing its own characteristics. 00:13:09
So they are now looking for independence. 00:13:24
Even during the Spanish Civil War, the 11th of September appears. 00:13:28
In this case, they said 11th of September of 1938, during the Spanish Civil War, Catalonia, 00:13:34
Catalans, Catalonia is fighting against the invaders, and the invaders are Franco with 00:13:40
his troops, nowadays they are fighting against the invasion of Spain and they want the independence 00:13:47
from Spain. 00:13:56
So everything is related and this specific event, historical event in the 18th century 00:13:58
is going to affect to nowadays, to Catalonia, to Catalonian nationalism. 00:14:04
So the last thing we need to see is the dynasty, the Bourbon dynasty, you see Philip V, he's 00:14:16
going to be succeeded by Ferdinand VI, when he dies he's going to be succeeded by his 00:14:22
brother and finally the last Bourbon the last king in the 18th century is going 00:14:27
to be Charles the fourth maybe you cannot see his face well but he is 00:14:35
similar his face is similar to Juan Carlos Primero's face okay so you can 00:14:43
see that Juan Carlos is part of this family of this French family that is 00:14:51
the Bourbons so let's see the reforms what they are going to do okay they are 00:14:55
going to find or they are going to look for the territorial uniformity what they 00:15:02
want is not to have the kingdom of Aragon and the kingdom of the crown of 00:15:07
Castile they want to have Spain as one kingdom with the same laws the same 00:15:10
characteristics the same coin etc okay so they are going to unify Aragon and 00:15:15
Castile. In the 16th century 17th century what we are going to see is we have two 00:15:21
kingdoms Aragon and Castile with one king but it's two different kingdoms. 00:15:27
After this war of Spanish secession Felipe Quinto is going to unify the two 00:15:34
kingdoms and he is going to establish all the characteristics of Castile in 00:15:41
in aragon so that's why catalonia feels the catalans that they they look for the independence 00:15:45
they feel that this moment the spanish war of succession was the moment when they lost their 00:15:52
identity their independence so in the 18th century what we see is spain as we know it nowadays 00:15:57
okay just the iberian peninsula this part of the iberian peninsula no differentiation between 00:16:06
in Aragon and Castile, only Spain. 00:16:11
The Castilian administrative system is the, 00:16:18
it means the characteristics of the administration 00:16:21
in Castile is going to be imposed in the Crown of Aragon. 00:16:23
And the law that is going to establish this, 00:16:28
this characteristics of Castile in Aragon 00:16:31
is going to be called Nueva Planta Decrees. 00:16:34
That they are going to be enacted, 00:16:39
it means approved between 1707 and 1716. 00:16:40
Okay? So that's the idea. What we have is the Nueva Planta Decrees, and these Nueva Planta Decrees are the laws that they are going to be enacted or approved during these years in order to establish the Castilian characteristics in Aragón, this administrative system in Aragón, in order to unify the two kingdoms. 00:16:45
And also the Spanish territory in this 18th century is going to be divided into provinces with a captain general 00:17:08
governing them 00:17:18
It means the army is going to control the different provinces 00:17:19
But this division into provinces as you can see here is really really close to our 00:17:23
Division nowadays you see Galicia is the same Asturias is the same 00:17:30
So the provinces established in the 18th century are similar to those that we have nowadays 00:17:34
Okay 00:17:43
So that's the idea 00:17:45
when we in the 18th century Spain is going to be divided into provinces and these provinces are going to be almost the same as 00:17:47
Nowadays in the 18th century 00:17:55
finally this 00:18:03
Administrative reorganization. It means to create new 00:18:05
Institutions. Okay means that they are going to establish a centralized system 00:18:08
Every decision is going to be made in Madrid as you can see what this is 18th century. This is a mistake 00:18:13
So the idea is the the different 00:18:18
Roads are going to start in Madrid and they are going to end in the 00:18:22
In the coastal areas of Spain as you can see the center is Madrid and the center is connected by the different 00:18:28
the different roads 00:18:35
Nowadays is almost the same 00:18:38
Madrid is the center and is connecting 00:18:41
the whole territory with the coastal areas 00:18:44
However, we can see all the different 00:18:47
roads that they connect 00:18:50
different branches connecting only Madrid 00:18:53
For example, here there is no connection between 00:18:56
Santander and Oviedo, but 00:18:59
Nowadays there is okay. So you see the connections that they are horizontal. Okay 00:19:02
Connect in these areas 00:19:08
We are going to have a king with an absolute power 00:19:09
And finally the king is going to be helped by secretaries. These secretaries are like ministries 00:19:14
Okay, like ministers. So the idea is centralized system 00:19:21
Every decision is made in yes in Madrid 00:19:25
second the king is going to have an absolute power and the third is the 00:19:28
secretaries assist the king in the task of government it means the secretaries 00:19:34
and are going to help the king in order to make the decisions so these 00:19:38
secretaries are going to be like ministers and that's it this is 18th 00:19:43
century in Spain and well with this we end with the unit one 00:19:49
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
RUBÉN PEINADO GONZÁLEZ
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
54
Fecha:
27 de septiembre de 2020 - 21:01
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
19′ 57″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
135.36 MBytes

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