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5th Social Science unit 6: Business and Money

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Subido el 13 de mayo de 2020 por Natalia M.

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Hi, good morning. We are starting today a new unit called Business and Money. 00:00:00
This is social science. Business means negocios and money you already know what is it. 00:00:07
So we are starting focusing on many years ago when money didn't exist. 00:00:14
So the trade took place in squares, en las plazas de las ciudades y los pueblos. 00:00:21
people went there with their products and they exchanged it for others 00:00:26
So if I wanted to buy some milk, I went there with my sheep and I said 00:00:31
Hello, I would like to have some milk, would you like my sheep in exchange? 00:00:38
And if that person agreed, then I went home with milk and the other person went home with my sheep 00:00:43
That is an exchange of products and it was called bartering 00:00:51
in trueque, many years ago. Now it doesn't happen. What can I do with my money? With 00:00:56
your money you can do four things. You can save it, ahorrarlo. You can invest it, invertirlo. 00:01:03
You can spend it, gastarlo. Or you can donate it, donarlo. The two words here which are 00:01:10
more difficult for you are donate and invest. Donate is a synonym of give. I mean you are 00:01:17
giving your money to an organization for example because you would like to help 00:01:25
lo estás dando, lo estás regalando, you don't want nothing, you don't want anything in 00:01:30
exchange but invest this word is quite complicated and it is related to 00:01:35
business when you invest, cuando inviertes, it's because you want that you want your 00:01:40
money grow. So you put your money on something and sometime afterwards you get more money than 00:01:48
at the beginning. It's quite complicated to understand this concept. What is a budget? 00:01:59
A budget means presupuesto. And what can a budget do? A budget can help us manage our money 00:02:08
effectively in order to have less expenses and more savings. If you have a budget you can organize 00:02:16
your economy, ¿ok? Se organiza tu economía para tener menos gastos y más ahorro, con lo cual tu dinero 00:02:23
cada vez es más. Nevertheless we have to bear in mind three kinds of expenses, of gastos. The first 00:02:32
one is fixed expenses, los gastos fijos, they are always the same and as an example is the house 00:02:39
rent or the mortgage, la renta de la casa, el alquiler o la hipoteca, todos los meses es la 00:02:47
misma cantidad. Then we have variable expenses, los gastos variables, they are the same but the 00:02:57
amount is different, for example, I don't know, when you go shopping for buying 00:03:04
food to a supermarket and it's something that it's variable because you always go 00:03:14
to the supermarket to buy food but you don't always spend the same quantity of 00:03:19
money in doing the shopping. Unenforcing expenses, los gastos 00:03:26
imprevistos they need to be paid but they are unexpected so for example if you're at home 00:03:32
and suddenly the washing machine is broken you have to buy a new one you didn't expect 00:03:39
that to happen but it happened so you have to pay for a new washing machine okay that's the 00:03:47
and forcing expenses. We can plan our budget. Nuestro presupuesto lo podemos planear. How? 00:03:53
First of all, we have to write down the incomes and the expenses. Incomes means ingresos and 00:04:04
expenses, gastos. So you have there in front of you an image, a picture of a budget, which is 00:04:11
quite easy to understand, so I'm going to read it with you. We have the date, Saturday, 00:04:19
3rd of April. One item, pocket money, la paga. Income, el ingreso, 3 euros. Do I spend something? 00:04:24
No, nothing. So what do I have? 3 euros. Then on Sunday the 4th I cleaned my dad's car. 00:04:33
So my dad gave me 5 euros for cleaning the car. So it's an income, es un ingreso. Did 00:04:44
Did I spend something of that? No. So 3 del pocket money plus 5 del cleaning card, now 00:04:51
I have 8 euros. But I love reading comics a lot, so I pay for a comic subscription, 00:04:58
una suscripción a un cómic, que es lo mismo cada vez, es un gasto fijo, a fixed expense, 00:05:09
cost me 1 euro and 50 so 8 euros that I had minus 150 now I have 6 euros and 50 00:05:14
and so on okay so you can have there is an example of a budget how can I get 00:05:26
more with my money como puedo obtener más por mi dinero but there are some 00:05:34
tips hay algunos truquitos algunos consejos for example you have to know 00:05:39
exactly what you want to buy and how 00:05:44
much money you have. For example, imagine 00:05:46
you want to buy iPhone, an iPhone, iPhone 11 00:05:49
so to buy the iPhone 11 you have to know 00:05:54
how much money you have. Then you have to 00:06:00
make a list of your needs and compare 00:06:04
prices. Imagine you already have the 00:06:06
money to buy the iPhone 11 because you 00:06:09
have saved a lot, has ahorrado muchisimo, you 00:06:12
have saved a lot and now you have the money to buy the iPhone 11, but does the 00:06:14
iPhone 11 cost the same in all the shops? Of course not, so you have to make an 00:06:20
investigation, you have to investigate in which shop can you buy the iPhone 11, in 00:06:29
which shop is the iPhone 11 cheaper, okay? So it is important then to look at these 00:06:35
words, sale, bargain, discount, deal, rebaja, esto es una ganga, hay descuento, ofertas, 00:06:42
because they say to us that we can find some products at half price or cheaper than usual. 00:06:51
Now we are going to talk about businesses, los negocios. 00:07:05
who does what in a business but before saying who does what in a business we 00:07:09
have to know what is a business and how many kinds of businesses can we find 00:07:15
no? Antes de saber quién hace cada cosa en un negocio vamos a saber, vamos a aprender 00:07:20
los diferentes tipos de negocio que hay so here we can find four kinds of 00:07:26
businesses the first one is the family business family business is very easy to 00:07:31
understand because family members work here. Then we have partnership, sociedad. 00:07:36
Two or more people set up a business and share all the expenses and benefits. 00:07:44
Well, this is quite complicated, okay? So I'm going to explain this in Spanish. 00:07:51
Una sociedad quiere decir que dos o más personas quieren montar un negocio. 00:07:55
Para montar un negocio pues tienen que poner dinero de su bolsillo, con lo cual 00:08:01
todas esas personas ponen el mismo dinero y comparten los gastos y los beneficios que 00:08:05
después tendrán de ese negocio. That's a partnership. Then we have sole trader. Sole 00:08:11
trader or propietario minorista runs his or her own business alone. That means that that person 00:08:18
is just one person, nobody else, okay? Just one. It's a sole trader. And last one, franchise, 00:08:26
is the one that you already know private company that pays a fee to the modern company to use the 00:08:33
brand and sell the products for example i have put here two examples zara and burger king 00:08:40
they are both franchised why in how many zaras do you know only one how many burger kings do you 00:08:49
only one? No, of course not. You can find Zara's and Burger King's all over the world. That is 00:08:57
because they are franchises, so they pay a fee, pagan una cuota, to the mother company, a la 00:09:05
empresa principal, in order to use their brand para poder usar su marca y sus productos. Así que 00:09:13
imagine if I want to open a Zara store in the Ponte Molins street, because I have 00:09:20
I have taken a look at a place that I like and that is empty, because what I do is I get in 00:09:28
contact with the Zara center and I say hello I want to open a business, he says to me 00:09:33
okay, you have to pay me as much per month, which would be a fixed expense, I pay him 00:09:39
tanto al mes y a cambio me deja abrir un Zara en la calle Pond de Molins, en el local donde 00:09:46
yo quiero. 00:09:51
That's a franchise. 00:09:53
Now we are ready to talk about who does what in a company, in a business. 00:09:56
A company belongs to a group of people called shareholders, accionistas. 00:10:03
Well, another difficult word, shareholders, accionistas, what's that? 00:10:08
Well, los accionistas son personas que se asocian, que son los dueños de la empresa 00:10:13
¿Por qué? Un poco como pasaba antes en la sociedad, porque ponen el dinero para que esa empresa tire para adelante 00:10:21
Ellos son los dueños, son los accionistas, son los dueños de la empresa, son los que han puesto el dinero 00:10:29
So, how is a company organized? 00:10:35
At the top, we have the CEO, the chief executive officer. 00:10:39
Bueno, pues, this chief executive officer es el director general, director ejecutivo. 00:10:45
He's the boss. 00:10:50
And we think of our school, this person, the CEO of our school, could be Iván. 00:10:52
¿Vale? 00:10:59
Pero esto no es realista porque nuestro cole no es una empresa, 00:10:59
pero vamos a imaginar que lo fuera, ¿vale? 00:11:03
Para que sea más fácil para entenderlo. 00:11:05
So the CEO at school would be Iván 00:11:09
Then below the CEO we have the chief financial officer 00:11:12
This person is responsible for the money 00:11:18
The person responsible for the money at the school is María 00:11:21
Below we have the chief operation officer 00:11:25
This is the responsible for the department directors 00:11:29
This person at the school would be May 00:11:33
then we have department directors there are several departments such as the sales department 00:11:37
finance department human resources department administration information technology marketing 00:11:42
department many departments and they are run by directors the sales director the finance director 00:11:48
the human resource director well these directors at the school would be for example victor victor 00:11:57
or is the director of the TIC department, or Ana, the sexto, she is the Spanish department 00:12:04
director, or me, Natalia, I am the director of the bilingual department, and at the bottom 00:12:13
of the pyramid we can find the managers and staffs, los gerentes y el resto de personal, 00:12:24
They don't have many responsibilities, even though they are also the bosses of somebody 00:12:32
else. 00:12:37
Siempre son jefes de alguien más, aunque tienen otros jefes por encima. 00:12:38
If we think of our school, they can be all the teachers, for example. 00:12:43
And that's all about the organization of a company. 00:12:48
If you want to run a successful business, you have to think several things, which are 00:12:52
very easy and you're going to understand very well. 00:12:59
If you earn more money than you spend, si ganas más dinero del que gastas, you are going 00:13:02
to make a profit, tendrás un beneficio, but the way round, if you spend more money than 00:13:07
you earn, you are going to have a loss, si gastas más dinero del que ganas, tendrás 00:13:14
una pérdida, ok? 00:13:20
So that's very easy. 00:13:23
You have a picture in front of you, an image of June accounts, ice cream sales, yes, you 00:13:24
have money in, money out, balance, and then you have something called startup costs, and 00:13:32
an arrow saying that these are the gastos iniciales. 00:13:39
Gastos iniciales is something you must pay to get your business started, ¿vale? 00:13:43
to start a business there are always some initial expenses that I have to pay 00:13:48
always, as I have told you before I had my place on Pond de Molins de Zara street 00:13:54
but it is an empty place, my initial expenses, what will it be? I will have to paint it, I will have to 00:14:00
put it nice, I will have to buy the furniture to be able to put the t-shirts, the 00:14:06
perchas, no? Todo eso. Tendré que contratar la luz, el agua, ¿vale? Then we have ongoing costs. 00:14:12
This is a synonym for fixed expenses, ¿ok? Fixed expenses are gastos fijos, so they are things I 00:14:21
have to pay all year. Por ejemplo, en mi caso de mi tienda de zara en la calle Pondemolins, 00:14:29
Unos fixed expenses que voy a tener siempre 00:14:35
Pues va a ser mi factura de la luz, del gas, de la electricidad 00:14:38
También voy a tener que pagar el alquiler, todo eso 00:14:45
Ah, y pagar también a la gente que trabaje en mi tienda 00:14:49
Tendré que pagarle un salario 00:14:52
Unvariable costs, los gastos variables 00:14:54
They may change according to how many sales the business makes 00:14:58
pues si resulta que estoy vendiendo muchas camisetas amarillas 00:15:01
porque este año el amarillo está de moda 00:15:06
pues tendré que comprar más camisetas amarillas 00:15:08
son variable expenses of variable costs 00:15:12
and that's all 00:15:16
we have finished with these units 00:15:18
I know it's a bit complicated to understand all the words 00:15:20
but please if you have questions 00:15:25
if you don't understand something 00:15:28
let me know okay you have this video for you and you can watch it as many times as you want 00:15:30
or as many times as you need okay so bye bye thank you for listening to me 00:15:38
Autor/es:
NATALIA MARTÍN DÍAZ
Subido por:
Natalia M.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial
Visualizaciones:
37
Fecha:
13 de mayo de 2020 - 14:18
Visibilidad:
Clave
Centro:
CP INF-PRI MESONERO ROMANOS
Duración:
15′ 47″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1366x768 píxeles
Tamaño:
319.94 MBytes

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