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1º ESO/TRAITS OF CIVILISATIONS - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 16 de octubre de 2020 por Alicia M.

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Hi, everyone. Welcome to Civilization. 00:00:10
Actually, you've probably been living in a civilization for your entire life if you're watching this. 00:00:14
So, what is it? Why have different peoples formed civilizations? 00:00:21
There are traits that all civilizations have. 00:00:26
To avoid any confusion, civilization discussed here is different than the modern idea of behaving in a civilized manner. 00:00:30
So, it's not about queuing or standing in line, manners, or attending cultural performances. 00:00:38
The first civilizations formed in Africa and Asia. 00:00:45
Before civilization, people were often moving to find sources of food along rivers. 00:00:50
And free Wi-Fi. 00:00:56
Wait, there was no Wi-Fi back then. 00:00:57
Fresh water, not Wi-Fi, was especially important as it was impossible to live without drinking. 00:01:01
but it also provided food, transportation, and protection from enemies because rivers are harder 00:01:08
to cross than land. People migrated from Africa through the Middle East and then throughout the 00:01:14
world, settling near water in search of the best places to live. And so water was also important 00:01:20
for another discovery that led to civilization, agriculture. Agriculture, you might call it 00:01:28
farming, was discovered independently, and it was the start of the earliest civilizations in Africa, 00:01:35
Asia, and the Americas. Successful civilizations provided food for everyone and stayed in the same 00:01:40
place. After all, moving farmland isn't possible, and even now, moving is never fun. To protect the 00:01:47
farms and the people, civilization built cities. Walls kept out enemies, and cities sheltered 00:01:59
people. Cities were able to grow larger as farms fed more people. Civilization also created 00:02:05
specialized jobs. Before, it was everyone's job to hunt and gather food, but farmers could just 00:02:13
grow food for everyone, which allowed other people to do different jobs. Specialized jobs 00:02:20
are another characteristic of civilization. When everyone made tools and hunted and gathered, 00:02:26
technology advanced slowly. With people in specialized jobs, those that only made tools 00:02:32
art, buildings, writings, and so on, became much better at them. 00:02:39
Writing is another important characteristic of civilization. With writing, civilizations were 00:02:46
able to pass down information to other generations to build upon. Writing was able to put laws in 00:02:54
stone, but often in clay, so that these laws could be recorded for everyone to see. 00:03:00
Laws in government also were a characteristic of civilization. 00:03:11
They tried to make rules for cities that made life more peaceful. 00:03:15
The Code of Hammurabi is the most famous set of these laws and is one of the oldest pieces 00:03:19
of readable language on earth. 00:03:24
The Code of Hammurabi has 282 laws about property, relationships, and work, with punishments 00:03:27
depending on social status, slaves, or free people. 00:03:34
Many ancient civilizations had slaves and they were often captured during wars with 00:03:42
other cities. 00:03:46
Within civilizations, there was a social structure that defined how people acted with each other. 00:03:48
Slaves, farmers, merchants, artists, religious leaders, and royalty all had different roles 00:03:54
and how to talk to each other, or if they could even talk to each other at all. 00:04:01
People and civilizations shared common cultures. 00:04:12
Culture is many things – people's language, dress, arts, food, manners, and beliefs – that 00:04:16
are all common among the group. 00:04:23
Cultures develop naturally, everything is built on what others have done before, and 00:04:26
climate and environment also influence culture. 00:04:30
create art by looking and learning from art and artists around them. Food choices come from what 00:04:34
is available in the area, clothes are created to be practical in the weather, and social media if 00:04:41
there was free Wi-Fi. Oh yeah, there was still no Wi-Fi. Belief systems were also created within 00:04:47
civilizations. Beliefs about ideas like nature, seasons, flood, and drought were part of a 00:05:02
civilization's culture, and these stories often were called myths. Myths told stories about how 00:05:09
life on earth began, why the sun rises, and even what happens after death. These systems also tried 00:05:15
to teach people about what was thought to be good behavior. Things like listening to your parents, 00:05:23
cleaning up after yourself, and not stealing your neighbor's wi-fi. Well, more like not stealing in 00:05:29
general. Belief systems created rituals for life events like birth, adulthood, marriage, and death, 00:05:35
as well as rituals to create good fortune, better health, and even tried to make it rain. 00:05:43
These belief systems were very powerful. They gave people feelings of being in control, 00:05:50
a sense of purpose, and being part of something larger than themselves. 00:05:56
These belief systems could also cause disharmony. 00:06:00
They sometimes hurt people, and they didn't always tolerate new ideas. 00:06:03
Civilization started when many people were able to grow their own food. 00:06:10
So they stayed together in one place and then created ways to keep many people together peacefully. 00:06:14
The traits of civilization once again are cities, specialized jobs, writing, laws and 00:06:19
government, social structure, arts and culture, and a belief system or religion. 00:06:27
Throughout the world, different groups have used these same ideas. 00:06:35
Even where you live today has these six traits. 00:06:39
Goodbye for now. 00:06:44
Thanks for joining us. 00:06:45
Subido por:
Alicia M.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
280
Fecha:
16 de octubre de 2020 - 19:27
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES LA SENDA
Duración:
06′ 54″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1920x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
183.12 MBytes

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