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Characteristics of the Interwar Period

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Subido el 16 de marzo de 2020 por Ruben P.

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Hello everyone, we are going to start with the Unit 7. The title is the Interwar Period. So we are going to talk about Europe, the evolution of the different countries in Europe from 1918, it means the end of the First World War, until 1939, the beginning of the Second World War. 00:00:00
Okay, remember within this period we are going to have the Second Spanish Republic and the Spanish Civil War. 00:00:20
Remember the Spanish Civil War started in 1939. 00:00:28
So let's see what we are going to study in this unit. 00:00:31
So first we are going to talk about the characteristics of this interwar period. 00:00:37
It means the characteristics in general in Europe in this period. 00:00:40
Okay, after that we are going to see what is happening in the USA. 00:00:45
Because after the First World War, the USA is going to be the most important economy in the world. 00:00:48
So Europe is going to lose power in favor of the USA, in favor of the United States. 00:00:55
In third place, what we are going to have is the crisis of 1929. 00:01:04
So this one is going to be a little bit more difficult, but we will study it slowly and you'll understand it. 00:01:11
the fascism in it in italy we are going to talk about mussolini and we are going to talk about 00:01:16
the the fascist regime also we are going to talk about nazism in germany how hitler is going to 00:01:23
reach power we are going to talk about the nazist regime itself it means the characteristics of a 00:01:29
totalitarian system you'll see that we are going to see a totalitarian system not only in nazi 00:01:36
Germany, but also in Stalin's Soviet Union. It means these two countries are going to have a 00:01:43
totalitarian system, even though they are going to have two different political ideologies or 00:01:52
systems, okay? But they are going to establish this specific system that is a totalitarian system 00:02:02
in the nazi regime and in stalin's dictatorship okay so we are going to see these seven levels 00:02:07
these seven these seven ideas these seven points and we are going to start today with the 00:02:13
characteristics of the interwar period we are going to see what happened in europe after the 00:02:18
first world war okay so let's check these characteristics the first thing is that we 00:02:22
are going to see global economic imbalances what is this what is the meaning of this it means that 00:02:28
we are not going to have a period of economic growth after the first world war okay so who is 00:02:34
going to benefit from the first world war the usa the the united states why basically because the 00:02:40
usa is going to participate in the first world war at the end second because the usa is going 00:02:49
to participate in the second world war but it's going to fight in europe not in within its own 00:02:55
territory so they are not going to suffer the consequences of the war also 00:03:01
because the number of soldiers is going to be a small in comparison with the 00:03:06
other countries like Britain or like Germany for example so first none of 00:03:12
his land had been destroyed remember this is the map of the First World War 00:03:19
the front sat here in the in the Western Front and in the Eastern Front which 00:03:22
countries are going to suffer the First World War France the UK Belgium the 00:03:29
Netherlands Germany Italy Hungary the Balkans and Russia but not the USA so 00:03:36
the USA is a strong country with a strong economy and Europe is going to 00:03:46
start depending on the USA before the USA entered in the war these countries 00:03:50
like Great Britain or France they were asking loans to the USA it means they were asking for 00:03:57
money to the USA to buy new weapons to buy new new bullets etc so the idea is France and Great 00:04:03
Britain or Europe in general now are going to depend on the USA economy okay second the human 00:04:12
losses, as I said, were pretty small. It means they were a few, not that much. If we compare 00:04:21
them, for example, in the countries that belong to the Entente, as you can see, the US lost 00:04:29
a 2% of the total. Most of them were Russians, also French and British. If you check the 00:04:35
makes sense, right? French, British and Russian. Remember all this territory 00:04:43
being occupied, advancing to Moscow by the Germans and the 00:04:50
Austro-Hungarians. So that's the idea, okay? We are going to have a small 00:04:59
human losses okay the next step would be that the products of the usa are going to invade the global 00:05:07
markets what does it mean imagine before the war before the first world war we were talking about 00:05:16
imperialism about europeans creating different colonies and we were seeing we were or i was 00:05:22
explaining that they created these colonies in order to have cheap raw materials cheap workers 00:05:29
etc so what we are going to see now is these countries that they have been fighting in the 00:05:35
first world war okay they have used all their products all their resources in order to fight 00:05:42
in the war so what is going to happen after the first world war the the countries the european 00:05:49
countries are destroyed they were controlling the economic the economic 00:05:55
characteristics or the the transactions economic transactions in the world and now it's going to 00:06:01
be the usa that is powerful that has defeated germany and austral hungary that has not lost 00:06:09
that much people and their lands are has not been destroyed so the thing is they have their 00:06:16
production their industries okay intact so they are perfect they can use them so they are going 00:06:25
to start producing a lot and they are going to start selling in the global markets so if europe 00:06:31
is destroyed and they cannot sell products or produce products who is going to produce these 00:06:37
products the usa because they have not suffered the destruction of their lands and they have lost 00:06:42
small humans, but a small number of humans, okay? So, that's the idea. The USA is in a good position 00:06:48
in the international sphere because the USA has not been damaged by the First World War. On the 00:06:58
contrary, it's taking advantage of it, selling their products in the global markets after this 00:07:08
this conflict also the u.s is going to become the world's leader leading economic power economic 00:07:14
power it means as they are selling all over the world as they are controlling the global markets 00:07:22
they are going to be the most important economic power in the world more than the soviet union 00:07:28
more than Great Britain, more than France, etc. 00:07:36
For example, just some data, 44.8% of the industrial production in the world is American. 00:07:39
So the United States are producing most of the industries in the world. 00:07:49
Before the First World War was Great Britain, Germany and France. 00:07:54
Now, after the First World War, when these three countries lost most of their industries, 00:07:59
is the United States the one that is producing the vast majority of the industrial products. 00:08:06
So that's why the United States is going to be the strongest economic power after the First World War. 00:08:15
Second, these European countries are going to become poorer. 00:08:24
It means they are not going to have that much money because most of the lands, the European lands, have been destroyed because most of the human losses are going to be British, French, etc. 00:08:28
But not only for that, the consequences of this is that the agricultural industrial production is going to decline, is going to tend to decline. 00:08:39
remember the United States for example related with industrial production they are going to 00:08:51
produce almost the 50% of the world production okay so it means this situation led the US to 00:08:56
be the most important or the most powerful economic power and the European countries to 00:09:05
become poorer why because their land has been destroyed so they do not produce the agricultural 00:09:11
production is going to be a decrease as well as the industrial production also 00:09:16
what is the problem with Europe I said before during the first world war the 00:09:22
European countries need money in order to pay the man the ammunition or to pay 00:09:28
the the weapons who they are going to ask the money to whom to the US so the 00:09:33
US is going to provide with loans to the European countries but after the war 00:09:41
what is the duty of the European countries to give back the money to the 00:09:46
US so thanks to that they are even poorer why because their agricultural 00:09:51
industrial production has been decreased vale in comparison with the United 00:09:58
States but also they need to pay back all the loans that the US give to them 00:10:04
this is the money they need to give back so if you see france needs to give this amount of money to 00:10:12
the u.s great britain to the u.s france to great britain and other countries to the u.s great 00:10:18
britain and france so all this money that needs to give to be given back to the countries at the 00:10:24
end is going to go back to the u.s you see this goes to the u.s this goes to great britain but 00:10:32
part of it goes to the US this goes to France but part of it goes to the US and to Great Britain 00:10:37
so and so on so it means the US during the first world war was giving loans it means money to Great 00:10:43
Britain to France to other countries to keep fighting okay but after the war they need to 00:10:50
give back to the US all these loans so that's why Europe is even poorer because the agricultural 00:10:56
industrial production has diminished or has declined and also because they need 00:11:05
to pay back these loans okay finally we need to understand that this relation 00:11:09
between the US and all the European countries is going to affect the crisis 00:11:18
in 1929 it means when this crisis started in the US as all these countries 00:11:24
are in debt with the US 00:11:32
or depends on the money, the loans 00:11:34
of the US. When the US is in 00:11:36
crisis, this crisis is going to spread to 00:11:38
Great Britain, to France, and to 00:11:40
other countries in Europe. It means 00:11:42
Germany 00:11:44
even Spain. 00:11:47
So that's the idea. The global economy 00:11:50
was linked, unida, 00:11:52
and dependent on, 00:11:54
dependia, on the USA. 00:11:56
As a result, the economic crisis 00:11:58
in 1929 had a 00:12:00
global effect, it means as the crisis started in the US and all these countries were in 00:12:02
debt with the US, this crisis affected Great Britain, France and these other countries. 00:12:09
So this is the first point, to understand the economic situation in the European world. 00:12:19
So the first one is the US benefited from the First World War and the situation of Europe 00:12:25
that is even poorer, it's becoming poorer. 00:12:32
The second aspect that we need to see related with Europe after the First World War is the 00:12:38
effects of the Russian Revolution. 00:12:45
The Russian Revolution is going to be really important in Europe because it's going to 00:12:47
be an option for socialist and communist parties in the european countries it means for example 00:12:53
in great britain the communist party is going to say okay if the revolution has succeeded in russia 00:13:00
this revolution can also succeed in great britain so what we are going to see is this russian 00:13:06
revolution okay affecting to the european countries as a possibility this revolution 00:13:13
is showing to the european countries that the revolution is possible and it's possible this 00:13:20
revolution to succeed okay so let's go step by step the first thing is you need to understand 00:13:25
that this revolution is going to be seen as possible because the economic and social situation 00:13:33
in europe is critical okay remember after the first world war we have seen great britain is 00:13:40
in debt, and France is in debt with the U.S. Also, the agricultural and industrial production 00:13:48
has decreased. They are in an important economic crisis. Also, if you think of the social aspect, 00:13:52
many people, many different people have died in the First World War. So, there is a social 00:13:59
and economic crisis. What is going to happen in these countries, in Great Britain, France, 00:14:08
and Germany, and Italy? They are going to see this revolution as possible, and they 00:14:12
are going to carry out different strikes demonstrations etc in order to try to 00:14:16
carry out a revolution like the Russian okay so the idea is this economic and 00:14:22
social crisis in this European countries after the first world war is going to 00:14:31
lead to a possible revolution this revolution are going to fail but they 00:14:36
are going that the socialist the socialist parties and communist parties 00:14:42
are going to fight to carry out a revolution like the Russian Revolution 00:14:47
for example this is in Germany okay these are the revolutionaries using 00:14:52
different machine guns remember created during the second industrial revolution 00:14:58
okay before the industrial revolution there is no machine guns so now they can 00:15:03
use them okay thanks to that they are fighting okay in the different in the on the streets in 00:15:08
the cities in order to achieve power and carry out a revolution like the russian one okay they 00:15:15
want to carry out a revolution a violent revolution a military coup in order to have a revolution to 00:15:23
make possible 00:15:32
to establish a socialist 00:15:34
or a communist country 00:15:36
in Great Britain, 00:15:38
France, Germany, etc. 00:15:40
What is the answer of the 00:15:43
states? What is the answer of the governments? 00:15:44
Or how 00:15:47
they are going to face 00:15:48
these revolutionary movements? 00:15:49
They are going to end with the 00:15:52
demonstrations and they are going 00:15:54
to end with the 00:15:56
trade unions' rights. It means 00:15:57
they are going to end with the right to free speech 00:16:00
they are going to end with the right of free association 00:16:05
they are going to end with the 00:16:08
I don't know, with the paro 00:16:10
they are going to end with the 00:16:12
they are going to prohibit or to banish the demonstrations or the strikes 00:16:14
so what they are going to use is the army and the police 00:16:18
in order to control these revolutionary movements 00:16:21
these revolutionary movements that they are looking to the Russian revolution 00:16:25
okay and they are going to try to establish a communist system using the same way the russians 00:16:29
the bolsheviks has used in russia the third one is this union socialist and communist parties are 00:16:38
going to become stronger you can say okay if they are stronger how they are going to be defeated 00:16:47
well they are going to become stronger but not strong enough to defeat the government okay 00:16:53
Because the government has the army, has the police on his side, okay? 00:16:59
The socialist and communist parties are going to have weapons, yes. 00:17:04
They are going to fight with these weapons and they could succeed and establish a communist revolution. 00:17:09
Well, they tried and maybe they could, but they didn't have enough support, social support, to carry out the revolution, okay? 00:17:15
So they are going to fail. 00:17:24
They are going to be stronger, okay, thanks to this Russian revolution, because these ideologies, okay, have succeeded in Russia, and they said, okay, socialism, communist society is possible in Russia, so it's possible in Great Britain, France, and Germany. 00:17:26
But it's not going to succeed, okay? 00:17:45
They are going to be stronger because the population is going to see that a revolution like the Russian is possible, but they are not going to succeed, okay? 00:17:48
Finally, you need to think that democracy was the system in Great Britain or France before the First World War. 00:18:00
And against democracy, we are going to have the proletarians and also the bourgeoisie that they are going to fear the revolution. 00:18:08
okay let's stop a little here and let's think of this okay imagine we are in great britain 00:18:16
in 1919 okay before the after the first world war okay we are going to have socialist and 00:18:24
communist party that they are really strong because the population has seen that the russian 00:18:31
revolution is possible that the revolution is possible so they are going to fight for the 00:18:36
revolution meanwhile the governments are going to react they are going to face this revolutionary 00:18:39
movements using weapons using the army using the everything they could okay the police etc okay 00:18:47
so of course the democracy is attacking the revolution so it means the proletariats are 00:18:55
only going to support a revolution okay if the democracy is not supporting the the trade union 00:19:02
rights is not supporting to let them complain to carry out demonstrations they are only find 00:19:11
acceptable the revolution in the other way the bourgeoisie that is supposed to support the 00:19:18
democracy is going to say i do not trust the democracy because democracy led to the russian 00:19:25
revolution remember karensky he established a parliament a parliament the duma he established 00:19:31
an elections etc and finally he failed and he was the country finally 00:19:37
the country finally ended in a communist in a communist state okay so what they are going to 00:19:44
say is okay i cannot try the democracy i cannot trust democracy because the revolution is going 00:19:55
to end with it so what i'm going to do is to support all the people that using weapons are 00:20:01
going to fight the proletarians so if we look at the society for example in france in 1919 we are 00:20:08
going to see proletarians that they are not going to support democracy they want to support the 00:20:16
revolution the bourgeoisie that they are supposed to support the democracy that they are not going 00:20:21
to support the democracy 00:20:27
either, they are going to support 00:20:29
movements like fascism 00:20:31
that they are going 00:20:33
to fight against the revolution 00:20:35
and proletariats 00:20:36
by force, using violence 00:20:38
the last part is 00:20:42
thanks to this situation 00:20:45
like the democracy has not 00:20:47
has not the support 00:20:49
of the proletarians and the democracy 00:20:51
not having 00:20:53
the support of the bourgeoisie 00:20:54
there is going to start a crisis the crisis of the democracy the crisis of this system 00:20:56
and there are going to be two options in the democratic in the democratic countries 00:21:03
or is a country with a strong democracy or is a country with a weak democracy okay 00:21:08
in the countries with a strong democracy in in countries where democracy or parliamentarism 00:21:15
was established one two hundred years ago okay in these countries like Great Britain there is 00:21:24
not going to be problems socialists okay socialists are going to be integrated inside the political 00:21:31
system the democratic system it means socialism was part of the system thanks to the universal 00:21:40
suffrage it means in the countries where 00:21:47
parliamentarism was stronger because this 00:21:51
parliamentarism was established like 200 00:21:54
years ago like Great Britain socialism is 00:21:57
not going to support the revolution 00:22:01
socialism is going to compete with the 00:22:03
other countries in the elections in a 00:22:06
democratic elections but for example 00:22:10
France Belgium the Netherlands United 00:22:13
kingdom sweden norway denmark sweden uh czechoslovakia and albania are different so we 00:22:15
are going to talk about these countries remember spain is different spain is not going to have a 00:22:21
parliamentary parliamentarism since 200 years ago i mean a strong parliamentarism we are going to 00:22:26
have a parliament but it's not going to be strong enough okay the other type of countries are those 00:22:33
with little parliamentary tradition 00:22:39
like all these countries 00:22:41
they are going to 00:22:43
establish parliaments or democracies 00:22:45
after the first world war 00:22:47
so what is going to happen 00:22:48
these countries where 00:22:51
the democracy is weak 00:22:53
the governments are going to 00:22:55
tend to establish an 00:22:59
authoritarian political system 00:23:00
it means a dictatorship 00:23:03
Italy 00:23:05
Germany, Poland 00:23:06
all of these countries are going to 00:23:09
become dictatorships 00:23:11
so the idea is 00:23:16
in the countries after the first world war 00:23:18
in the countries with strong democracies 00:23:21
they are going to keep the democracy 00:23:23
and socialism is going to be part of the political system 00:23:25
while in these countries with a weak 00:23:29
parliamentary tradition it means where the 00:23:33
democracy has been set after the first world war 00:23:36
in these countries 00:23:40
what they are going to tend is to establish 00:23:42
dictatorships 00:23:45
it means 00:23:47
remember, proletarians 00:23:48
are going to oppose to democracy and bourgeoisies 00:23:51
are going to oppose to democracy 00:23:53
in those countries where democracy is really 00:23:54
strong, no problem 00:23:57
these proletarians, the socialists, are going to 00:23:58
be part of the democracy 00:24:01
but in those where there is 00:24:02
no strong democracy 00:24:05
the proletarians are going to fight for the revolution 00:24:06
while the bourgeoisie is going to fight against the revolution. 00:24:09
What is the best way to end with the revolution? 00:24:13
Establishing a dictatorship, establishing an authoritarian political system. 00:24:16
So this is the reality in Europe after the First World War and before the Second World War. 00:24:22
Okay? So what we have is this economic and social crisis, this threat, this revolutionary movement threatening democracy, and also the bourgeoisie that is going to react against the revolution by imposing authoritarian political systems. 00:24:32
and this situation is going to be even worse 00:24:51
thanks to the crisis of 1929 00:24:54
and that's it 00:25:00
Autor/es:
Rubén Peinado González
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
261
Fecha:
16 de marzo de 2020 - 21:55
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
25′ 04″
Relación de aspecto:
2.05:1
Resolución:
1920x936 píxeles
Tamaño:
70.98 MBytes

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