Activa JavaScript para disfrutar de los vídeos de la Mediateca.
The October revolution of 1917 - Contenido educativo
Ajuste de pantallaEl ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:
Hello class. Today we are going to explain the second revolution in 1917. I'm talking
00:00:00
about the October Revolution because remember that in this revolution we are going to see
00:00:10
how the Bolsheviks managed to overthrow the provisional government because around the
00:00:19
month of February and March Lenin had almost complete control of the Soviets. Actually
00:00:27
in April in 1917 Lenin and the Bolsheviks didn't have a specific plan about the revolution.
00:00:39
They had a confused idea, a jumbled idea about the economy and society. But when Lenin came
00:00:51
from exile from Switzerland and he managed to arrive to Russia in April, at that moment
00:01:01
Lenin had a clear idea in mind. He wanted power and for this reason he set down the
00:01:11
April Thesis. In order to get the power he promised everything to the Russian people.
00:01:20
He wanted to establish a government of workers and peasants. He was in favor of signing a
00:01:31
peace treaty with the Germans because remember that the First World War was very unpopular
00:01:39
among Russian people. He advocated distributing the land among peasants and also he was in
00:01:46
favor of giving workers control of the factories. He was in favor of nationalizing the banks
00:01:59
and recognizing the nationalities of the Russian Empire. Because during the time of
00:02:09
the Tsars the most important identity in the Russian Empire was the Russian identity obviously.
00:02:16
But there were others inside of the Russian Empire such as the Latvians, Lithuanians,
00:02:25
Poles. All of these identities were banned inside of the Russian Empire. But Lenin promised to
00:02:32
recognize all nationalities in the old Russian Empire so as to get more support for his own
00:02:44
revolution. So the Bolsheviks were preparing the revolution very very soon in the early
00:02:56
month of October and actually on the 7th of October the Provisional Government tried to
00:03:05
implement a truly democratic system in Russia. For this reason Kerensky who was at that moment
00:03:14
the most important figure in the Provisional Government organized a pre-parliament to give
00:03:23
a voice to all political parties in Russia in order to create a truly democratic system.
00:03:29
However, the Bolsheviks got only 25% of the seats although they won a majority in cities
00:03:38
and in the industrial regions. And fearing that those groups opposing to the revolution
00:03:48
could take over the Duma, Lenin at that moment dissolved the assembly and put an end to political
00:03:56
pluralism in the new Soviet Russia. So for this reason at that moment when the Bolsheviks lost
00:04:04
the election in the pre-parliament they established a secret resolution. They would
00:04:13
take the power through a military uprising. For this reason the Red Guards were a militia
00:04:22
which was organized by the Soviets on the 25th of October in 1917. As we can see here in the
00:04:34
image they took over the Winter Palace. So the Red Guards, as I said before, who were members
00:04:47
of the Bolshevik party and who were created a militia, took over the Winter Palace and they
00:04:58
received at that moment the help from the soldiers because the warship Aurora managed to bomb the
00:05:07
Winter Palace so as to give the chance to the Red Guards to take over the Winter Palace. For this
00:05:18
reason for some historians this revolution was in reality a popular revolution because the peasants,
00:05:27
workers and the soldiers supported the revolution. But for others the revolution was in reality a
00:05:34
coup because the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government. Very soon the revolution
00:05:43
from St. Petersburg spread to Moscow and other regions in the country and the Bolsheviks managed
00:05:51
to get the power in the Second Congress of the Soviets when the Bolsheviks took over the
00:06:01
government and they organized a workers' government and the main leaders of this government were
00:06:09
obviously Lenin, Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. However, many many communists were disenchanted
00:06:18
by this decision because the communists instead of promoting a truly democratic state they took
00:06:30
control of the country and they organized a one-party state so only one party took the decisions
00:06:40
at that moment in Russia. So for this reason many members of the communist party were disenchanted
00:06:49
and 50% of members of the communist party left the party after a few months. So at that moment
00:06:58
the new government decreed the first revolutionary measures. For example they put an end to the war
00:07:09
when they signed the famous Treaty of Brest-Litovsk together with the Germans on the 3rd of March
00:07:18
in 1918. In reality the Brest-Litovsk Treaty was a dead end for the communist revolution
00:07:27
because the dream of a European revolution ended with the Brest-Litovsk Treaty. So here we have
00:07:39
Trotsky together with the Germans and when Trotsky and the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty
00:07:50
of Brest-Litovsk Russia lost the territories of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine
00:07:56
and some parts of Romania because the Bolsheviks would prefer to consolidate the revolution
00:08:08
in Russia instead of promoting the revolution all over Europe. So I'm about to finish. The Bolsheviks
00:08:17
set down a new constitution in Russia and it was true that they gave large estates of land
00:08:28
to the peasants. The land owners lost their lands and common peasants got this land but at the same
00:08:39
time some families were owners of small proportion of land actually they lost also their
00:08:48
lands. So poor peasants got the land from the land owners but at the same time families who
00:08:59
were owners of small proportion of land lost also their properties. At that moment the Bolsheviks
00:09:07
also gave the factories to the workers but in reality the Soviets which were controlled by
00:09:16
the Bolshevik party in reality controlled the factories. The Bolsheviks nationalized the banks
00:09:25
and the ways of and the means of transport but what does it mean nationalized? Nationalized means
00:09:33
at that moment that it meant at that moment that the Bolshevik party in reality was the owner of the
00:09:43
banks because they became the owners of the estate and as a consequence of that the banks and the
00:09:54
means of transport were falling apart because the workers were not ready to run the economy.
00:10:03
And finally it was true that at the end of the first world war workers of the world created the
00:10:14
third international in theory to promote the revolution all over Europe but as I said before
00:10:23
with the signing of the treaty of Brest-Litovsk the dream of a revolution ended because from that
00:10:32
moment the communists of the world were not ready to expand the revolution because the Bolsheviks in
00:10:47
Russia would prefer to consolidate the revolution in his own country more than promoting the
00:10:57
revolution all over Europe. So as a consequence of that Russia became weaker and very soon Germany
00:11:04
after the first world war became stronger above all above all when the Nazis came into power and
00:11:17
they promoted a huge army so from the axis of the first world war all of these decisions regrettably
00:11:28
ended in another war in the second one but this is another story that I will explain
00:11:39
in the following lessons. Thank you so much for your attention. Bye-bye!
00:11:46
- Autor/es:
- Luis Horrillo Sánchez
- Subido por:
- Luis H.
- Licencia:
- Dominio público
- Visualizaciones:
- 189
- Fecha:
- 5 de enero de 2024 - 12:43
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES CERVANTES
- Duración:
- 11′ 58″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.67:1
- Resolución:
- 2562x1538 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 31.79 MBytes