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Launch Catapult
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NASA Sci Files segment explaining how the on-board steam-powered launch catapult provides the force necessary to give a plane the speed and lift it needs to take off from the flight deck runway of the USS Theodore Roosevelt.
Can you believe we are actually flying on a plane to a ship?
00:00:00
It's hard to believe the USS Theodore Roosevelt is 80 miles off the coast of Virginia.
00:00:03
Can't wait. It's going to be some landing.
00:00:08
That was just an awesome landing.
00:00:30
Can you believe that we landed on an aircraft carrier while it was moving?
00:00:38
I'm not sure it was so awesome. My legs still won't stop shaking.
00:00:42
Just look at the size of this ship.
00:00:46
I know. It's huge.
00:00:49
Yeah, but the runway is so short.
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I know.
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Hi. Welcome aboard USS Theodore Roosevelt.
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I'm Lieutenant John Oliveira, your escort officer.
00:00:56
You guys must be the treehouse detectives that I've heard so much about.
00:00:59
Yes, sir. We are the treehouse detectives.
00:01:02
We've never seen such a big ship before.
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Well, Theodore Roosevelt is a big ship.
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It's home to 5,000 sailors. It weighs 97,000 tons.
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And if you put it on its end, it would be as tall as the Empire State Building.
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In fact, it has everything we need on board.
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Everything?
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Everything. Gyms, hospital. We even have a dentist.
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And Gidon.
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What is Gidon?
00:01:24
Gidon's snack food.
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All right. I could live here.
00:01:27
What is this area called?
00:01:29
This is the flight deck, and it's 4 1⁄2 acres.
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This is where we launch the 71 airplanes we carry.
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You can launch airplanes off this small runway?
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He means we're going to be launched off this runway.
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We can launch them pretty quick, and we use that to help with some catapults.
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That's how we do it.
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What are catapults?
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Well, catapults are what we use to help launch our airplanes.
00:01:48
But let's go down to V-2 Division and talk to CNG Spinner,
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and he can explain that to us in a little bit more detail.
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Hello, Senior Chief Spinner.
00:02:02
We need to learn more about the force of thrust.
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Can you tell us about your catapults and how they create thrust?
00:02:06
Yes, I can.
00:02:09
A catapult is actually two sets of cylinders that run 300 feet long,
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and within each cylinder is a piston,
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and connected to the piston is a shuttle that extends above the level of the flight deck.
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Not a space shuttle.
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No, the shuttle is actually a metal object that connects to the aircraft
00:02:26
that we use when we're launching airplanes on the flight deck.
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The shuttle can actually take an airplane from zero to over 160 miles an hour in about two seconds.
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Now that's fast.
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And a lot of thrust.
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But what makes the shuttle go so fast?
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When we want to fire the catapult, steam actually enters the power cylinders
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and it pushes the piston, cylinder, shuttle, and the aircraft
00:02:49
to the opposite end of the catapult at a very high rate of speed.
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Steam is really powerful stuff.
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But where does steam come from on a ship?
00:02:58
Well, on a carrier, the steam comes from the ship's power plant.
00:03:00
That power plant consists of two nuclear reactors.
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Nuclear reactors? Wow, they must create major power.
00:03:07
We wonder what it felt like to be launched off such a short runway off the deck.
00:03:14
So we contacted a real F-14 pilot.
00:03:18
It's like a violent, somewhat violent roller coaster ride.
00:03:21
You get thrown back in your seat and in about two seconds you're going from zero to 150 miles an hour.
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Bye, thanks.
00:03:31
Thank you.
00:03:32
Bye-bye, enjoy your cat shot.
00:03:33
That's really weird. It couldn't be him.
00:03:36
What?
00:03:44
I think I just shot some video of Dr. D.
00:03:45
Look over there. Call him.
00:03:47
Dr. D!
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Huh? What are you guys doing here?
00:03:51
Well, what are you doing here?
00:03:54
Just doing a little research.
00:03:56
So are we, on thrust.
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What have you learned?
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We learned today that the plane has to be going about 160 miles per hour to get lift,
00:04:00
and the catapults help the plane go that fast very quickly because of the short runway.
00:04:05
Dr. D, how does this compare to a regular airport runway?
00:04:09
An airport runway is 10,000 feet long, but a carrier's catapult runway is only 300 feet long.
00:04:13
That means the ratio of the airport runway to the catapult runway would be 10,000 to 300.
00:04:20
If you do the math and divide the airport runway length by the catapult runway length,
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you will find that the airport runway is about 33 times longer than the carrier's catapult runway.
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On a carrier, the catapult provides immediate thrust for the plane to take off that quickly.
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Isaac Newton's laws of motion tell us that if you want to speed an object up, you have to apply force to it.
00:04:42
That makes sense. I have to push really hard on the pedals of my bicycle to make it go faster, quicker.
00:04:47
Very good. What would happen if you were pulling a wagon with your kid sister in it?
00:04:53
That would be a lot harder.
00:04:58
Isaac Newton also told us it takes more force if you want to speed up more mass.
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In math, that's called a direct variation.
00:05:04
Wow, math is everywhere.
00:05:07
Oh, so that means if the plane is bigger or has more fuel or more cargo,
00:05:09
it needs greater thrust to make it to its takeoff speed by the end of the runway.
00:05:14
Watch this.
00:05:18
Wow, your plane really spun. I don't think we want our plane to do that.
00:05:21
That's called roll.
00:05:25
What many planes do to avoid roll is to have what's called dihedral angle.
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That means having the wings tipped up like this in a V.
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That made a big difference.
00:05:37
Looks like our plane's ready to take off.
00:05:41
I can't wait to try the catapult.
00:05:43
It's going to be so awesome. Let's go.
00:05:45
Hold on. Here we go.
00:05:47
- Valoración:
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- Idioma/s:
- Niveles educativos:
- ▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
- Nivel Intermedio
- Autor/es:
- NASA LaRC Office of Education
- Subido por:
- EducaMadrid
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
- Visualizaciones:
- 354
- Fecha:
- 28 de mayo de 2007 - 15:32
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Enlace Relacionado:
- NASAs center for distance learning
- Duración:
- 05′ 56″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
- Resolución:
- 480x360 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 35.62 MBytes
