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All about CRISPR - Contenido educativo
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En esta presetación hablamos de la tecnología CRISPR de modo que todos sepan qué es, para qué sirve, cómo funciona y cuál será su futuro.
Hi, we are Alejandro Loeda and Carlos Garcia, and we are going to talk about CRISPR.
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That is something that we've been curious about, so we started investigating about it.
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So, we're going to firstly say what is it, when and who invented it.
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Later on, we will explain how does it work and its future and its uses nowadays.
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So, Carlos?
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Okay.
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What is it?
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CRISPR technology is a piece of biochemist technology
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that has been recently discovered.
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What it does, and the reason why it is so revolutionary,
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is cut off part of DNA.
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This is very important and useful in a large variety of sectors,
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like health or agriculture.
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We will later discuss the future of this new technology as it has become a little bit controversial
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since it was first discovered the possibility of using it.
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This technology started in, well, not exactly the technology, but the idea of the technology
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started in 1987 after an article was published describing the way a bacteria, the Streptococcus
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biogenus, defended against viral attacks. As they have observed, the bacteria used enzymes
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that could destroy genetic material. However, it wasn't until 2012 when a group of scientists
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directed by Emmanuel St-Pierre and Jennifer Doudna,
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published an article in the Science,
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Maya Hacin, that is very prestigious,
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demonstrating that they were able to program
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in a central way these enzymes
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and they could convert these enzymes
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into a genetic knife
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that it could be used in our own benefit.
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But how does this really work?
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Because it may seem complicated, but it is not.
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Firstly, CRISPR is a specialized region of DNA.
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It is short for Clustered of Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats.
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and in this specialized zone of the DNA
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especially region, we can find the nucleotides
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as we know they are little parts of genetic material
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and spacers all dispersed
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interspersed among the sequences of nucleotides
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that contain a little bit of genetic material also.
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so knowing that in this region there are these two components we can start explaining
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so let's put the example of the bacterias so that is easy to understand a virus attacks a bacteria
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the bacteria kind of takes these spaces from the virus and stores them so if the same virus
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attack this bacteria now the bacteria has a defense mechanism and it is called
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protein Cas9 but however a Cas9 that is able to cut DNA strands doesn't know
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where to cut so it isn't really useful so that's why it needs the two proteins
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of RNA called CRISPR-RNA and transactivating CRISPR-RNA. So in order to produce these two
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amino acids, it is needed to reproduce the genetic code of the virus. And this is where
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the spaces come in handy. Because the nucleotides can just reproduce the genetic code from the
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little strands that the spaces have and the nucleotides recreate the RNA so now the Cas9
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protein is guided to the specific area that they want to cut in order to kill the virus.
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Okay, so how is it used nowadays? Well, animal organs are used for transplants,
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however the human body's immune system rejects foreign tissue. Well CRISPR
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is being used to modify the pig DNA so that there is any virus that could be
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passed to a human and prevent the human to reject foreign tissue. An example of
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these are hard touch bands. Moreover CRISPR is used to improve fruits and
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vegetables as for example GMOs and well this means that fruits could be
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larger and bigger, have more profits and less space cultivated. An example of
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these are tomatoes and also we could change the flower color. How about its
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future well its future it's a little bit controversial because it's modifying
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human embryos and this means that we could avoid inherited diseases but it's
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a little bit controversial mainly because there's a case made by he
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Jun Kui, who was arrested for
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editing two embryos to avoid B.
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The future about CRISPR
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could be also creating new medicine, as for example
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new treatments for curing cancer or blood diseases.
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And now to end up with,
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we have a dilemma, because as we have already said,
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The future of CRISPR, it is pretty uncertain and controversial because of all its benefits, but also because of all its, like, bad things, you know.
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So, in 2017, the EFSA, the European Food Safety Authority, approved a legislation that only allowed a 0.9% of modification in the genome of food.
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Moreover, the cultivation of GMOs, genetically modified organisms, is not allowed, only its commercialization.
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Nowadays in Europe, only four types of soy, one of colza, one of maize, are allowed.
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Taking into account that this technology could be very useful in order to avoid climate change in different ways,
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what do you think? Should GMOs be allowed or should they be forbidden?
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and with this we finish
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with our presentation
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thanks for listening
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and if there's any questions just ask
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- Valoración:
- Eres el primero. Inicia sesión para valorar el vídeo.
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- Idioma/s:
- Autor/es:
- Alejandro Loeda Duque and Carlos García Verdasco
- Subido por:
- Alejandro L.
- Moderado por el profesor:
- Ismail Ali Gago (ismail.ali)
- Licencia:
- Todos los derechos reservados
- Visualizaciones:
- 70
- Fecha:
- 30 de mayo de 2020 - 18:45
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES CERVANTES
- Duración:
- 07′ 51″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1366x768 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 4.59 MBytes
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