Saltar navegación

Activa JavaScript para disfrutar de los vídeos de la Mediateca.

Causes of the IWW - Contenido educativo

Ajuste de pantalla

El ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:

Subido el 5 de enero de 2024 por Luis H.

345 visualizaciones

Más información Transcripción

Descargar la transcripción

Hello class, today we are going to explain the origin of the First World War. 00:00:00
So let's start by looking at the most important contenders and causes of this war. 00:00:08
The First World War began in 1914 and there were two important contenders, two important 00:00:17
sides in this war, the Central Powers which were composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary 00:00:24
and also the Ottoman Empire and later on Bulgaria joined the war in 1915 and they fought against 00:00:35
the Allies, the Triple Entente which was composed of France together with Great Britain, actually 00:00:46
they signed an alliance in 1904 and later on France and Great Britain joined their forces 00:00:56
together with Russia in 1907. 00:01:07
Later on in the war the United States joined the Triple Entente in 1917 and actually Serbia 00:01:13
was the main ally of Russia, that's why Serbia belonged also to the forces of the Triple 00:01:23
Entente. 00:01:31
So now we are going to explain the main causes of this war, there were territorial causes 00:01:33
because France, for example, claimed the territories of Alsace and Lorraine, those 00:01:39
territories from Germany because remember France lost these important industrial territories 00:01:47
after the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. 00:01:56
Italy also claimed the territories of Istria and Trento from Austria-Hungary, why? 00:02:04
Because those territories belonged to the Austrian Empire and there was an important 00:02:18
Italian community in both territories, in Istria and Trento. 00:02:26
There were also causes related to the powerful ideology of nationalism because at that time, 00:02:34
for example, at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century the 00:02:44
Ottoman Empire was in absolute decline. 00:02:50
Basically the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, in the area of the Balkans, Balkanes, collapsed 00:02:56
and as a consequence of that the Austro-Hungarian Empire wanted to take over the area of the 00:03:04
Balkans. 00:03:12
So as the Ottoman Empire was in decline the Austro-Hungarian Empire wanted to take over 00:03:14
the area of the Balkans but Serbia and Russia were also interested in the Balkans because 00:03:20
they would get access to the Mediterranean Sea. 00:03:29
So when Austria conquered Bosnia in 1908 it increased the tension. 00:03:35
Bosnia belonged before to the Ottoman Empire but when the Ottoman Empire retreated, when 00:03:46
they were in decline, they lost this territory and as a consequence of that the Austro-Hungarian 00:03:54
Empire took over Bosnia and it increased the tension which led to the Balkans War from 00:04:00
1912 to 1913. 00:04:10
In this war the Austro-Hungarian Empire fought against Serbia and also against Russia and 00:04:15
Serbia and Russia were the winners of this war. 00:04:25
So for the reason as Serbia was clearly becoming stronger, Austria-Hungary fearing a general 00:04:30
Slav uprising against them, for this reason they took an important decision which led 00:04:40
to the First World War. 00:04:52
They looked to the Germans for support and for this reason the Germans became the main 00:04:55
allies of Austria-Hungary against Serbia and Russia. 00:05:03
So this is an important reason. 00:05:10
Also there were colonial classes which led to the First World War because the imperialist 00:05:12
powers were fighting at that moment for the raw materials, for the colonies, for the markets. 00:05:20
This is the moment when France and Great Britain were fighting against Germany. 00:05:28
So there was a climate of mistrust which led to two important crises. 00:05:36
The first crisis was in the area of Fashoda in 1898 and it happened when the British, 00:05:44
as you know, the British had the goal in mind of conquering from Northern Africa, from Egypt 00:05:56
up to what is now South Africa, and for this reason Lord Kitchener, the general, the British 00:06:04
general met in the area of Fashoda with the French general Marchand, because remember 00:06:12
that the French had the goal in mind, they had the goal in mind of conquering from the 00:06:22
West, from Senegal up to the East. 00:06:27
Both of them, together with their armies, met in the village of Fashoda, in what is 00:06:32
now Sudan, and the British were the winners. 00:06:39
That's why they extended their territories from Egypt, from the North, to the South, 00:06:43
to the area of South Africa. 00:06:51
And the other crisis was in Morocco. 00:06:54
At the beginning of the 20th century, Morocco was the main scene of an international tension 00:06:56
as European powers competed to control it. 00:07:04
The possibility of war was constantly present and the crisis was in 1905, when the French 00:07:09
were actually controlling the vast majority of the territory. 00:07:18
But also the German emperor Wilhelm II was interested in Morocco, he wanted more raw 00:07:23
materials for Yemen, and for this reason there was a crisis between France against Yemen. 00:07:31
The situation was of a brink of a war, and they were on the verge of a war, close to 00:07:41
a war, and for this reason Great Britain helped France in this conflict. 00:07:49
In the end, there was a peace conference in the area of Algeciras in Spain, and as a consequence 00:07:57
of that, the vast majority of the territories were for France, and the territories of the 00:08:06
North, northern Morocco, the worst territories, the poor territories of Morocco, were for 00:08:13
Spain, and Germany, as you can imagine, was absolutely angry for the situation, they were 00:08:21
upset for the situation, which later on led to the First World War. 00:08:30
So the situation was really shameful for the Kaiser, for Wilhelm II, so there were also 00:08:39
military causes, because at that moment, at that time, at the beginning of the 20th century, 00:08:48
there was an alliance system, and remember that the Triple Entente, which was composed 00:08:54
of the UK, France, together with Russia, was against the Triple Alliance, which was composed 00:09:03
of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire, of course. 00:09:11
So at that moment, there was an atmosphere of mistrust, which led to an arms race, which 00:09:18
was called peace through strength, and at that moment, due to this atmosphere, due to this 00:09:28
climate of mistrust, any tiny incident could lead to a war of enormous proportions, and 00:09:36
this is what happened, class. The spark of the crisis, the spark of the crisis was, 00:09:47
it happened, the spark of the crisis, due to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. 00:09:57
Who was Franz Ferdinand? Franz Ferdinand was the heir of Austria-Hungary, and he was in Sarajevo, 00:10:03
he was in Sarajevo in a ceremony, and this is the moment on the 20th, on the 28th of June in 1914, 00:10:12
when Franz Ferdinand, the heir of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was the Archduke, was 00:10:25
assassinated. His assassin, his murderer, was Gabrilo Princip, was a Bosnian student who belonged, 00:10:33
who belonged to a Serbian nationalist organization, which was called the Black Hand. 00:10:48
What was the main goal of the Black Hand? The main goal was to expel the Austrians 00:10:57
from the Balkans, and this assassination, this assassination, actually, let me say this, 00:11:04
Gabrilo Princip was a teenager, and he didn't have anything to lose, because he was extremely sick, 00:11:12
he got tuberculosis, he was about to die, and for this reason he wanted to kill, before he died, 00:11:23
the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This assassination, the assassination in 1914, triggered, regrettably, 00:11:32
the First World War, but as you have studied before with me, the true causes of this war 00:11:42
have been developing for decades. Actually, during the ceremony, the murderers, the assassins, 00:11:50
tried to kill Franz Ferdinand in three different times. At that moment, on the 20th, 00:12:02
on the 28th of June, during the ceremony, 00:12:11
the heir of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was in Sarajevo, and during the ceremony, the assassins 00:12:18
tried to kill him, together with his wife, in three different times, but they failed. 00:12:27
They tried in three different times, but they failed. So, as you can imagine, Franz Ferdinand 00:12:35
was really upset when he went to the hotel, but at that moment, at that moment, he decided to carry 00:12:43
on with the ceremony. So, despite the difficulties, despite those attempts to kill him, 00:12:54
Franz Ferdinand decided to carry on with the ceremony. So, Gabriel Princip was conscious of 00:13:05
his failure. Actually, he decided to eat a sandwich in a bar, and when the car of Franz 00:13:14
Ferdinand wanted to carry on with the ceremony, they decided to carry on with it, to go to a 00:13:25
hospital, to carry on with this important and official ceremony. So, at that moment, 00:13:36
when Gabriel Princip was eating a sandwich, regrettably, the driver took a wrong street. 00:13:45
The gearbox of the car was stuck at that moment, and imagine when Gabriel Princip was eating his 00:13:56
sandwich, and he saw in front of him Franz Ferdinand's car. This is the moment when Gabriel 00:14:06
Princip took his gun, he shot at him, and he shot also his wife, and he changed history, 00:14:18
regrettably, for the mankind. So, this is the beginning of the First World War. This is the 00:14:33
moment when Gabriel Princip was caught by the police, and it began the First World War. Why? 00:14:40
Because, at that moment, Austria gave an ultimatum, they gave an ultimatum to Serbia, 00:14:49
that the vast majority of the countries thought that Serbia wouldn't comply, because if they 00:15:04
accepted this ultimatum, it would mean a loss. Serbia would lose its sovereignty, but 00:15:12
Serbia finally decided to accept the ultimatum from Austria. Regrettably for everybody, 00:15:30
it wasn't enough for the Austrians, and finally, Austria declared war on Serbia on the 28th of July. 00:15:40
When Austria declared war on Serbia, one month later on from the assassination, 00:15:51
on the 28th of July, Russia, as Russia was the main ally of Serbia, the Russians decided to move 00:15:59
their troops to the Austrian border, and they declared war on Austria on the 29th of July 00:16:10
to protect Serbia. So, on the 29th of July, Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary 00:16:25
to protect Serbia. And what happened next? When Russia declared war on Austria, as Germany was the main ally of Austria, 00:16:34
Germany declared war on Russia and on France on the 1st of August in 1914. 00:16:51
Actually, this is an image of the multitude in Munich, they were celebrating war, because the vast 00:17:04
majority of the people were in favor of the war, they thought that they would have a break in their 00:17:11
routines, they didn't know the massacre that it would happen as a consequence of the war, and you 00:17:18
can see here among the multitude one man, and I don't know if you recognize him, but he is Adolf 00:17:27
Hitler and he was celebrating war in Munich. He will be an important figure, not in the First World War, 00:17:35
but he will be an important historic figure during the Second World War. And what happened 00:17:44
next? We are about to finish. When Germany declared war on Russia on the 1st of August, 00:17:53
what happened next with France and with Great Britain? Remember that they had an alliance 00:18:06
with Russia. So, when Germany declared war on Russia, France and Great Britain 00:18:12
declared war on Germany on the 3rd of August in 1914. 00:18:21
So, the countries spent vast amounts of money on manufacturing new weapons, building warships, 00:18:30
and strengthening their armies. They were all prepared themselves for a war 00:18:38
which could be started by any future conflict. And the assassination of the Austrian 00:18:45
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the conflict which triggered the First World War. 00:18:55
So, don't skip the following lessons class because I don't know if you can answer this 00:19:06
question, but do you know how many people died in the First World War? 20 million people. 00:19:13
From this incident in Sarajevo, from this assassination, it will turn our history 00:19:21
into a massive massacre. Thank you so much. 00:19:29
Autor/es:
Luis Horrillo Sánchez
Subido por:
Luis H.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
345
Fecha:
5 de enero de 2024 - 12:11
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES CERVANTES
Duración:
19′ 44″
Relación de aspecto:
1.83:1
Resolución:
3840x2100 píxeles
Tamaño:
69.32 MBytes

Del mismo autor…

Ver más del mismo autor

EducaMadrid, Plataforma Educativa de la Comunidad de Madrid

Plataforma Educativa EducaMadrid