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Hardware and Software (VI) - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 13 de noviembre de 2020 por Almudena S.

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We have to talk about software. 00:00:03
Software is everything we cannot touch in a computer. 00:00:09
Hardware was the physical part, 00:00:13
so every element we can touch, we can see, 00:00:16
we can connect, disconnect, 00:00:19
we can screw, unscrew from a computer, 00:00:21
from, for example, the motherboard, 00:00:25
or the wires, or the peripherals, 00:00:28
everything we can touch is hardware. 00:00:30
so everything we cannot touch is software if we think in our human being a human being has a body 00:00:33
a physical body i think we can touch and it has a very important part but we cannot touch 00:00:41
the thoughts the memories the feelings so it's similar to have both parts of a human body 00:00:48
the physical part and the non-physical part. 00:00:57
So it's the same. 00:01:01
For our computer, we have things we can see 00:01:02
and things we cannot see, but they exist 00:01:05
and they are very important in a computer. 00:01:08
What is software? 00:01:11
Well, software is information, binary information. 00:01:13
We have seen how important is binary codes in a computer 00:01:18
and at the end, all the information is stored 00:01:23
in binary code. So, everything we cannot touch at the end is information and the 00:01:27
different types of information we can have. The first component in software are 00:01:35
programs. A program is basically a group of instructions that are followed in a 00:01:42
specific order to carry out a task. So, is a special code written in a special 00:01:54
language, but at the end is a group, is a set of instructions that have to be 00:02:02
followed in a specific order. To write them we use programming code, programming 00:02:08
language, but we know that a computer doesn't understand this programming 00:02:15
language, so there has to be something between programming language used by the 00:02:21
programmer and machine code used by the computer, by the components of a 00:02:27
and this something between these two elements is called compilation when we 00:02:32
write a program when we make a program instruction by instruction in a specific 00:02:39
language C++ or Java or basic or something it has to be translated into 00:02:45
into binary code to be managed by the components, 00:02:56
by the processor. 00:03:01
The processor is at the end, 00:03:02
the element that is going to take the program 00:03:05
and process the information thanks to this program. 00:03:08
So we write a program in programming language. 00:03:11
The Confuser uses binary code to work. 00:03:19
So between these two things, we have to translate, 00:03:26
we have to compile, and to compile we use a compilation, which is another tool, another 00:03:30
program, to translate programming language into binary code, but we don't manage, we 00:03:37
just make the program and compile the program, and this is. A program is something we use 00:03:46
to create information and to manage information. If we want to create a document, we have to use 00:03:56
a program to create text documents, but when we see the document, we use another kind of program, 00:04:06
okay? When we create sounds, we use a program to record sound, for example, but we have to use 00:04:14
another program to edit to modify this sound file for example so programs are used to create 00:04:22
information and to manage and modify information the second component of software is the operating 00:04:31
system i have put this in second place because operating system is a program a huge program 00:04:43
but it's a program at the end but actually is the main component of software the operating system 00:04:56
is the manager of information in a computer so in the same way we have a processor in hardware 00:05:04
and the processor is something like a brain in a computer we have a main manager of information 00:05:13
the information flow and the information storage and the graphic interface with the user 00:05:21
so this main program is the operating system and the operating system is always running 00:05:28
a text program only runs when i am using when i am with a text document but in the moment i 00:05:36
I close the document, I close as well the program, 00:05:44
but the operating system has to be always running, always. 00:05:50
It doesn't matter if I'm not using anything in the computer, 00:05:55
the operating system has to be running. 00:06:00
The operating system has three main functions. 00:06:05
The first one is to manage and to control the flow of information 00:06:09
between the different parts. 00:06:13
so it's something like the traffic controller okay the other the other application is to 00:06:15
create and use and manage the organization the files and folders structure so when we 00:06:24
need to create a folder when we need to pass a file from one place to another one when we need 00:06:33
to create a new file when we need these kind of things are done thanks to the operating system 00:06:41
and the other main function of the operating system is to define the graphic interface with 00:06:47
the user so this is uh just seeing the screen more or less i can know if this if my computer 00:06:55
So it's a Windows one, or a Mac, or a Linux, just because of the aspect of the different 00:07:05
icons, of the different elements, the directories, the structure. 00:07:11
So seeing the graphic interface, I can know more or less the operating system I have. 00:07:15
Operating systems nowadays we have many, and when talking about phones or tablets, we have 00:07:23
more. 00:07:32
But the main ones, when we talk about confusions, are three. 00:07:33
The three main operating systems are Windows, macOS, and Linux. 00:07:39
These are the three main operating systems. 00:07:47
In a phone, we can have, for example, Android. 00:07:50
Android is made by Google, and it's a special operating system, 00:07:54
but only for small devices, for phones and tablets. 00:07:59
Windows was created by Microsoft, the company, 00:08:08
and is the most extended one. 00:08:12
It's very intuitive, it's quite easy to use, 00:08:15
very friendly with the Windows opening and closing programs, 00:08:20
and it's not very difficult to use. 00:08:24
When you are not used to manage a computer, 00:08:26
it's not very difficult to begin with Windows. 00:08:30
So this is an advantage. 00:08:32
Another positive point is compatible with different machines. 00:08:36
So you can buy an HP or you can buy a Lenovo or you can buy an Acer 00:08:41
and you can install Windows in all of them. 00:08:47
So Windows is very compatible with the different machines. 00:08:50
The other operating system is macOS. 00:08:55
Mac OS was created by Apple and was created for Macintosh computers. Macintosh was a brand of computers. Okay, so the thing is that they created a tool, a software specific for that hardware. 00:09:02
So, it's very common nowadays, if you have an iPhone, you only have the iOS operating system. 00:09:19
You cannot have, for example, you cannot have an HP computer and install their Mac, because they are not compatible. 00:09:30
So, if you want to have macOS, the operating system, you have to have a Mac computer, okay, an Apple computer. 00:09:37
They are linked. And this operating system is quite expensive, but it's very, very powerful with graphic applications. 00:09:47
It's one of the best in graphic applications. And nowadays they are very similar. Windows and Mac, they are very similar in the appearance. 00:09:58
but well they have funds each one have funds and they have they have created 00:10:07
very very reliable clients okay and the last one the last operating system is 00:10:15
Linux. Linux is the one we have in the school and with a version the version we 00:10:26
have in the school is Max is Madrid Linux and it was created by Linus Torvalds 00:10:32
This man was a teacher in the university and he had the idea to create an operating system 00:10:39
independent from Windows or Mac. 00:10:48
And the idea was to create a free operating system. 00:10:52
A free means you don't have to pay. 00:10:55
So the teacher and a group of students got together to design a tool to manage a computer. 00:10:58
And they designed an operating system with one condition, it was open code. 00:11:07
Open code means that everyone who knows can enter in the system and can change the system. 00:11:13
So if you are using a Linux computer but you want to change something, you can because 00:11:21
it is open code, only if you know of course, but you can modify, you can modify, you can 00:11:28
entering the code, you can rewrite the code to make a modification. But the condition is you can 00:11:34
modify, you can change whatever you want, but you have to share your change with the rest of the 00:11:42
community. So Linux has founded a community, a knowledge community. So it is designed in community, 00:11:49
in common. So it can be free because it's supported by many people working in the same 00:11:59
direction. At the beginning, Linux had a very serious problem because when you installed 00:12:08
a mouse or a keyboard, in many occasions, it was not compatible with Linux. But nowadays, 00:12:14
almost everything is compatible with Linux. Linux is free. So you can buy a computer 00:12:21
with no operating system so without paying the license of the operating system and you can 00:12:29
install linux as well so in this case if you only pay the machine you only pay the machine when you 00:12:35
buy a computer with windows or with mac you buy the machine and the operating system so it's another 00:12:43
way to have a cheaper machine working for the same purpose. It's not so versatile, it doesn't have 00:12:51
so many applications as Windows or Apple, but nowadays it's a very, very powerful tool. 00:13:02
Okay, the last component of software are folders and files. A folder is only a structure 00:13:12
in which we store files is just to classify files. The files related to, I don't know, a subject 00:13:24
or a date or a type of folder, we can store them creating a structure to have a good organization, 00:13:34
nothing else. And a file is a special information of a special type that is created by a program. 00:13:43
And depending on the program that creates this information, we have different types 00:13:55
of files. 00:14:02
To know the type of a file without opening, imagine that you want to know if a file is 00:14:03
a text document or an image. 00:14:11
You have to look at the group of letters at the end of the name. 00:14:14
file finishes with a group of letters preceded by a dot. .doc, for example. .doc means a 00:14:19
text document. .png. Png is an image. So, the name of this group of letters at the end 00:14:29
of the name of a file is extension. The extension of a file is not how big it is, no. It's not 00:14:41
the size of a file, no. How many kilobytes, no. The extension of a file is the type of 00:14:51
file. It's the group of letters that are at the end of the name of the file to recognize, 00:14:59
to know the type of file. So it's very important to know the main types of files, the main 00:15:05
extensions. For example, text document. Text document can be doc, can be ODT if we are 00:15:12
using Linux. In Linux we don't have Word, but we have a similar program, Writer, and 00:15:22
This program creates ODT files. 00:15:30
ODT is text file. 00:15:33
And we have as well TXT file, okay? 00:15:36
If we have a spreadsheet, we can have .xls from Excel 00:15:40
or from CalcSheets from OpenOffice as well is ODS, okay? 00:15:46
It's because it's a spreadsheet. 00:15:54
It's to calculate many things. 00:15:56
When we have an image, we can have .jpg, we can have .png, we can have .gif, we can have .bmp files, all of these are images. 00:15:58
In some files, for example, we can have .mp3 file or .wav, for example. 00:16:14
if we add another dimension of these files we create video files sound plus image in movement 00:16:21
we have mp4 we have ad for example wmv for example okay video files when we have html 00:16:30
find, we have a web page, a web site. 00:16:42
If we have a program, an application, we have 00:16:46
a .exe, E-X-E. 00:16:50
E-X-E means that this is a file that can be 00:16:54
executed. That's why this is a program. So, for example, 00:16:58
be very careful if you receive an .exe 00:17:03
file in an email or in a WhatsApp or something 00:17:06
because it can be a virus okay virus at the end is a little program that runs automatically so 00:17:10
if you receive an excel file be sure about the the source of this file before opening 00:17:17
and there is a special file and it's very important nowadays which is a pdf file a pdf 00:17:26
file is between a text file and an image. Why? Because it's a text file, well, it can 00:17:34
be another type, but it's very usual to create a PDF file from a 00:17:42
text file, but it cannot be modified. So, for example, if I make a text document 00:17:49
and I send it by email, but I don't want to have it modified by the 00:17:56
the receivers, I send, instead of a text document, I send a PDF file. A PDF file, the person who 00:18:04
receives the file cannot modify because it's not a text document. It seems to be, but it's not. 00:18:13
So it's a very good option when we have a text document with a special font or with a special 00:18:21
merges or with something but we don't want to modify the file in the 00:18:27
reception for example. So we have finished with compuses, hardware, software 00:18:35
all the components in everything and this is everything you have for the 00:18:42
exam. 00:18:47
Subido por:
Almudena S.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - Compartir igual
Visualizaciones:
279
Fecha:
13 de noviembre de 2020 - 21:20
Visibilidad:
Clave
Centro:
IES FORTUNY
Duración:
18′ 49″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
689.12 MBytes

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