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INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 31 de enero de 2021 por David S.

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Hello everyone! So in this video we are finally starting with history. I'm going to make a brief 00:00:00
introduction to the subject. There are a lot of things that you probably know from last year 00:00:07
or the previous one or from school, but just in case I want to give you some information. 00:00:12
So obviously the first thing we need to do is to start with the definition of history 00:00:20
and that you probably know it's a science that is going to study the past but the past of humanity 00:00:24
not the past of animals or plants everything that is related with us with people and the people that 00:00:31
are in charge of studying history are the historians los historiadores like for example 00:00:39
mr carr here that said in 1961 what's history so you have a good definition there 00:00:45
in history is not made just taking a look to all documents we need to use what 00:00:53
is called the scientific method that you probably know from other subjects in 00:01:02
order to study all this evidence that we find from the past that are called 00:01:06
historical sources so now and you probably have thought why do we need to 00:01:12
study history, so there has been a lot of opinions about this. For example, history has been seen as 00:01:20
a teaching of life, es decir, algo que podemos utilizar como una enseñanza para la vida, fijándonos 00:01:28
en lo que ha pasado en el pasado. There are also some other opinions, like for example, history 00:01:35
used for political purposes, for example, to promote the national spirit, so we love more 00:01:40
our country to justify the social order so the people that are rich are rich because of something 00:01:47
and the people that are poor there is another historical reason no and another possibility is 00:01:53
to build collective identities so there are groups of people that identify themselves 00:01:59
with a past a common past like for example the germans 00:02:06
nowadays what we do with history is to try to give you some competencies for the present 00:02:11
and to make you ready for preparing yourself for the future so in history and as i told you we are 00:02:18
going to use historical sources and that are all the remains that we preserve from the past 00:02:28
we are going to have two different types the primary sources that are the one that came from 00:02:33
the same period and the secondary sources that came from a later period or 00:02:39
maybe they were done in the present so in this example you can see the Spanish 00:02:44
Constitution that is a primary source and this is a book explaining the 00:02:49
Constitution in the present don't worry about this because I'm going to try to 00:02:54
help you to understand it during the this term and the next one then the 00:03:00
Historical sources, apart from primary and secondary sources, depend also on the different types. 00:03:08
So, we are going to find written sources, oral sources, material sources and audiovisual sources. 00:03:15
Normally, we need to compare all of them to know more information about the past. 00:03:23
This is because the historical sources sometimes are genuine, es decir, las podemos creer, or unreliable. 00:03:30
Es decir, no son fiables. 00:03:38
Sometimes the information they have can be objective, subjective, or even mistaken. 00:03:41
So this is why historians can't trust the sources directly. 00:03:47
We always have to doubt the sources, es decir, tenemos que dudar de todas las pruebas del pasado, 00:03:52
and we have to contrast or compare all the evidences to try to get the closest possible to the reality or to the truth. 00:03:57
Es decir, si no las comparamos todas, es muy difícil que podamos llegar a la verdad. 00:04:08
Tenemos que comparar muchas fuentes de información para ver si nos podemos fiar de ellas 00:04:12
y aún así, como el pasado nos queda muy atrás en el tiempo, 00:04:17
no vamos a estar 100% seguros de si la información que tenemos es correcta. 00:04:22
Then, as you probably have done during first grade, we need to locate history in time. 00:04:30
This is very important. 00:04:36
This is what we call dating, es decir, datar cronológicamente. 00:04:37
And this is one of the most important things that historians have to do, 00:04:41
because if we don't give order to all the events of the past, they are not going to make sense. 00:04:46
That is why teachers of history normally ask you to remember the dates, 00:04:52
because dates are very important. 00:04:56
This way we can know the causes of the events, es decir, 00:04:59
podemos reconocer qué ha causado un evento histórico, 00:05:02
and we also can understand what are the consequences of that event. 00:05:05
Es decir, qué cambia o qué permanece después de un evento. 00:05:11
In the presentation, you have information about how we group years, 00:05:17
but you probably know about this. 00:05:21
Also, about how to count centuries. 00:05:24
If you still have doubts about this, take a look and read all of this, okay? 00:05:28
But if you don't, we can continue. 00:05:33
so in history normally we are going to have three different spaces of time the minimum unit 00:05:35
the smallest one is the event a success that is something that is going to happen in a specific 00:05:44
moment for example a battle or the fall of constantinople or many other things then 00:05:50
a group of events is going to be the historic context that can be circumstantial 00:05:56
es decir, coyuntural, algo que pasa en un momento a lo mejor de unos cuantos años 00:06:03
y después vuelve a cambiar, 00:06:10
or it can be a system that is something or a period of time 00:06:11
with similar characteristics that last a long period, 00:06:18
for example, the Renaissance. 00:06:21
And then we have the structure or the big system 00:06:23
that is a long period of time in which the economy, religion, society, 00:06:26
culture, politics have similar characteristics, for example the modern age. 00:06:32
So here you can see how the historical processes work. 00:06:38
We have an instructor that just added last year, feudalism. 00:06:42
In feudalism we have different contexts, for example the high middle ages with the rebirth 00:06:47
of cities, and there are a lot of events that happened during that period of time. 00:06:51
what we have during all this period, during these centuries, is an evolution. 00:06:57
Things are changing slowly. Finally we have a different context because some 00:07:03
things change. That is the crisis of the late Middle Ages. If you remember we have 00:07:09
the Black Death, that could be an event. We have the 100 Years War, the East-West 00:07:14
Schism and many other events that happened in this period. At the end, 00:07:20
because a lot of things change we have a new structure because we have a 00:07:25
different society different economy different political and cultural systems 00:07:30
and the modern age starts for example a context of this period would be the 00:07:35
Renaissance that we are going to study in class and we have a lot of events 00:07:42
there and then in the 17th century there is a crisis there are other events so 00:07:45
this is how historical processes happen. Sometimes there can be an 00:07:50
evolution and sometimes, like it happened in 1789, we can have a revolution that 00:07:56
changed everything in a short period of time. So to continue, you probably know 00:08:03
about this, but we need to know the difference between these 00:08:11
factors of historical structure. So we have economy, society, politics and 00:08:15
and culture. You know what economy is because we have seen it in geography so everything related 00:08:19
with destruction, production and distribution of goods and services. Then in society we are going 00:08:25
to study how the different social groups and people are organized. In politics we can have 00:08:31
domestic and foreign policies and this is how power is distributed or is used. And finally we 00:08:38
have culture and ideology that are going to be a lot of things related with ideas and values for 00:08:47
example religion traditions art all of this can be passed to other generations orally or maybe 00:08:53
written or by actions or we can have remains like paintings technology and so on finally this is the 00:09:02
thing, every time the historians are working with historical events or processes, we need to ask 00:09:11
ourselves these questions. First, what are we studying? Es decir, ¿qué estudiamos? Es una 00:09:19
definición. Who is responsible of this historical process? Es decir, ¿quién es el sujeto, la persona, 00:09:26
el país o el partido político o el grupo de personas a los que afecta el proceso. Third 00:09:34
question, where, es decir, tenemos que saber dónde sucede este proceso y hacia dónde se expande si 00:09:42
no sucede sólo en un lugar. When, the chronology, es decir, cuándo ha pasado, why did it happen, 00:09:49
por qué ha pasado, cuáles son las causas, puede haber causas económicas, demográficas, políticas, 00:09:58
puede haber muchos tipos de causas, los iremos viendo. How, es decir, cómo ha sucedido, which 00:10:04
will be the development of events, es decir, todo lo que ha ido pasando, se nombraría aquí. And why 00:10:12
is it important is the last part, por qué ha sido importante, qué ha causado, cuáles son las 00:10:19
consecuencias, cómo ha influido en el periodo e incluso cómo influye en el presente, si así lo 00:10:25
fuera. So I hope it wasn't a lot of things to digest. Es decir, espero que no haya sido mucho. 00:10:31
This is what I want you to do for homework. It's a little timeline of things that you are supposed 00:10:42
to know with all the periods of history. Prehistory that started a long time ago, 2.5 million years 00:10:47
ago with the first hominids. And it finished with the invention of writing. Then we have the 00:10:56
ancient age, the middle age, modern age 00:11:01
and contemporary ages. 00:11:03
Es decir, quiero que hagáis en vuestro cuaderno 00:11:05
un eje cronológico 00:11:07
explicando los distintos periodos 00:11:09
de la historia, porque si no empezamos sabiendo 00:11:11
esto, mal vamos, ¿vale? 00:11:13
This is the last thing, the basic vocabulary 00:11:17
for history. All of these words 00:11:20
are words that you are supposed 00:11:22
to understand. If you don't know 00:11:23
about any of these 00:11:25
definitions, ask me 00:11:27
class or research in a dictionary because it is very important so if you 00:11:29
have questions and send me a message or ask me in class I'm going to leave you 00:11:33
with the questions in aula virtual good luck and bye bye 00:11:39
Autor/es:
David Sánchez García
Subido por:
David S.
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
147
Fecha:
31 de enero de 2021 - 21:11
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ALPAJÉS
Duración:
11′ 46″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1364x768 píxeles
Tamaño:
225.08 MBytes

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