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robotic - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 7 de noviembre de 2018 por Isabel L.

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Well, we are going to study the last lesson of this course, which is robotic. 00:00:03
Well, humans have tried to build or to create machines which can replace them. 00:00:13
Very often when there is some damage, dangers, when there is dangers, or it's something unhealthy, or it's a very monotonous task. 00:00:27
In these particular cases, we can use robots to replace humans. Nowadays, it is very useful and very often in factories. 00:00:43
However, from my point of view, robots will never have the same properties and the same knowledge and never can reach the same level of humans. 00:01:01
humans. In this slide we are going to introduce us to some content that are very important to 00:01:21
understand robotics. Firstly some definitions, after that control systems, sensor, 00:01:34
arduino board because we are going to do some practice with arduino board, actuators and what 00:01:45
is a robot. We can have automated machines, which is a device that can perform a specific task, 00:01:53
but we can't change this task. Obviously it's better if I can change it, and it is what robots 00:02:08
usually can do they can change its tasks because they usually are a multifunction and reprogramming 00:02:17
reprogramming well reprogrammable and this is the main reason why a robotic is nowadays 00:02:28
a very good, a very popular and very nice science. We can distinguish between analogical, analogic 00:02:36
signal and digital, analogical signal and digital signal. An analogical signal is as you can see in 00:02:49
this picture when the values of this signal are continuous, whereas a digital signal is just only 00:02:59
when the signal just only can have two values which are zero and one. It's also very important 00:03:10
to know what is a control system. A control system is a set of electronic devices or elements 00:03:22
that receive information from the sensor, from the outside, from the inputs and generate some 00:03:30
kind of answer, some kind of output. We can distinguish between open loop and closed loop. 00:03:40
In an open loop, the controller, the control, just only can read the input and then proceeds to create an output, but there isn't any importance with the output's values. 00:03:51
What I'm trying to explain is we haven't any feedback in this kind of loop. 00:04:18
One example of this kind of loop can be, for example, our washing machine. 00:04:27
On the other hand, we can have some control loops in which we can take into consideration 00:04:36
the output value to do a feedback and compare with the input signal 00:04:47
by a comparator. The difference between the signal and the input signal 00:05:02
usually called hero and it's what I am going to control indeed. One example of 00:05:15
this kind of loops could be the thermostatic which can control the 00:05:26
temperature in a room, just in one value of temperature. So most of the control systems 00:05:34
usually are electronic, but our world is plenty of different kinds of physical signals. 00:05:53
So the first thing I have to do is transform this physical signal into an electronic one. 00:06:07
And to do that we usually use inputs or we also call it a transductor. 00:06:17
We can divide the transductor into two main groups. 00:06:25
Digital sensors or digital transductor and analogical transductor. It depends of signal. 00:06:32
Example of analogical transductor or sensor could be the LDR which is a variable resistance with the light. 00:06:42
N, T, C, and P, C, D, which are both also resistant, we can modify with temperature, 00:06:57
and potentiometer, which is resistant, which is different with the position, its value is different with the position. 00:07:09
On the other hand, we have also digital sensors like infrared sensors to distinguish between black and white, 00:07:22
ultrasonic sensors that can measure distances, and a button that is a switch that can only be opened or closed. 00:07:35
I think you are going to do a small research of these sensors to know more about the way they work and so on. 00:07:51
So, these sensors should be connected to the boards. One of the boards that is very popular and is very nice and has a lot of applications would be Arduino board. 00:08:13
Arduino is an open-heart electronic platform for prototyping. 00:08:35
It consists of a board with a microcontroller and we connect sensors, actuators and other elements to this board through its analogic and digital inputs and outputs. 00:08:43
And the way you can program Arduino board is very very easy. 00:08:59
So we are going to do some practice with Arduino and I hope you enjoy it. 00:09:08
A control board is an electronic circuit and performs the basic functions of a computer. 00:09:18
So as a computer you usually have a processing unit, a memory, and also inputs and outputs. 00:09:27
I think it is a way that we can create and design robots or control systems. 00:09:39
So we have inputs, sensors, and we also need some outputs. 00:09:53
This is the two outputs that we are going to study this year, both of them are digital, 00:10:01
of LEDs which are very... it's a diode, but it emits light when it's connected 00:10:10
with the polarity with with the proper polarity because a diodo just only can 00:10:35
let pass the current if it is connected well and the other one are several 00:10:46
servo so servo motors which is the more or less the same they are also a digital output and we 00:10:59
also study better in another another day yes it's a motor but it has some specific control system 00:11:10
which can be used with for example one Arduino or so on and we can have two 00:11:27
types of servo motors so it's better for all of us that I I'll explain later 00:11:35
and finally robots which is a machine obviously but this is a very special 00:11:45
machine. Robots are also multifunctional and reprogrammable which means that they 00:11:54
can do more than one task or tasks depends on its programming and it's 00:12:07
because they have they usually have a control board that is very similar to a 00:12:15
computer so in it in this control board there is always a microcontroller or 00:12:24
microprocessor that can do different things we can classify robots there are 00:12:33
a lot of kinds of robots obviously but we are going to classify robots into two 00:12:44
main categories taking into consideration its structure. One are 00:12:53
industrial robots. In industrial robots the structure is very similar to an arm 00:13:00
and you can distinguish a different part that calls the same as the human 00:13:07
such as rice, for example, the last bar of this arm, and on the other hand there is the mobile robots, which can move. 00:13:19
Industrial robots can also be classified, taking into consideration its movements. 00:13:43
So we can have Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical robots. 00:13:55
For example, they can be used in painting or in stores and other different operations. 00:14:03
And mobile robots can be used to explore, for example, other planets and so on. 00:14:28
Well, this is enough for now, I think, and we will study deeply all these 00:14:37
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
ISABEL LAFUENTE
Subido por:
Isabel L.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial
Visualizaciones:
212
Fecha:
7 de noviembre de 2018 - 15:34
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES JAIME FERRAN
Duración:
14′ 52″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
1440x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
363.32 MBytes

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