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Destination Tomorrow - DT4 - Composite Materials

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Subido el 28 de mayo de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment exploring new, lightweight materials called composite materials. The video describes NASA's use of these materials in new space craft parts that are tougher and safer than conventional materials.

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The term stronger than steel used to be synonymous with great strength 00:00:00

But today many manufacturers are using new lightweight materials called composite materials rather than steel 00:00:04

This is because composite materials are generally stronger lighter and much more resistant to extreme temperatures than steel 00:00:10

NASA is using composite materials to make new spacecraft and aircraft parts that are tougher and more efficient than conventional parts 00:00:18

Derek Leonidoff takes us to the advanced materials and processing branch at NASA Langley to find out more 00:00:25

Have you ever heard the term composite materials 00:00:36

Even though most people don't know exactly what they are 00:00:39

There is no doubt these materials are being used by most of us every day 00:00:42

More and more the goods we use like tennis rackets golf clubs cars and even planes are made with these materials 00:00:45

But do you know what a composite material is or how one is made? 00:00:53

Well, I spoke with researchers at NASA who are developing new composite materials that are not only lighter and safer than existing materials 00:00:57

Like steel, but also stronger 00:01:04

These researchers are also working with radical new materials called nanotubes that are thousands of times smaller than a human hair 00:01:07

but they may revolutionize the way future materials are made a 00:01:14

Composite is really a generic term which describes a material that is composed of one or more parts and those parts are 00:01:19

Combined together in a way that you end up with the final material that has better properties than any of the individual 00:01:26

components an example of a composite that we see every day is a tree a tree is composed of cellulose fibers that are bound 00:01:34

Together by a polymer called lignin and when you combine these two components together you end up with a tree 00:01:41

which is very very strong a 00:01:47

Composite material is made when a combination of two or more materials are combined together to make a new and different material 00:01:49

researchers take individual materials one a 00:01:56

Reinforcing material for strength and stiffness and one a glue or binding material such as a resin to surround and hold the reinforcement in place 00:01:59

When the reinforcing material and the binding material are combined 00:02:08

They make a new material this new material usually is not only strong and resistant to extreme temperatures 00:02:11

But can be much lighter than the existing material similar to the tree an analogous synthetic material 00:02:18

It's a graphite composite a graphite composite is composed of 00:02:24

Carbon fibers which are very very strong and to make a structural material using these carbon fibers 00:02:28

We consolidate it by combining it with this 00:02:34

Polymer matrix resin this polymer matrix resin is kind of like a glue 00:02:37

And this is a large part of the research that we do here at NASA 00:02:41

Depending on the properties of this particular 00:02:45

Polymer it will dictate the maximum temperature that you can use it at and also how strong this material is 00:02:47

One of the ways that we can use the glue that Joyce Flynn talked about is to make it into little balls called 00:02:54

Microspheres as you can see it's mostly air 00:02:59

Since it's mostly air you have the combination of a strong material 00:03:02

that's also lightweight what we do is we take the balls and we consolidate it into a foam piece and 00:03:06

Because again the material is strong to begin with you now have a very tough 00:03:12

Lightweight structure we then take this structure 00:03:19

Combine it with carbon fiber what we have done now is to have a lightweight structure that improves fuel efficiency 00:03:23

Therefore it reduces the cost of travel and we also have improved safety in aircraft travel so Mia 00:03:30

What is the future of composite materials? 00:03:36

I mean where do we go from here one of the things that we're looking into now is called nanotechnology 00:03:38

Nanotechnology presumes that we're able to go in to the atomic level move atoms so that we can create materials in a very controlled manner 00:03:44

That way we can design materials very precisely in the current technology 00:03:51

We use wires embedded in structures to sense defects in aircraft parts 00:03:55

We are trying now to reduce the size of these wires so that in effect 00:04:00

We have nerves embedded in aircraft structures because carbon nanotubes are about 80,000 times smaller than human hair 00:04:03

We can embed many of them in an aircraft wing for example where they can perform a function similar to the nerves in our body 00:04:10

This technology will allow the wing to respond to changes in temperature and pressure in the atmosphere 00:04:17

By changing their shape without using mechanical flaps because of this ability we can now design the aircraft of the future to be safer and 00:04:22

much more efficient 00:04:29

We think about 00:04:30

Biological systems like us when we get cut our body heals itself those are cells that are forming and going and doing their job 00:04:32

What we want to do is be able to get that kind of control over the types of materials that we make 00:04:39

Although we know that we want to get to a smart plane using carbon nanotubes 00:04:46

We don't know how to get there yet 00:04:50

And as Einstein said if we knew what we were doing it wouldn't be research, so that's the excitement of the work that we do 00:04:51

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Autor/es:

NASA LaRC Office of Education

Subido por:

EducaMadrid

Licencia:

Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada

Visualizaciones:

504

Fecha:

28 de mayo de 2007 - 17:04

Visibilidad:

Público

Enlace Relacionado:

NASAs center for distance learning

Duración:

04′ 59″

Relación de aspecto:

4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.

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