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1º ESO/ROMAN MYTHOLOGY ANIMATED - Contenido educativo
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Okay, so besides history, mythology has always been a guilty pleasure of mine.
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And boy have I been waiting to do this topic for a while.
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As a function of popularity, Roman mythos isn't nearly as popular as its Greek counterpart,
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since the Romans were more preoccupied with empire building and Caesar killing than they
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were with their oral traditions.
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But they did name the planets after their deities, which is nice.
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Okay, so the Romans borrowed heavily from the Greek pantheons, and also appropriated
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many of their homegrown deities into Greek equivalents.
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The Italian peninsula had been in contact with the Greeks for centuries, and Greek colonies
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were spread throughout the Mediterranean, so this was somewhat inevitable.
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To get some of the bigger famous gods out of the way, the Roman pantheon corresponded
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mostly with a third Greek dynasty called the Olympians.
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Zeus, Hera and Athena became Jupiter, Juno and Minerva respectively, the three patron
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gods of Rome.
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Ares, Aphrodite and Poseidon became Mars, Venus and Neptune.
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Hermes, with his cool winged shoes became Mercury, the god of communication, transport
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and commerce.
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The famous Titan equivalents are the first gods Uranus of the sky and Gaia of the earth
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who, through their marriage, bore Saturn, one of the oldest and most famous gods of
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Roman mythology.
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Saturn was hugely important to the Romans as he reigned the supreme deity and father
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of Jupiter, corresponding to his Greek equivalent, Chronos.
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The age of Latin dominance over Italy is said to be attributed to him and his name lives
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on in the planet Saturn and the sixth day of the week, Saturday.
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The winter solstice festival became dedicated to him in the month of December as Saturnalius,
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or Saturn Festival, and Christmas was later moved to December 25th to coincide with it,
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illustrating just how important it was to the Romans.
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Hades, the Greek god of the underworld, would become Pluto.
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Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire, became Vulcan, where the modern word volcano comes
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from.
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The odd one out was Apollo, who seems to have blended over time with some other deities.
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Classic Roman mythology places him with Greek Apollo, the son of Jupiter, but Apollo was
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also worship for many other things, and it's hard to pin down. He is portrayed as the patron
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god of Troy, which would later make him very important to the Romans. The Trojans worshipped
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him as the Sun God, which seems to correspond with the Italian Etruscan god Sol, but also
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at various times been associated with Helios, who is not an Olympian, but a Titan like Saturn,
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who is famous for drawing the sun across the sky in his chariot. All these inconsistencies
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were hand-waved somewhat, as the customs, festivals and worship mattered a lot more
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the Italians than the myths or the stories, but don't take my word for it, I wasn't there.
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Of the stories, there are some good ones. Hercules was adopted from the Greek hero Heracles,
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the son of Zeus and a mortal woman. Heracles was an immensely influential character in Roman times,
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and his stories feature heavily. Besides the well-known Twelve Tasks,
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Heracles also has stories featuring him in the Roman Empire, such as killing Vulcan's son Casus,
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the fire-breathing giant, or when he visited Germany with some of the locals identifying him
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as Thor.
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Hercules is said to have visited a town on the southern shores of Gaul and chased away
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the gods that were terrifying the locals.
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In honour of him, they built the temple of Hercules Maniarchos, which I'm sure you've
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pieced together, eventually became Monarcho.
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Many of these stories were compiled into literature, the most famous of which was the Aeneid, an
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epic saga containing the founding myths of Rome.
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Virgil, the poet and writer, was commissioned by Caesar Augustus to write an epic poem about
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himself in his glorious life. To which Vergil said sure, and then immediately began work compiling a
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historical epic on the history of Rome, to stick it to Augustus, who he didn't like very much.
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Vergil compiled several stories and sources relating to Rome's history, into one epic saga
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spanning three continents and many years. Initially meaning to serve as a sequel to Homer's Iliad and
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Odyssey, but also heavily borrowing from both. The Aeneid, much like the Odyssey, picks up soon
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after the Trojan War, with Aeneas, a Trojan warrior and son of Venus, tasked with taking
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the Trojan survivors and finding them a new home. Either that or he ran away, sources disagree.
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The Trojan refugees took a fleet of ships and began their epic quest to find their prophesied
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new home of Italy. This being far too mortal a quest, the gods couldn't help themselves by
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getting involved. Aeneas' journey was interfered by competing gods who either did or did not want
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the Trojans to find a new home. Juno, Jupiter's wife, or niece, depending who you ask, was
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particularly ruthless in her attempt to stop Aeneas from getting to Italy, since it was foretold that
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his descendants would one day destroy and conquer Carthage, her all-time favourite city. Neptune,
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the god of the sea, helped the Trojan fleet by halting a storm sent by Juno, but not before it
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had blown them all the way to Libya. With some more divine intervention, eventually Aeneas made
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it to Carthage, where he stayed for six years, married the queen of Carthage, Dido, and generally
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became content, before a strongly worded suggestion from Jupiter via Mercury, who told Aeneas to get
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his butt and start sailing again. The Trojans would quietly sneak off one night, and Aeneas
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would abandon his wife, angering her so much that she cursed Aeneas and vowed that Carthage
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will always be an enemy to his descendants. This is what those in the writer's business
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call foreshadowing. After a brief stop in Sicily, Aeneas finally arrives on the shore of Italy,
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and after a visit to the underworld, he learns of his destiny to become the father of the Roman
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Empire. So, no pressure. Hopping on his boat again, the Trojans settled the Italian kingdom
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of Latium and immediately started a war. Seriously, the rest of the book is just war between competing
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suitors to the Latin princess's hand. Tiberinus, god of the Tiber River and son of the titan
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Oceanus, helped Aeneas in the war. He once again assured Aeneas that Italy was to be his home and
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that he should found a settlement and become father to the world's greatest empire. Aeneas
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then founded the city of Alba Longa in Latium and became its first king. His descendants would rule
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the city until the birth of the princess Rhea Silver. Rhea became pregnant with the sons of
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the Roman god Mars, eventually giving birth to twins she named Romulus and Remus. Their grand
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uncle, the king of Elba, saw them as a threat to his rule and ordered them killed, whereupon they
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were thrown into the Tiber River to die. Tiberinus then rescued the twins and a she-wolf found the
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boys and suckled them to keep them alive. The boys grew up in an area of seven hills and became
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great warriors, and after learning who they were, they led a revolt against the king their uncle,
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who had himself usurped the throne from Romulus and Remus' grandfather, Numitor.
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With Numitor back on the throne, the twins returned to the seven hills they were raised on.
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A disagreement on where to settle down led to a fight between the two, and Romulus killed his
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brother. Romulus then created a settlement and named it after himself, Rome, and reigned as its
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first king. And that is how the Trojan refugees would live on to become the legendary founders
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of the Roman Empire.
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- Subido por:
- Alicia M.
- Licencia:
- Dominio público
- Visualizaciones:
- 139
- Fecha:
- 17 de enero de 2021 - 15:56
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES LA SENDA
- Duración:
- 07′ 55″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1920x1080 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 211.94 MBytes
