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2. Religious Wars

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Subido el 22 de marzo de 2020 por Ruben P.

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Well, we are going to start with the second point of this unit, Religious Wars and the Counter-Reformation. 00:00:01
If you remember, we were talking about the Reformation, about Martin Luther. 00:00:09
So, one of the consequences of the Reformation movement, this religious movement, is going to be the religious wars. 00:00:13
It means there is going to be a fight between the reformers and the reformation, the followers of the reformation ideas and in the other side, the supporters of Catholicism or the Catholic Church. 00:00:21
So, we are going to have religious wars in different European countries divided into different groups. 00:00:36
On one side, what we are going to have is the Catholics and in the other one, the Reformers. 00:00:45
And finally, what we are going to see is the Counter-Reformation. 00:00:55
It means the answer of the Catholic Church with regard to the Luther's thesis. 00:00:58
Remember, Luther published the 95 Theses, his 95 Theses, criticizing the Church, so the Catholic Church is going to answer with this, the Counter-Reformation, in Spanish is Contra-Reforma, okay? 00:01:06
It's going to be a religious movement, but this religious movement is going to start inside the Catholic Church and tries to defend the Catholic Church against the Reformation. 00:01:23
so let's begin let's go with the religious wars okay we are going to start with these wars and 00:01:35
these religious wars are going to start first in Germany of course remember Martin Luther was from 00:01:40
Germany the reformation movement Lutheranism is going to start there and remember this movement 00:01:47
is going to spread to different European countries so what we are going to have first is these 00:01:54
religious wars okay so let's begin after luther published his thesis remember the 95 this is 00:01:59
criticizing catholicism the conflict broke out okay so let's see what happened in europe let's 00:02:06
see what happened in germany and how this conflict is going to start okay so in the beginning the 00:02:14
church is going to answer uh is going to uh is going to answer uh directly they are going to 00:02:20
excommunicate luther what is to excommunicate someone okay you can excommunicate someone 00:02:27
expelling him or her out from the church so imagine you are a catholic but finally you do 00:02:36
something really bad so you cannot be part of the church anymore remember luther was a priest 00:02:45
okay so what they are going to the church is going to say okay you are excommunicate it means you are 00:02:52
out of the catholic church now they are going to do that in 1521 okay so the answer of the church 00:02:58
against luther against luther critics is going to is going to be excommunicate him okay so the 00:03:06
church is going to excommunicate Luther in 1521 and they are going to attempt to prosecute him 00:03:15
for heresy okay they are going to try to prosecute him for heresy it means they want to kill him 00:03:23
in the end because when they want to prosecute him is like to persecute him catch him and judge him 00:03:30
for heresy what is heresy heresy is when you are against so against two different 00:03:38
catholic or religious dogmas for example you are catholic you believe in god you believe in jesus 00:03:50
christ you believe in many different things related with the catholic church but in a specific moment 00:03:57
you said okay this is wrong i am not going to follow this specific dogma it means i'm not going 00:04:03
to follow this specific rule set by the catholic church so in that moment you are going to turn 00:04:10
into a heretic it means un hereje in spanish heretic means hereje in spanish and heresy means 00:04:21
here in spanish so the idea is the church is communicate as communicated luther in 1521 and 00:04:28
they are going to try to prosecute him for heresy it means for not to follow the dogmas of the 00:04:35
catholic church so if you think of it it makes sense because when luther is criticizing the 00:04:42
catholic church he is doing it in a specific way that is provoking this division inside the church 00:04:48
So it makes sense that the church is going to react this way, like excommunicated him, it means expelling him out of the church, of the catholic church, and then to try to prosecute him for heresy, because he is not following the dogmas. 00:04:56
Okay, this is what the church is going to do with regard to Luther. 00:05:10
in the other way in the political aspect okay this is a this communication is part of the 00:05:16
religious aspect but this movement this uh this religious movement the reformation is going to 00:05:23
have a political effect and the political effect is that part of the german nobles are going to 00:05:30
follow luther or they are going to protect luther why these german nobles are going to protect 00:05:37
luther okay the answer is easy if you remember when luther was publishing when luther published 00:05:44
his 95 thesis um he is going to gain the favor or he is going to have on his sides on his side 00:05:51
sorry the novels why because the novels wants the lands of the church these novels the german 00:06:00
novels are saying okay if the reformation succeed the religious movement is started by luther 00:06:07
succeed then we the nobles are going to acquire the lands of the catholic church so that we will 00:06:14
be richer and we will be more powerful okay makes sense so the idea is the church is going to 00:06:24
excommunicate luther in the religious aspect and they are going to try to prosecute him for 00:06:31
heresy it means saying that he isn't following the dogma the second step or the second sphere 00:06:37
of action is the political sphere and in this political sphere the german nobles are going to 00:06:44
say okay we are going to protect luther because the reformation is going to benefit us if luther 00:06:50
if the people start to follow luther and we won against the catholic church we will get the lands 00:06:57
of the church and also well we will be richer and we will have more possessions but also 00:07:07
we will be autonomous with regard to the emperor charles v the grandson of the catholic monarchs 00:07:13
okay i need to explain why these german nobles are going to be autonomous with regard to the 00:07:20
emperor if you remember the emperor and other kings uh they they're legitimate see it means 00:07:26
They were kings or emperors 00:07:35
Because God, or they said that 00:07:38
God chosen them to be the emperor or to be the king 00:07:41
So in this case 00:07:44
If Luther is followed by these nobles 00:07:46
These nobles are not going to follow the Catholic Church 00:07:51
And remember, the Pope is the representative of God on earth 00:07:55
So it means, the Pope is saying 00:08:00
okay charge the fifth is the emperor of the germans so charge the fifth must be the emperor 00:08:03
because god chosen him because i'm the representative of god the problem is these nobles 00:08:09
okay are going to say okay we are not going to believe anymore in the catholic church so that 00:08:15
we do not believe on the word of the of the pope so that charge the fifth has no power is not going 00:08:22
to be anymore the emperor and if he is going to be the emperor at least we are we do not have to 00:08:31
follow his rule because we are going to be autonomous we are going to believe in the same 00:08:37
god but we are not going to believe in the catholic church that is saying okay the emperor has the 00:08:42
power make sense so the idea is these german nobles are going to protect luther because of 00:08:47
two reasons they want the lands of the church because if they do not believe in the catholic 00:08:55
Church and the Catholic Church has no more power in Germany they can have the 00:08:59
lands of the church second if the Catholic Church has no more power in 00:09:05
Germany the Germans are not going to follow the church so if they do not 00:09:10
follow the Catholic Church they are not going to follow the Pope and the Pope is 00:09:14
the one as representative of governors saying that the Emperor of Germany is 00:09:19
is Charles V. So that the nobles are going to become autonomous with regard to the emperor. 00:09:24
In Spanish would be, los nobles alemanes van a proteger a Lutero porque quieren dos cosas. Uno, 00:09:33
las tierras de la iglesia. ¿De acuerdo? Quieren las tierras de la iglesia. Si la iglesia católica 00:09:40
ya no tiene peso en Alemania y quien tiene peso es la reforma de Lutero, la iglesia católica no 00:09:45
has nothing to do with germany therefore the germans the noble germans would stay 00:09:51
with the lands second carlos quinto is emperor by the grace of god who represents god on the 00:09:58
earth the pope if the nobles no longer follow the pope and therefore no longer follow the catholic church 00:10:05
what the pope says about carlos as an emperor does not matter to them therefore they become 00:10:12
And then, príncipes or nobles, autónomos dentro de Alemania. 00:10:20
Do you understand now in Spanish? 00:10:25
So, the idea is these German nobles are going to protect Luther because of these two reasons. 00:10:27
They want the lands of the church. 00:10:31
And also, what they want is not to be under control of Charles V. 00:10:33
What they want is to be autonomous, to do whatever they want in their own territories, in their own possessions. 00:10:38
okay so remember germany the holy roman empire is going to be divided in different regions 00:10:46
controlled by different nobles okay charge the fifth is controlling the empire and all these 00:10:56
nobles are supposed to be under control of the emperor because god has chosen the emperor 00:11:04
as now they are going to follow Luther that means break to break with the catholic church 00:11:12
they are not going to believe that God has chosen Charles V so they do not have to follow 00:11:20
Charles V rule so they are going to say I'm autonomous I'm going to control my possessions 00:11:26
and you Charles V can do nothing in my territories the problem in Germany is as you can see here 00:11:32
this Holy Roman Empire is going to be divided into two different areas the green one controlled by 00:11:40
the Catholics the yellow and red one controlled by the Protestants so what we are going to have 00:11:47
is a fight a war between the Protestants it means the red and yellow against the Catholics that they 00:11:53
are the green ones okay so let's see Charles is not someone that wants to impose their rule 00:12:01
So what he is going to do is try to talk to Luther and see if there is a possible solution for this problem. 00:12:10
It means Charles V is going to say, OK, I want to listen to Luther. 00:12:20
I want to see what you have to say and maybe we can get an arrangement and solve this problem. 00:12:25
So they are going to meet in this meeting. 00:12:31
Diet of worms. La dieta de worms. 00:12:34
Dieta means assembly means like Parliament okay so this is the dieta of 00:12:37
worms it means is like a Parliament like the Parliament in Spain so imagine in 00:12:45
this diet of worms in this assembly okay the different nobles the clergy the 00:12:50
Emperor here Luther here and they are talking trying to find an arrangement 00:12:57
between the Catholics and the reformers okay what is the problem there is not 00:13:03
going to be an arrangement they cannot find this arrangement so as there is no 00:13:10
agreement okay the diet is going to fail and so that we are going to have a civil 00:13:20
war in Germany remember Germany was divided in two different areas or the 00:13:26
Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire and Germany are the same so the idea is in 00:13:32
this Holy Roman Empire in this German territory we are going to have two 00:13:37
sides the Catholic side and the Protestant side the Protestant side is 00:13:42
going to be followed by the German nobles that they want to protect Luther 00:13:47
and Luther itself in the Catholic one is going to be led by Charles the fifth so 00:13:52
So we are going to have the emperor supporting the catholicism and the church and in the 00:13:58
other side the protestant nobles creating the esmalkaldic league. 00:14:04
In spanish is la liga esmalkalda. 00:14:11
So the problem is we have the church excommunicating Luther and trying to prosecute him by heresy 00:14:16
because he is not following the catholic dogma. 00:14:21
In the political sphere, we have the German nobles saying, okay, we are going to follow 00:14:24
Luther because we want the lands of the church and we want the emperor to have less power 00:14:29
over us. 00:14:36
We want to be autonomous. 00:14:37
Charles is going to try to solve this problem by talking, using dialogue, where? 00:14:38
In the Diet of Worms, in La Dieta de Worms, which is a meeting, an assembly, an assembly. 00:14:44
But they couldn't reach an agreement. 00:14:50
this diet is going to fail a war a civil war is going to broke out in Germany in 00:14:52
one side we have the Emperor supported by supporting the Catholic Catholicism 00:14:57
and the church and the other and in the other the protestant nobles 00:15:01
that they are going to create what is called Esmalkaldic league no La Liga 00:15:05
Esmalkalda so you see the Esmalkaldic league and the protestant states are 00:15:10
going to be the green ones okay remember these these red lines are the frontiers 00:15:16
of the Holy Roman Empire okay so these regions in green in dark green and in 00:15:23
light green are going to be the Protestant regions okay but the yellow 00:15:29
regions are going to be the Catholic ones and the orange ones are the 00:15:34
territories controlled by Charles V himself okay so the idea is the green 00:15:39
and the yellow territories again sorry the orange and yellow territories 00:15:47
against the light green and dark green territories okay so as you can see 00:15:51
Germany is going to be divided into halves okay the green one okay that is 00:15:57
the Protestant one and the orange and yellow one that are going to be the 00:16:03
Catholics who is going to win this war the Emperor the last battle is going to 00:16:07
be the Battle of Muehlberg in 1547 so imagine 1521 is the moment when Luther 00:16:14
was excommunicated okay and the Battle of Muehlberg is going to end with a 00:16:22
conflict the problem is this conflict is not going to end exactly okay the Battle 00:16:27
of Mühlberg is going to end with the war, but not with the conflict itself, ok? 00:16:34
So this civil war is going to end with this battle, but even when the Schmalkaldic League 00:16:40
has been defeated, Protestantism still exists in Germany, so the problem exists, ok? 00:16:46
So the idea is the battle is going to end with the civil war, but not with the religious 00:16:54
conflict. 00:16:59
So the idea is the emperor is going to win the war in this battle. 00:17:00
You can see this portrait, this painting of Charles V, is a painting of Titian, and what 00:17:03
we are going to see is Charles V fighting already for the battle of Muehlberg. 00:17:14
Charles V is going to win the battle, but he is not going to win the religious problem, 00:17:20
the religious problem is going to remain. 00:17:24
So finally Charles V is going to end this problem with this peace treaty, the peace 00:17:28
of Habsburg, the peace of Habsburgo, La Paz de Habsburgo in 1555. 00:17:36
What is going to happen in 1555 and what is the consequence of this peace of Habsburg? 00:17:47
The peace of Hausburg is going to say, or is going to make that the emperor is going to grant it the Protestant princes religious freedom. 00:17:53
It means the Protestant nobles, the Protestant princes are going to be free to choose their religion. 00:18:02
They could be Catholic or they could be Protestant. 00:18:12
So, the idea of this conflict or this religious war in Germany is that it's going to start 00:18:16
with the excommunication of Luther in 1521, that the German nobles are going to protect 00:18:23
Luther because they want the lands of the church and they want also to be autonomous, 00:18:28
not to be under control of Charles V. Third, that Charles is going to try to reach an agreement 00:18:32
using dialogue in the Diet of Worms in this meeting, but it's going to fail. 00:18:39
So that we are going to have a civil war, between the emperor, protecting Catholicism 00:18:45
and the church, and the protestant nobles forming the esmalticaldic league. 00:18:50
Who is going to win the war? 00:18:55
In the battle of Müller, in 1547, the emperor is going to win the war, but the conflict 00:18:57
is not going to be over, because the religious problem remained. 00:19:03
So everything is going to end in 1555, how? 00:19:08
With the Peace of Augsburg. 00:19:13
In this piece of Augsburg, the emperor is going to say, okay, the protestant princes 00:19:15
can choose their religion. 00:19:21
It means, in Germany we are going to have two religions, Catholicism and Protestantism. 00:19:24
If the prince, if the noble, the German noble is a protestant noble, in his or her possessions 00:19:32
the people is going to believe in luther or in protestantism while in those territories where 00:19:42
the princes are catholics the religion is going to be catholicism vale es un una un acuerdo en el que 00:19:49
cada uno va a querer en la religion que quiera no se va a imponer el catolicismo a toda alemania 00:19:57
okay who is going to win the religious conflict the protestant princess why because they are not 00:20:03
going to be Catholic the the Emperor is going to accept them as Protestants and 00:20:10
the Emperor is going to accept Protestantism inside the empire inside 00:20:15
the Empire okay here you have I will upload it to the 00:20:20
virtual a video of this diet of worms how Luther is going to defend his 00:20:26
position against the Emperor against Charles position okay these are going to 00:20:34
be the religious wars in Germany but we are going to have wars also in different 00:20:41
countries let's see this meme este meme lo hicimos Calvino hemos salvado la 00:20:46
cristiandad remember Luther and John Calvin didn't want to end with 00:20:51
Catholicism what they want is to reform Catholicism to reform the church 00:20:59
but in the end what they are going to provoke is this division and 00:21:04
The church we are going to have the Catholic Church in one side and they are going to and there is going to be 00:21:08
Protestantism in the other side. That's why this meme is saying, okay, we save Christianity and they set fire to the whole 00:21:14
city to the whole 00:21:22
Religion a religious countries. Okay. Oh the the whole sorry the whole Catholic countries, okay 00:21:25
Okay, other religious wars, we are going to have, after the Peace of Habsburg, the Protestant 00:21:31
conflict provoked wars in other European countries. 00:21:44
One is going to be France, if you remember in France we are going to have Protestants, 00:21:47
they are going to call Huguenots, so in the second half of the 16th century we are going 00:21:53
to fight we are going to see this war this wars between the Catholics and the 00:21:59
Protestants inside France exactly the same as in Germany France was a Catholic 00:22:03
Kingdom when Protestantism spread in France there is going to break out a new 00:22:10
they're going to break out a new war okay so in this war it is famous this 00:22:17
massacre of the Protestant on San Bartholomew's day in 1572 these are some 00:22:24
pictures the Catholics are going to start killing all the Huguenots all the 00:22:30
Protestants in Paris and other regions in France so this fight this war between 00:22:35
the Protestants and the Catholics are going to lead to this type of massacres 00:22:43
to this type of conflict it means Catholics killing the different 00:22:51
Protestants okay do in the day of San Bartolomeo okay in 1572 simply 00:22:57
it is a massacre the Catholics kill the Protestants this day the day of 00:23:05
San Bartolomeo in 1572 this conflict is going to end in 1598 when King Henry the 00:23:09
fourth is going to publish this edict is like a law okay the edict of Nantes 00:23:19
granting religious freedom to the Protestants so in the end in France what 00:23:25
we are going to have in the second half of the 16th century is the same 00:23:31
conflict as in Germany and the same the same solution a law in this case the 00:23:34
edict of Nantes saying okay you can believe whatever you want okay so the 00:23:41
idea is the Protestant can live in France and be Protestants and the 00:23:46
Catholics can live in France and be Catholics ok Henry the fourth the king 00:23:50
of France in 1598 is going to publish is going to sign this edict of Nantes and 00:23:56
this edict of Nantes is going to grant the religious freedom it means every 00:24:03
everyone can believe on the religion they want ok so this is the conflict 00:24:09
in France, we are going to have, well, this is Henry IV, okay, the king of France, the one that 00:24:16
is going to sign this edict, and what we are going to have is another problem in the low countries, 00:24:22
okay, let's check this map, the low countries are these regions, okay, nowadays, or present day, 00:24:28
this is Belgium, and this is Holland, the Netherlands, sorry, so, this is, are the 00:24:34
Netherlands and this is Belgium okay so this is Belgium this is the Netherlands so the important 00:24:41
thing is this territory was part of the territory of Charles V and after him Philip II 00:24:51
Felipe II is going to control these territories Felipe II was catholic the problem is 00:24:58
protestantism spread to the north of these territories so these people these 00:25:04
Protestants are going to fight against Catholicism and against the Spanish 00:25:10
against Philip II and this conflict is going to last from 1568 till 1648 is the 00:25:15
80 years war because it's 80 years of conflict okay this conflict is going to 00:25:23
be a conflict that is going to is going to be a religious conflict between 00:25:29
Catholicism and Calvinism but also is going to be a political conflict is a 00:25:34
is the fight of the lower countries nobles against the Spanish rule okay who 00:25:41
is going to win the Protestants they are going to achieve independence they are 00:25:51
not going to be under the Spanish control anymore after 1648 okay so the 00:25:57
Calvinism the Calvinists are going to win okay the main concept well okay 00:26:03
that's the idea okay so this is the conflict the low countries 80 years war 00:26:10
80 years of war okay started in 1568 when Felipe segundo is ruling Spain and 00:26:18
ruling this area these territories the protestants that they are calvinists are going to rise up 00:26:24
against the catholic the catholics that they are the spanish okay and they are going to fight in 00:26:30
the north against the south that is is catholic okay in the end in 1648 this region in green is 00:26:37
going to be for spain and the region in orange is going to be for the protestants and this region 00:26:45
is going to be independent against this region that is going to remain under Spanish control, 00:26:53
okay? Este es un territorio que hereda Carlos V cuando empieza a ser rey de España y de todos 00:27:00
estos territorios, ¿vale? Que lo pasa a su hijo Felipe y Felipe se encuentra con este problema, 00:27:07
los protestantes, el protestantismo se extiende por el norte de los Países Bajos y comienzan 00:27:12
una guerra contra los españoles. 80 años de guerra que pierden los españoles en favor de los 00:27:18
protestantes. After that war, this region is going to be the Netherlands and they are going to be 00:27:24
independent, while the south is going to remain under Spanish control and is going to remain 00:27:29
Catholic. After all these religious wars, the main consequence is the emperor and the pope 00:27:35
became less influential. Of course, the Pope is going to be less influential 00:27:44
because the reform, the Reformation is going to spread in Europe and also the 00:27:48
Emperor is going to have less power because he finally accepted 00:27:54
Protestantism inside Germany. So these are going to be the religious wars. The 00:27:59
last part we need to see now is this the counter-reformation this last slide okay 00:28:09
so you need to understand that reformation is going to spread in Europe 00:28:19
but there are going to be most of the territory most of the European 00:28:25
territory is going to be Catholic okay what is going to happen in this Catholic 00:28:29
territories they are going to develop their own religious movement and this 00:28:34
religious movement is called counter-reformation because is a reaction 00:28:39
against the Reformation is a reaction against Lutheranism and Calvinism and 00:28:44
Anglicanism all this type of reform reformation religions okay or reform 00:28:52
religions so the counter-reformation was a religious intellectual and political 00:29:01
movement but led by the Catholic Church against the Protestant against the 00:29:07
Protestant Reformation okay so the idea is the Catholic Church is going to be 00:29:12
criticized by Luther and Luther is going to create the Reformation movement that 00:29:18
is a religious movement against or criticizing sorry the Catholic Church so 00:29:23
the Catholic Church is going to develop its own religious intellectual and 00:29:30
political movement called counter-reformation saying okay let's see 00:29:34
what what we need to change and how can we protect the Catholic Church how can 00:29:39
we protect the Pope okay so they are going to create this they are going to 00:29:44
meet they are going to gather in the Council of Trent Concilio de Trento 00:29:50
Trent is in Italy so in the Council of Trent the church the Catholic Church is 00:29:55
going to evaluate the situation of the Catholic Church and they are going to 00:30:02
start they are going to start taking some measures in order to make the 00:30:09
Catholic Church better. It means la iglesia católica sabe que tiene unos 00:30:18
problemas, que a Lutero no le falta parte de razón y por tanto se reúnen en el 00:30:25
concilio de Trento para tratar de solucionar los problemas de la iglesia y 00:30:30
hacer que la iglesia católica pueda ser aceptable para todos los católicos 00:30:35
incluidos los reformistas, los reformadores. ¿Vale? So the answer, the 00:30:39
religious and political answer of the Catholic Church is to create to to 00:30:45
summon the Council of Trent in order to solve the problems of the church those 00:30:50
problems that Luther has pointed out why they are going to summon this Council of 00:30:55
Trent because they want to make the Catholic Church attractive to all the 00:31:04
Catholics okay they want the Catholic they want the Catholic Church not to 00:31:11
have problems and to make it attractive to the other Catholics it means they 00:31:16
want to fight against reformation and said okay we the Catholic Church are 00:31:20
going to take the measures needed in order to make the Catholic Church the 00:31:25
best church ever and try to avoid reformation okay this movement this 00:31:30
This Catholic movement is called Counter-Reformation. 00:31:38
So let's see the Council of Trent. 00:31:43
The Council is going to meet from 1545 till 1563 and they want to reform the Catholic 00:31:45
Church in three main areas. 00:31:51
So let's see which areas the Catholic Church is going to be reformed by the Council of 00:31:54
Trent. 00:32:02
The first one is a clarification of their teachings. 00:32:04
It means they are going to make some point clear and they are going to say all the dogmas 00:32:07
and principles criticized by the Protestants are going to be rejected. 00:32:13
They are going to be maintained. 00:32:17
It means, for example, the Catholic Church is going to say the priest is necessary in 00:32:19
order to interpret the Bible to the people, to the Catholics. 00:32:25
Second, they are going to recognize the Pope as the highest authority in the Church. 00:32:30
So remember Luther, Martin Luther criticized the priest, he said we do not need a priest, 00:32:37
we do not need someone to interpret the Bible for us, second he was criticizing the Pope, 00:32:45
the Pope as the head of the church, the Pope as the representative of God on earth, Luther 00:32:51
is saying ok, me individually if I read the Bible I will be independent and I will talk 00:32:57
to God directly, I do not need the Pope as representative of God on earth, I will be 00:33:05
independent, ok? 00:33:12
The Catholics can read the Bible, the Catholics can interpret the Bible on their own, so they 00:33:15
can be independent, ok? 00:33:20
They do not need the priest, they do not need the Pope in order to talk to God, in order 00:33:22
to understand and interpret the Bible, but Catholicism in this Council of Trent is going 00:33:27
to say you are wrong luther the priest is the priests are needed and the pope is necessary 00:33:32
so in the catholic church okay in the catholic areas regions kingdoms the priests are going to 00:33:38
be essential and the pope is going to be essential too okay while in the reformed territories 00:33:46
in the lutheran territories or calvinist territories the pope has no power and the 00:33:55
priests are not needed make sense the second the second area that is going to be reformed 00:34:01
is an internal reform they are going to persecute a corruption they are going to say okay luther is 00:34:11
right in this way we need to persecute corruption of the church for example the bishops are going to 00:34:18
be strictly controlled they cannot have babies they cannot have these relations with women etc 00:34:24
so the bishops are going to be strictly controlled second they are going it is going to be banished 00:34:30
or prohibited to sell indulgences okay they are going to end with this business okay so the 00:34:37
council of trent is saying okay luther you are right the bishops must be controlled and they 00:34:45
are going to be controlled second luther you are right the sale of indulgences is not is not good 00:34:51
we need to prohibit it okay finally we are going to train the priest the priests are going to know 00:34:58
how to read how to write they are not how to interpret correctly the bible and they are going 00:35:05
to be able to to do what they are supposed to do as priests it means they are going to follow the 00:35:10
dogma and they are going to follow the catholic rules so the council of trent is going to say 00:35:17
Okay, you are wrong Luther regarding to this matter, regarding to the priest and the Pope, but you are right with this problem of corruption and we are going to solve this problem. 00:35:23
And also the Council of Trent is going to create this religious order called Jesuits, in Spanish, Jesuitas, ¿vale? 00:35:35
In Spanish is La Sociedad de Jesús, La Compañía de Jesús, sorry, and in English is The Society of Jesus. 00:35:45
This religious order is going to spread the ideas of the Council of Trent, it means the 00:35:53
ideas of the Counter-Reformation. 00:36:01
So in Europe we are going to have the Protestants controlling some countries and the Catholics 00:36:04
controlling other countries. 00:36:09
In the regions controlled by the Protestants they are not going to have priests, they are 00:36:11
not going to follow the Pope, and they are going to follow their own dogmas, while in 00:36:15
the catholic regions what they are going to follow is the the laws or the rules established by the 00:36:23
council of trent and this council of trent is going to create this religious order the jesuits 00:36:30
in order to spread the teachings of this counter-reformation it means to spread the idea 00:36:36
of we need the priest in order to interpret the bible and we need the pope as the highest authority 00:36:43
in the in the church okay and also to say the bishops are going to be 00:36:49
controlled cells of the indulgences are going to be prohibited and the priest 00:36:54
must be trained and they are going to be trained okay this is the symbol the sign 00:36:58
of the Jesuits of the Society of Jesus you have here also the symbol okay and 00:37:05
these are Jesuits they are going to defend the Catholic Church and they are 00:37:12
going to defend the counter-reformation finally what the Council of Trent is 00:37:17
going to do is repress the Protestantism they are going to fight against 00:37:24
Protestantism okay so they are going to find Protestantism as heretic and they 00:37:30
are going to use the Inquisition to persecute Protestantism okay so the last 00:37:35
change is to prosecute to prosecute protestantism to use the inquisition to 00:37:42
persecute them and to end with protestantism okay for example here you 00:37:48
have philip ii and his son charles that they are looking to this fire 00:37:54
this fire is protestants that they are going to be 00:37:59
killed they are going to be burned out because they are protestants 00:38:02
and the current reformation establishes the repression 00:38:06
of these protestants in the catholic regions okay this is the reason why philip the second 00:38:10
is going to fight against the lower countries rebellion okay that they were calvinist okay 00:38:17
you remember we were talking about this conflict okay i will go back and see okay this conflict 00:38:26
the lower countries conflict between the protestants and the catholics okay is in 1568 00:38:32
remember the the Council of Trent has ended in 1563 so Philip the second is 00:38:38
going to fight against these Protestants in the low countries using his army so 00:38:46
in Spain he is going to burn out different Protestants so he's going to 00:38:53
kill Protestants burning them alive okay so the consequence is Catholicism is 00:38:58
going to be maintained in the southern and part of Central Europe countries so 00:39:07
these regions in green are going to be the Catholic countries and these regions 00:39:13
in yellow pink and red are going to be the Protestant regions so as you can see 00:39:19
there is a religious problem in Europe we have the Catholic countries against 00:39:26
the Protestant countries and here is the conflict the 80 years wars that is going 00:39:33
to fight that is going to start Philip the second okay this is a territory of 00:39:40
Philip of Felipe okay the Protestants are going to rise up against Philip and 00:39:46
Philip in Spain is going to say okay let's fight against them using our army 00:39:51
let's fight against them because they are heretic as the Council of Trent has established 00:39:56
so he is going to fight using his army against these people 00:40:06
and finally he is going to lose the battle, he is going to lose the war 00:40:10
so this is all related with the religious wars and the counter-reformation 00:40:14
to sum up what we have is this civil war in Germany in the beginning 00:40:21
fighting Protestants and Catholics. Charles V finally is going to end with 00:40:26
the conflict letting the Protestant nobles to be Protestant to not to follow 00:40:31
the Pope not to be Catholic and in other countries like France or the Low 00:40:36
Countries is going to start also a conflict between the Catholics and the 00:40:41
Protestants. The answer to Protestantism by the Catholic Church is 00:40:46
is called Counter-Reformation, and they are going to accept to change some things, some 00:40:53
issues that Luther pointed out, but they are not going to change others, like the priests, 00:41:01
that they are going to be essential to interpret the Bible, or the Pope, that is going to be 00:41:07
the highest authority in the Catholic Church. 00:41:12
Also the Counter-Reformation is going to use the Jesuits, this religious order, to spread 00:41:15
the ideas of the counter-reformation and finally and finally they are going to 00:41:21
establish that they must fight against Protestantism it means in those countries 00:41:27
that they the Catholicism is the most important religion Protestantism has no 00:41:34
power so they need to fight against Protestantism they are going to fund it 00:41:41
heretic and they are going to persecute it using the Inquisition okay this 00:41:47
religious conflict it means the fight between Catholicism in one side and 00:41:53
Protestantism in the other is going to be the basis for one of the most 00:41:58
important wars the 30 year wars in the 17th century we are talking about the 00:42:04
16th century so the next century we are going to have a huge war called 30 years 00:42:10
war and it's going to be against a religious war but it's going to involve 00:42:16
all the European countries in one side we are going to have the Catholic 00:42:20
countries and in the other side we are going to have the Protestant countries 00:42:24
Autor/es:
Rubén Peinado González
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
86
Fecha:
22 de marzo de 2020 - 23:10
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
42′ 32″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
256.26 MBytes

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