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5. Nazism in Germany

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Subido el 29 de marzo de 2020 por Ruben P.

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Okay, so today we are going to start with the Nazism in Germany. It means the Nazi regime. We are going to see how Hitler is going to reach power. If you remember in the last video, what we studied was fascism in Italy. Remember, fascism in Italy was established in 1922. 00:00:00
Mussolini started create or start to create this specific authoritarian regime in 1922 so what we 00:00:19
are going to see is that this Nazi regime is going to be start to be built in 1933 it means 00:00:28
eleven years after Mussolini took power okay so before we study or we start explaining how Hitler 00:00:35
is going to reach power what we need to see is what is going on in Germany after 00:00:44
the war okay so first thing you need to remember is in 1871 we saw or we studied 00:00:49
how Germany is going to be unified okay remember Bismarck Bismarck signing that 00:00:57
treaty in with French with France sorry Germany obtaining Alsace and Lorraine 00:01:03
and Germany creating the second Empire okay the Bismarck created the second 00:01:10
Empire and this one was ruling Germany along with an emperor this emperor is 00:01:17
going to be a Guillermo segundo osea Guillermo primero sorry and if you 00:01:23
remember in 1890 after the first world war before the first world war what we 00:01:30
are going to have is Guillermo I, Guillermo I is going to die and is going to be succeeded 00:01:36
by Guillermo II, so Guillermo II is going to reach power or is going to obtain power 00:01:43
or control Germany in 1890 and Bismarck is going to resign, remember Bismarck wasn't 00:01:49
in favor of Guillermo II's policy, foreign policy and Guillermo II was looking for the 00:01:56
the war, Guillermo II was looking for defeating Great Britain and controlling Europe. 00:02:06
So the idea is Guillermo II is going to be defeated in the First World War, during the 00:02:14
First World War Germany, or after the First World War Germany is going to be defeated, 00:02:21
so Germany is not going to be anymore an empire, Germany is going to turn into a republic. 00:02:25
this is the moment where we are now in the post-war Germany we are in a 00:02:33
republic this Republic is going to be called the Weimar Republic okay and it's 00:02:38
going to be called Weimar Republic because Weimar is going to be now the 00:02:44
capital city of the new state the new Republic okay so that's the idea in 00:02:50
1918 at the end of 1918 after Germany was defeated in the First World War 00:02:57
Guillermo Segundo is going to resign Guillermo Segundo is going to go into 00:03:05
exile to the Netherlands and in Germany what is going to be established is a 00:03:09
Republic okay it's going to be the Weimar Republic Weimar is the name of a 00:03:15
city and it's going to be the capital city of this new Germany of this new 00:03:19
Republic okay so this Weimar Republic is going to be founded in that moment 00:03:23
and it's going to be a constitutional and democratic system if you remember 00:03:27
the second Empire the second German Empire is going to have some liberal 00:03:33
institutions some liberal characteristics but this my my Republic 00:03:39
is not going to be is not going to only have some liberal characteristics lies 00:03:44
to have a constitution is going to be a democratic system and that's the 00:03:50
thing what we have is a republic that is going to be democratic okay for the 00:03:54
first time in his history and its history Germany is going to be a 00:04:01
republic and it's going to be a democratic Republic okay so the idea is 00:04:06
the Weimar Republic born in 1918 at the end of 1918 is going to be a 00:04:11
constitutional democratic system and the two parties that they are going to 00:04:17
control this Republic are going to be the socialists it means social 00:04:21
democratic party the social democratic party it means it's like nowadays the 00:04:25
PSOE in Spain in Spain and the Christian Democrats the Christian 00:04:31
Democrats are conservative but they because they are Catholic but they are a 00:04:36
Catholic in a social way it means they truly believe in Jesus Christ teachings 00:04:41
it means they believe that a wealthy or the richness should be spread among the 00:04:48
people that there there must not be poverty okay and they are going to be 00:04:56
Democrats so they are going to support this democratic system so it means if 00:05:01
they are socialists is because they want to make to improve the working and 00:05:05
living conditions of the workers and the peasants and the Christian Democrats too 00:05:11
They want also to improve the social and working and living conditions of the workers and the peasants 00:05:16
So both of them are going to support this republic, the Weimar Republic 00:05:28
And both of them are going to support this constitutional democratic system 00:05:33
So it's the first democracy in Germany 00:05:38
The first democratic system in Germany in its history 00:05:41
The problem of this Weimar Republic is that it's going to be weak, okay? 00:05:45
Passerdevil, okay? It's weak 00:05:50
Why is it going to be weak? 00:05:52
Because inside Germany we are going to have two different groups of people 00:05:54
Two different parties that they are going to fight to end with this republic 00:06:00
Because these two parties do not support a constitution and do not support democracy 00:06:05
So, these two parties are going to support a different type of state, ok? 00:06:10
The first one is the communist party, ok? 00:06:18
The communist party that is going to be called Spartacist, ok? 00:06:21
We can see, well, this is Germany, after the war, if you check Alsace and Lorraine is not 00:06:26
part anymore of Germany, Alsace and Lorraine are part of France now, and this territory 00:06:33
has been lost in favor of a new country, Poland. 00:06:40
Later on we will check two maps, the map before the war and the map after the war, the European 00:06:46
map before the war and after the war, so you'll check that this territory that now is Poland 00:06:51
after the war, it used to be Russian territory, but if you remember the Brest-Litovsk Treaty 00:06:57
made these territories to be independent, ok? 00:07:04
So they created this new country after the war, that is going to be Poland, and Poland 00:07:10
is going to acquire part of the German territory, and is going to divide these two territories, 00:07:15
the Eastern Prussia with the rest of Prussia, ok? 00:07:22
So what I was saying is this Weimar Republic is going to have two main opponents, and they 00:07:27
are going to be the communists and the nazis so the communists are going to be the opponents 00:07:34
from the left wing it's a left-wing party in a party of izquierdas no this communist party that 00:07:39
is going to is going to be called the spartacist movement spartacist is just the name that the 00:07:45
communists are going to have in germany that's it do not think about a different thing so the 00:07:53
the spartacist movement is the communist movement in germany okay why this communist uprising or 00:08:00
why this communist want to end with this democratic system because they want to carry out a revolution 00:08:08
like the russian revolution if you remember a year before it means in 1917 a year before this 00:08:15
Weimar Republic was created the Russians the communists the Bolsheviks carry out a revolution 00:08:24
in Russia and they and they created a communist state so that's what this espartacist or communist 00:08:30
movement in Germany want they want to carry out a revolution and end with the Weimar Republic 00:08:38
why because they do not support liberal ideas constitution they do not support democracy 00:08:45
What they want is a communist country 00:08:52
They want a communist state in order to carry out the communist revolution 00:08:55
And establish the communist society 00:09:01
They do not want democracy, they do not want a constitution 00:09:03
What they want is to reach power, to carry out the revolution 00:09:07
And then force the situation in order to create the communist society 00:09:11
okay this revolution is going to be carried out in 1919 in january 1919 it means like one almost 00:09:16
two months after this weimar republic was born it means since the very beginning the weimar republic 00:09:27
is going to have problems because not everyone in germany is supporting this republic is supporting 00:09:32
this democratic system not everyone is supporting this democratic system we have two main parties 00:09:38
the Socialist Democratic and Christian Democrats they are going to support 00:09:44
this Republic but the Communists or the Spartacists choose the the word you 00:09:50
prefer they are not going to support this Republic okay remember Spartacist 00:09:56
means communist okay in Germany so they are going to carry out this revolution 00:10:01
in 1919 they are not going to succeed they are going to be defeated okay the 00:10:06
other attempt in order to end with the republic is going to came from the 00:10:14
extreme right and it's going to came from the Nazi party these Nazis along 00:10:19
with the army part of the army it means part of the lecitho II el partido nazi 00:10:25
are going to carry out the Munich push what is the Munich push is is a 00:10:32
a military coup carried out in this city, in Munich, ok? 00:10:38
So they carried out this military coup in Munich. 00:10:44
When they are going to carry out this military coup? 00:10:49
In 1923, it means four years after the communist attempt to end with the Weimar Republic. 00:10:51
So what you can see is in the five first years of life of the Weimar Republic, this Weimar 00:11:00
Republic is going to face a communist revolution in 1919 and a military coup 00:11:07
from a led by the extreme right in Munich in 1923 okay both both attempts 00:11:13
to end with the Weimar Republic are going to fail okay both attempts are 00:11:22
going to fail so let's check this this is Rosa Luxemburgo and he is Karl 00:11:27
Liebknecht okay so Rosa Luxemburgo and Karl Liebknecht both are communist both 00:11:34
are the leaders of the Spartacist movement both are going to carry out 00:11:40
this revolution in 1919 okay these two persons okay are going to let the 00:11:45
Communist Party in order to end with the Weimar Republic and carry out a 00:11:52
communist revolution in Germany but they are going to fail okay so this is for 00:11:59
example the different communists they have different weapons they have what 00:12:07
this is not coming sorry this are this is the army but they are fighting the 00:12:13
communists in on the streets as you can see so this revolution is going to lead 00:12:17
to barricades and it's going to lead to a fight between the army and the 00:12:22
communists okay as you can see here are the people injured people they are 00:12:29
fighting in the streets in Germany in all Germany looking for this revolution 00:12:34
to succeed but the communists are going to fail okay this attempt this 00:12:42
communist revolution is going to be carried out in 1919 but is going to fail 00:12:49
the other one is the Munich push this military coup carried out by the Nazis 00:12:54
and is going to be carried out in 1923 but is going to fail too so these are 00:12:58
some images of the Nazis when they started to try to take the streets in 00:13:03
Munich in order to to carry out this military coup but they are going to fail 00:13:12
okay the situation in Germany wasn't good you see these two political 00:13:19
movements against this constitutional democratic republic but the situation is 00:13:26
not going to be good because of other reasons remember the the first world war 00:13:31
was lost by Germany so Germany was one of the countries that lose the war so 00:13:37
this situation is not going to be positive for the country so the idea is 00:13:43
this Treaty of Versailles is going to be negative for most of the population in 00:13:49
Germany why is going to be negative for the Germans okay is going to be 00:13:55
considered humiliating okay lo consider humiliation para Alemania why first 00:14:00
because this Treaty of Versailles is going to establish that Germany is 00:14:06
guilty it means Germany is the responsible of the war they are going to 00:14:10
say okay you Germany are the responsible for this war okay so you are guilty this 00:14:14
is the first main idea Germany is guilty Germany is responsible for the First 00:14:19
World War second as Germany is guilty there are going to be high economic 00:14:26
reparations it means Germany needs to pay a lot of money to the victorious 00:14:32
countries why Germany needs to pay money to the victorious countries because 00:14:39
these victorious countries are saying okay we were forced to fight in the war 00:14:44
because Germany wanted the war we need to rebuild our countries so you Germany 00:14:48
as responsible are going to pay to us in order to rebuild our countries okay so 00:14:55
that's the idea it's going to be considered humiliating because they are 00:15:03
to establish that germany is guilty germany is the responsible for the first world war 00:15:07
second germany is going to pay reparations to these victorious countries but they are 00:15:11
is going to pay a lot of money a lot okay it's going to be forced germany is going to be forced 00:15:17
to reduce its army it means they are going to establish that they can have only 100 000 soldiers 00:15:25
no more okay only 100 000 soldiers and they are going to feel that they have been defeated in the 00:15:31
war so that's what they are going to consider or also something negative okay so this treaty 00:15:40
of versailles is going to say you are guilty responsible for everything you are going to pay 00:15:47
for it you are going to give us money in order to rebuild our countries you are not going to have a 00:15:51
strong army you are going to have just 100 000 soldiers and finally you have been defeated so 00:15:56
assume that you lost the war okay so that's why they are going to consider the treaty overseas 00:16:02
overseas humiliating okay and this is going to create unrest among people and rest means 00:16:09
that the people are angry, that the people are unhappy, the word is 00:16:17
discontent, ok? so unrest among people is going to spread due to this Treaty of 00:16:22
Versailles but remember this Treaty of Versailles also means lost part of the 00:16:28
territory ok Alsace and Lorraine remember this territory Alsace and Lorraine is 00:16:33
now French and it's going to lose this territory remember the Russian Empire 00:16:38
had a frontier with Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire after the First 00:16:43
World War Germany is going to be divided in two pieces is going to lose Alsace and Lorraine 00:16:49
all these territories that used to be Russian are going to be new 00:16:56
countries okay Poland is a new country and they are going to be created due to 00:17:02
to the brest-litovsk treaty remember that brest-litovsk treaty meant that these territories 00:17:09
was supposed to be were supposed to be german but after the first world war when germany was 00:17:16
defeated they are going to be independent so germany is going to lose the war is going to 00:17:21
need to pay money to the other countries to the victorious countries and is going to lose alsace 00:17:27
and lorraine and is going to lose these territories that they are now polish okay 00:17:32
but the other part is that Germany after the first world war is going to suffer an economic crisis why 00:17:37
Germany is going to suffer an economic crisis due to the consequences of the first world war it means 00:17:45
the industrial production is going to decrease the agricultural production is going to decrease there 00:17:52
are going to be factories destroyed a demographic crisis because Germany has lot has lost a lot of 00:17:57
human lives okay human beings soldiers and civil people civilians were killed 00:18:06
during the First World War so they are going to suffer this economic crisis 00:18:13
that means poverty and unemployment if the production the industrial production 00:18:18
and the agricultural production decrease it means unemployment to increase okay 00:18:24
also they are going to suffer inflection that is going to lead to the 00:18:29
depreciation of the mark the mark is the name of the coin okay it's like the euro 00:18:34
nowadays okay but it's el marco in Spanish el marco el marco aleman okay 00:18:40
is the name of the coin in Germany the mark so the idea is due to this economic 00:18:46
crisis poverty is going to spread and unemployment is going to increase okay 00:18:51
they are producing less so unemployment is going to increase also if the 00:18:56
production decreases if we think of the law of the offer of demand if we have 00:19:01
less offer but more demand what we are going to see is how the prices are going 00:19:07
to increase okay so that is going to create an inflection is movement okay 00:19:13
inflection is going to appear and this inflection is going to lead to 00:19:18
depreciation of the mark it means to make the mark a less valuable okay like 00:19:23
idea is the inflection is a depreciation of the frame that is to say that the frame loses 00:19:31
value the boat loses power loses value what does it mean that before with a frame you buy a 00:19:37
bread bar now with a frame you do not buy absolutely anything you will need 100 frames to buy 00:19:43
a bread bar because because the frame is worth much less than it used to be worth so that's why we can 00:19:49
see this type of images you see this basket with bills basket with bills so 00:19:56
this person this woman is going to buy a lettuce in order to buy the lettuce what 00:20:02
she needs is to pay a lot of marks imagine the euro is depreciated and now 00:20:07
in order to pay for the for the bread you are not going to pay 60 cents you 00:20:12
are going to pay ten euros so imagine if the bread is a piece of bread is ten 00:20:19
euros imagine how much could be a television okay you need to pay like 00:20:27
ten thousand euros is just because the euro would be depreciated it means the 00:20:31
euro is not going to have the same value is going to have less value than before 00:20:36
so the idea is thank you to the inflection the people needs to carry out 00:20:42
a lot of money because the mark is going to be depreciated, that is, the mark is depreciated, it 00:20:47
is worth much less than what it was worth before, therefore if I want to buy a lettuce I have to pay a 00:20:53
lot, that's why I have so many bills, because the bill itself, a bill, is not worth practically 00:20:57
anything, I can't buy practically anything, I have to pay with a large amount of bills. 00:21:03
So that's the economic crisis, poverty and unemployment and inflation led to the depreciation of the mark. 00:21:09
what else you see after 1929 we are going to talk about the crisis right 00:21:14
away so you what you are going to see is the wages are going to decrease okay and 00:21:23
money research is going to decrease our unemployment is going to increase a lot 00:21:27
okay almost 6 million people are going to be unemployed in 19 between 1932-1933 00:21:32
remember 1933 is the moment where Hitler is going to reach power and as you see 00:21:42
this is the Nazi regime before the Second World War you see how 00:21:49
unemployment is going to decrease decrease decrease decrease so the policy 00:21:53
the economic policy of Hitler is going to be effective is going to make 00:21:58
unemployment to decrease really fast okay in Germany so what we are going to 00:22:03
see is finally the 1929 crisis okay is going to provoke or is going to cause 00:22:10
many banks to go to bankrupt like in the US remember we have a study the 1929 00:22:15
crisis so now what we are going to see is this crisis is going to affect 00:22:21
Germany so banks are going to go to bankrupt factories are going to close so 00:22:25
unemployment and social unrest is going to increase remember how unemployment is 00:22:30
going to increase from 1929 till 1933 okay from less than 500,000 almost to 6 00:22:35
million people okay so in just four years we are going to see how this 00:22:45
unemployment is going to increase really fast so as you can understand before 00:22:52
before Hitler reached power what we have is a weak Republic a weak Democratic 00:22:57
Republic with two main parties okay with an attempt of the left wing of the 00:23:04
Communists in 1919 to control the country and end with the 00:23:10
Republic and an attempt of the extreme right in 1923 to end with the Republic 00:23:15
they couldn't reach or they couldn't reach their goals they couldn't 00:23:21
succeed okay but the unrest among people is going to spread due to the Treaty of 00:23:26
overseas thanks to these characteristics and the economic crisis 00:23:31
and the most important one is going to be the economic crisis not after the 00:23:36
war that is this one but the crisis of 1929 that is going to make unemployment 00:23:39
to increase really fast and is going to make the wages salaries to decrease 00:23:46
really fast too okay so after this is the moment when Adolf Hitler is going to 00:23:51
reach power. So let's see how Hitler is going to reach power. The third thing you 00:24:00
need to know is Adolf Hitler is going to join the Nazi Party, the National 00:24:06
Socialist Workers Party of Germany. He is going to 00:24:11
join it in 1920 but he is going to be the leader by 1921. Remember Hitler is 00:24:19
from Austria, Hitler is going to participate in the First World War and 00:24:25
And his experience in the First World War is going to change him, okay? 00:24:29
It's going to make him think in a different way, okay? 00:24:34
The second thing you need to know is when we talk about the Nazi Party is the Nationalist and Socialist Party. 00:24:37
It means they have a strong nationalist feeling and socialist feeling, not exactly. 00:24:43
The idea is they are going to be nationalists and they are going to be socialists only for Germany. 00:24:53
for German people it means they are going to be nationalist and what they want is 00:24:59
German to be the first it means we do not want a democracy we want only Germans to vote 00:25:04
if we want a votation system but they want an authoritarian system so what they want is 00:25:11
nationalism above everything it means this party is really close to the Italian fascism 00:25:17
ideology they want first an authoritarian regime second what they 00:25:28
have is a strong nationalist feeling okay and third related with socialism it 00:25:34
means they want the workers to have better conditions they want the the 00:25:40
workers to have it to have better working conditions but not all the 00:25:45
workers only the German workers okay that's why nationalism is the most 00:25:50
important part of this party or of this ideology so the idea is Adolf Hitler is 00:25:56
going to join this party in 1920 and he's going to became the leader of this 00:26:04
party really fast in 1921 and this party is going to look at the fascism movement 00:26:08
in Italy so they are going to the ideology is going to be based on 00:26:16
nationalism okay and not exactly socialism they are going to take from 00:26:21
socialism the idea of a better working conditions and better life conditions 00:26:26
for the workers okay but only the German workers that why is nationalist national 00:26:31
socialist workers party of German so here we have a other Hitler okay this is 00:26:37
going to be the leader he is going to be the leader of the Nazi party in 1921 and 00:26:47
this party is going to create really soon this militias okay it means people 00:26:53
that they are civilians but they are going to have weapons they are going to 00:27:00
have guns they are going to have machine guns why because they are going to 00:27:05
oppose violently the Republic remember the Munich push okay in 1923 this 00:27:09
military coup carried out by the nazis and part of the army so it's a violent opposition against 00:27:16
the republic they do not want this democratic republic what they want is an authoritarian 00:27:24
regime like the mussolini one a nationalist regime and to give better life conditions and 00:27:29
working conditions to the german workers only to the german workers because the germans go first 00:27:36
Not the people that they are not Germans but they live in Germany 00:27:43
So which is going to be the name of these militias? 00:27:48
They are going to create two main groups 00:27:52
The SA, the assault troops 00:27:54
This is the translation from these two words in German 00:27:59
And the SS, the protection squadron 00:28:03
So these two groups are going to be militias 00:28:08
these two groups are going to use weapons they are going to use guns to fight who the Jews the 00:28:12
Communists and the Democrats okay let's start with the Democrats they do not believe in democracy 00:28:20
they believe in an authoritarian regime so what they do not want is a democracy so that's why 00:28:27
they are going to fight against who the socialists and they are going to fight against the the 00:28:32
christian democrats okay so they are going to fight using violence against the socialists and 00:28:39
the christian democrats so they are going to be against democracy also this sa or sa and ss are 00:28:46
these militias are going to be created to fight against the jews and you can ask me why they want 00:28:54
to fight against the jews why the jews are not all the people okay they are going to fight against 00:29:00
the jews because the jews are supposed to be most of them they are supposed to be rich they are 00:29:05
going to be related to to liberal professions like bankers okay so what they are going to say 00:29:11
is they are going to blame the jews for the crisis of 1929 in spanish la idea es se identifica el 00:29:18
judio con una serie de trabajos como prestamista banquero es decir trabajos en los que se hace 00:29:27
dinero moviendo dinero la idea es la crisis de 1929 si os acordáis tiene que ver con bancos 00:29:33
y tiene que ver con tiene que ver con préstamos bancos y especulación es decir mover dinero y 00:29:41
ganar dinero simplemente moviendo dinero que dicen los nazis la crisis del 29 es provocada por los 00:29:49
judíos que son los que se dedican a eso por tanto estamos en contra de los judíos understood so they 00:29:55
are going to be against the Jews because of this because they are going to be 00:30:01
related with this type of professions to these jobs like speculation or bankers 00:30:05
okay so the idea is they are going to be against them because they are supposed 00:30:11
to be provoke or they are responsible for the crisis of 1929 they are going to 00:30:15
be against democracy because they want an authoritarian regime and they are 00:30:21
also against communism because they feel that the communists are going to they 00:30:24
want to spread the ideology through the world what is true so they feel that 00:30:29
these communism that is against nationalism because communism is based 00:30:34
on internationalism like all the workers together they are going to have the same 00:30:39
working conditions the better a better working conditions etc so that's against 00:30:44
nationalism that's against to feel German or to feel Spanish or to feel 00:30:49
french so they are going to be against communism so in fact or to sum up the nazis are against the 00:30:53
jews because they are responsible for them of the crisis of 1929 against the communists because 00:31:02
they see that russia and the communist revolution is a threat to nationalism so that's why they 00:31:10
created this party mixing nationalism are part of socialism it means to give a better working 00:31:17
condition and life condition only for the Germans that's why they are nationalism and against 00:31:23
democracy against the democrats because they want an authoritarian regime they feel only through an 00:31:28
authoritarian regime they can control the situation and they can fight against the Jews and the 00:31:36
So here are the SA and here are the SS. 00:31:42
As you can see, young people both are dressing as soldiers, they were civilians in the beginning, 00:31:49
but they were dressed up as soldiers. 00:32:00
So it's because they remember the First World War, they remember what is to fight together, 00:32:03
So they created an idea of manhood, means masculinidad, that means we are soldiers, 00:32:13
we fight one along with the other and we share this experience in the trenches during the 00:32:19
First World War. 00:32:29
So they are going to create this idea of the to be a man means to be a soldier, to be strong, 00:32:30
to fight for your country, to be nationalist, ok? 00:32:39
So that's the idea of the SA, that's the idea of the SS, these are the two groups, the two 00:32:43
militias that they are going to be created by the Nazi party and they are going to fight 00:32:49
against the Jews, the Communists and the Democrats. 00:32:55
The next step is, well, we have the flag, to remember that it's red with the swastika 00:33:00
in the middle, it's really powerful. 00:33:07
The colors, the mix of the colors and the symbols, it's really powerful. 00:33:11
And another important thing is the exactly ideology of Hitler, the main ideas of this 00:33:16
Nazi party. 00:33:22
We have talked about nationalism, we have talked about better working conditions and 00:33:24
living conditions for the workers, we have talked that they are against the Jews and 00:33:27
the Communists and the democracy, and Mein Kampf. 00:33:31
What is Mein Kampf? 00:33:36
Mein Kampf is a book it's a book it means mi lucha in Spanish ok this the Mein Kampf 00:33:38
is the book wrote by Hitler this is the book wrote by Hitler Hitler is the author this 00:33:46
is the title Mein Kampf ok so in this book Hitler is going to gather all his ideas all 00:33:54
his ideology, ok? His ideology, Hitler's ideology, Nazi's ideology, Nazi ideology is going to be here 00:34:06
in this book and it's going to be called Mein Kampf means Milutza, it means the Hitler's fight, 00:34:14
ok? So we are going to see these main ideas quickly, ok? First two ideas, anti-semitism, 00:34:20
It means to be against the Jews, okay? 00:34:28
So the Jews are going to be the enemies of Germany. 00:34:32
The Jews, remember the Star of David that is related with the Jew people, okay? 00:34:36
So this is the Nazi propaganda. 00:34:43
In this first picture, what you see is a Jew person. 00:34:46
You see how he is dressed up. 00:34:50
He's wealthy. 00:34:52
He has money. 00:34:53
He's a Jew. 00:34:54
You see the big nose. 00:34:56
They are going to relate the Jews with this big nose, with this dark hair, and also this Jew is going to be supported or supporting the communist regime and the capitalists and democracies in the world. 00:34:58
Okay, so the Jews are the enemy, the Jews are in favor of the enemies of Germany, the Jews are wealthy, the Jews are the ones that provoke the crisis of 1929, so the Jews are plotting against us, okay? 00:35:14
You can see the eye. The eye is suspicious, okay? This Jew is behind these curtains that are the flags of these countries. So, to be plotting means conspirando. So, this Jew, as you can see in this propaganda, is conspiring, is plotting against Germany, okay? 00:35:32
The other one is this Jew that is ugly, he has this pointy ears, remember the long, the big nose, this face that is really long and is with these colors that they make them uglier. 00:35:56
okay so the idea is they are ugly they are something negative if you check this this image 00:36:17
you can see that it's not giving you a positive feelings it's giving you just negative feelings 00:36:24
okay in this way in a political way in this way in an ethnic way okay because they are criticizing 00:36:30
just the physiognomic characteristics right they are criticizing the characteristics of the face 00:36:36
of a jew in this case is the political and economic condition the social and economic 00:36:44
condition and the political side they are in favor of the enemies of germany okay 00:36:50
so these are the main ideas of the main camp antithesis antisemitism antisemitism and also 00:36:59
the superiority of the arian race what is the arian race the arian race means 00:37:04
Blonde people that is blonde and people that is white skin white or light skin and they are going to be half light 00:37:10
Color eyes, it means they are going to be blue eyes or green eyes 00:37:18
For example, this is the German family. This is the Aryan race. This is the Aryan family 00:37:22
Okay, everyone is blonde 00:37:29
Everyone has light color on his or her eyes. Okay 00:37:30
you see here also the father protecting the family the boys are going to inherit the father 00:37:35
okay remember and the mother is taking care of the baby and the sister that is a little girl 00:37:45
is also taking care of the of the of the baby so it means the woman are going to take care of the 00:37:51
babies the woman are going to be protected and controlled by the men and as you can see here is 00:38:00
the father and here are the sons the sons that they are going to inherit the father's uh the 00:38:07
father's role okay you have another one okay all of them they are going to be white they are going 00:38:13
they are going to be light skin color they are going to be blonde they are going to have a green 00:38:20
or blue eyes okay so this is the Aryan race okay this is the race that is 00:38:27
supposed to be superior and this is the German race okay so they are going to be 00:38:34
against a communist they are going to be against Jews they are going to be 00:38:41
against Democrats they are going to be nationalists they are going to want the 00:38:46
German workers to have better life and working conditions but they are also 00:38:50
believe on this superior race that is the Aryan race okay because they is the 00:38:55
German race also what they want is to stop the revolution of course to stop 00:39:00
the communist revolution like fascism and they are going to be against the 00:39:05
parliamentary democracy they are going to feel that parliamentary democracy has 00:39:11
no value that it is not the best political system the best political 00:39:16
system is an authoritarian regime an authoritarian dictatorship like the 00:39:23
fascist dictatorship in Italy they are looking at Italy okay as the Hitler is 00:39:28
going to look at Mussolini and he wants to imitate in the beginning Mussolini 00:39:35
but he is going to create his own ideology because this Aryan race 00:39:39
Mussolini is not supporting this idea of Aryan race only Hitler and Nazi the 00:39:44
nazi party supporting this idea and also anti-semitism so the idea is hitler is going 00:39:50
to promise jobs and better wages and is going to blame the communists the jews and democrats for 00:39:58
the crisis of germany let's go step by step what is demagoguery demagoguery means in spanish 00:40:03
demagogia que es demagogia cuando uno es demagogo y es político quiere decir digo lo que la gente 00:40:11
want to hear, that is to say, I'm going to say what Hitler says, I'm going to promise jobs and better 00:40:18
wages, I'm going to make you to have a job, it means I'm going to end with unemployment and you 00:40:24
are going to have better salaries, I promise that when I win I will raise the salaries and reduce 00:40:30
unemployment, okay, and I will lower taxes, whatever they say, okay, all that is demagogy, why is it 00:40:38
demagogia porque no dice cómo va a conseguir eso. Es decir, la demagogia es decir lo que otro quiere 00:40:45
oír sin decir cómo vas a llegar a ese punto. Es decir, Hitler está diciendo, sí, yo voy a conseguir 00:40:52
trabajo para todos y voy a mejorar los salarios. ¿Cómo? No lo digo. Digo lo que la gente quiere 00:40:59
oír. ¿Por qué digo lo que la gente quiere oír? Porque quiero que me voten. That is demagoguery. 00:41:05
I'm going to say what the people wants to hear or to listen in order to make them vote for me 00:41:11
So they are he is going to promise jobs and better wages. He is going to achieve this. Yes 00:41:18
He is going to achieve this. We will see later on. Okay 00:41:24
But he is the man, but he is using the McGregory because he is not explaining how he is going to do it. Okay? 00:41:28
He is just saying what the people wants to listen and after that 00:41:36
and making them to vote for him the other thing is he's going to blame the communists the jews and 00:41:41
the democrats for the crisis of germany we have talked about this he's going to blame the jews 00:41:47
because he he says that the the jews are going to be responsible for the crisis of 1929 he's going 00:41:52
to be against the democrat the democrats because he feels that an authoritarian regime is the best 00:41:58
way in order to in order to establish or in order to make germany great again let's say that 00:42:03
okay after the the First World War Germany lost the war Germany has been 00:42:11
has lost this the war and he his power has decreased so he's want to make a 00:42:16
Germany great again okay so that's why he's against democracy he's again he 00:42:24
wants an authoritarian regime and he's against the Communists because the 00:42:29
Communists are a threatened if they revolution succeed in the world okay 00:42:32
Because communism is against nationalism. Okay, and nationalism is one of the basis of his ideas 00:42:36
Okay 00:42:44
Who are going to be the supporters of the party? 00:42:46
Of course those that they need a job and they want better salaries. So it means part of the bourgeoisie that they got ruined 00:42:48
Because of the crisis of 1829 and also the farmers and desperate workers that they have no jobs 00:42:57
okay however even with the bourgeoisie part of the bourgeoisie and part of the 00:43:04
workers are going to support Hitler the intellectuals are most of the workers 00:43:10
the vast majority of the workers are going to support the Communist Party 00:43:16
okay so that's the idea Germany has a Democratic Republic this Democratic 00:43:19
Republic is going to be threatened by the Communists and threatened by the 00:43:27
the Nazis, okay, and the Nazis are going to be supported by the bourgeoisie because they have 00:43:30
lost their money and they have lost their factories during the crisis of 1929, and we have 00:43:36
farmers and the spread workers that they have lost their jobs and their wages, their incomes 00:43:43
because of this crisis. However, remember, intellectuals, it means the people that 00:43:49
that they have they had they have studies that they are middle class they 00:43:56
are going to along with the workers are going to most of them are going to 00:44:04
support the Communist Party okay intellectuals and most of the workers 00:44:07
support the Communist Party part of the workers and the farmers are going to 00:44:12
support the Nazi Party along with the bourgeoisie because they lost because of 00:44:16
the crisis of 1929, because he is promising jobs and better wages, for example, you can 00:44:22
see here the relation between the votes to the Nazi party with the unemployment, as unemployment 00:44:30
is increasing, you see the crisis of 1929, this is the turning point, from this moment 00:44:38
on ok there are going the voters the number of voters of the nazi regime is going to increase 00:44:47
along with the unemployment is decir hay una relación clara entre aumento del desempleo y 00:44:54
aumento de los votos al partido nazi vale so due to this situation due to this situation of 00:45:01
unemployment this desperation of part of the population they are going to start voting the 00:45:09
Nazis until they reach 00:45:16
power in 1933, okay? 00:45:18
So you can see unemployment from 1929 till 1932-33, how it's going to increase really fast 00:45:21
How? From 1929, okay? 00:45:27
The voters, the number of voters to the Nazi regime, the Nazi party is going to increase 00:45:31
sharply, it means really fast. So this is the last slide, sorry because of this we 00:45:38
forget this part okay we are going to see it later on so we are going to see 00:45:45
how Hitler's rise into power okay how he's going to get the power okay so the 00:45:49
thing is this Nazi regime as well as as well as the the fascism in Italy are 00:45:55
going to receive the support of industrial people okay so in the 00:46:01
beginning this Nazi party is going to receive money from the wealthy people 00:46:06
that they want the Nazis to fight against the communist revolution so 00:46:10
that's why in the beginning this Nazi party is going to get this money this 00:46:16
financial assistant assistance a financier it means money okay where they 00:46:21
are going to find this money in the middle and high class in this industrial 00:46:27
people this industrial bourgeoisie that they are going to industrial owners that 00:46:32
they are going to pay to this Nazi party to use the SA and SS remember this 00:46:41
militias in order to fight against the against the communist revolution against 00:46:48
socialism ok so this Nazi party is going to get money from these people and this 00:46:56
money is going to make the party stronger and is one of the reasons why 00:47:04
they are going to get into power so that so that in 1932 they are going to get 00:47:09
30 13 million votes to the Nazis ok you can see is going to be the most voted 00:47:16
Party, okay, 30 million. Okay. So what you are going to see is this Nazi party is going to get a 00:47:24
230 spots in the parliament, but they do not have the majority. Okay, they cannot control the parliament 00:47:32
Okay, the parliament is a total of 00:47:39
608 okay, so the idea is a 00:47:45
230 are going to be for the nazi party but the socialist democratic party is going to 00:47:48
get 133, the communist 89, the centrum means the christian democrats are going to get 75 00:47:57
so if we add these three parties they are more than the nazis and these three parties 00:48:06
of course they are against nazism, ok? So that's the idea, the nazis are going to get a lot of 00:48:15
voters but they do not have enough in order to control the parliament, ok? In 1932. In 1933 the 00:48:22
president of the republic Hindenburg is going to make Hitler chancellor, remember, ok? In the 00:48:31
Weimar republic what we have is two presidents, the president of the republic and the president 00:48:39
of the government that is called chancellor if we talk about spain it would be the president of the 00:48:44
republic would be the king would be felipe sexto in this case is president hindenburg because he's 00:48:51
the president of the republic and hitler appointed as chancellor appointed as prime minister as 00:48:56
president of the government would be pedro sanchez okay i want you to understand what is the spot 00:49:01
of these two persons hindenburg would be the president of the republic it means the chief 00:49:07
of state it means like the king in spain nowadays and hitler would be the chancellor it means the 00:49:11
prime minister the president of the government that means okay um pedro sanchez nowadays in 00:49:17
spain so that's the two roles okay the president of the republic the president of the government 00:49:26
or chancellor so hitler is going to be now the chancellor of germany in 1933 but he do not 00:49:32
control the whole parliament okay there are going to be new elections okay in march 1933 00:49:39
and in this case he is going to win a parliamentary majority but he couldn't control the whole 00:49:46
parliament let's check the numbers okay they are going to get 288 spots but not they cannot 00:49:53
control the whole Parliament okay in okay they have only 288 okay the the 00:50:01
Social Democratic Party is going to get 120 the Communist 81 and the centrum it 00:50:11
means the Christian Democrats are going to get 73 okay so that's the idea the 00:50:16
Nazis are going to win the election they are going to have 17 million voters but 00:50:25
they are not going to control the Parliament so what is going to do Hitler 00:50:30
in order to control the Parliament in order to establish a dictatorship at 00:50:34
authoritarian dictatorship he is going to make his squads his militias the SA 00:50:38
and SS to burn down the Reichstag it means the Parliament Reichstag is the 00:50:45
german word for parliament the idea is the nazis win the elections but they do not control the 00:50:52
parliament they do not have an absolute majority so they say well we burn the parliament you cannot 00:51:01
reunite the parliament we blame the communists and from there hitler controls not only the power 00:51:07
del poder ejecutivo 00:51:14
sino también el legislativo 00:51:16
vale 00:51:18
so Hitler is going to call to the elections 00:51:19
in March 1933, he is going to win 00:51:22
the elections but he is not going to get the majority 00:51:24
of the spots in the parliament 00:51:26
so that he said, ok 00:51:28
how can I control the legislative power 00:51:30
ok, let's burn down the 00:51:33
Reichstag, ok 00:51:34
let's burn down the Reichstag, let's burn down the 00:51:35
parliament, so the parliament cannot be 00:51:38
gathered and 00:51:40
And I will have all the legislative power, I will have the legislative power and I will 00:51:42
control the executive and legislative power, everything on my hands, on Hitler's hands. 00:51:48
Remember if we talk about separation of powers is, I will say, is executive power, it means 00:51:59
to make the decisions, legislative power to write the laws and judiciary power. 00:52:06
So Hitler after burning down the Reichstag he is going to have the executive power because 00:52:11
he is the chancellor and he is going to have the legislative power because the parliament 00:52:17
has been burning down by his squads, by the SA and SS and also they are going to say 00:52:22
ok who is guilty of this action, the communists. 00:52:29
So that we are going to start persecuting the communists first and then all of the different 00:52:35
political parties, the social democratic, the centrum or Christian Democratic Party 00:52:43
etc. 00:52:49
So the idea is, Hitler is going to have in 1933 after the election and burning down the 00:52:52
Reichstag the control of the parliament, the control of the legislative power and the control 00:52:59
of the executive power and after that he is going to blame the communists of this attack to the 00:53:04
reichstag he is going to say okay the communists burned down the reichstag they didn't but he is 00:53:10
going to say okay the communists are responsible for this so i will persecute the communists 00:53:16
because they have attacked the republic 00:53:23
Do you understand? Hitler says, let's see, I burn the Reichstag to have the legislative power, I justify that and I say, the fault is of the communists. 00:53:26
From there he gives me the excuse to attack the communists and once he attacks the communists, the rest goes, social democrats, social christians, etc. 00:53:34
Ok, all the people that is in favor of democracy after the communists. 00:53:45
So Hitler is going to persecute his opponents and is going to demand full powers. 00:53:49
it means he is going to demand to be a dictator when he is going to become a truly dictator 00:53:54
in 1934 when Hindenburg here is Hindenburg he is the president of the republic he is like 00:54:01
Philip VI he has the spot of Philip VI in Spain nowadays so he is going to die and Hitler is 00:54:09
going to declare himself Führer it means leader and chancellor of the third right 00:54:14
So, in 1934, when Hindenburg dies, Hitler says, well, the position of Hindenburg is also for me, I fund it, I do not mix it in a single person that I am, and I am going to call myself from now on Peter, that means leader, okay? 00:54:20
entonces voy a ser presidente de la república y canciller pero ya no va a existir la república 00:54:35
a partir de ahora lo que existe es el tercer reich el tercer imperio el imperio que decía 00:54:41
de los mil años y a partir de aquí hitler es el dictador de alemania y establece una dictadura 00:54:46
absoluta autoritaria totalitaria so hitler as soon as hindenburg is dead in 1934 he is going 00:54:55
to declare himself fuhrer it means he is going to end with the republic he is going to have all the 00:55:07
powers he is going to have hindenburg's power and he is going to have the chancellor power and he 00:55:13
is going to now be the fuhrer he is going to end with the republic and he is going to start the 00:55:17
Third Reich. The idea is that Hitler ends with the republic, declares the Third Reich, he is going to 00:55:23
declare himself as the leader of the Third Reich, the Führer, and assumes the executive and legislative powers, 00:55:32
assumes the power that Hindenburg had, the one that he had as chancellor and the one that the parliament had, 00:55:38
all in one person, in Hitler, who is now the Führer. So this is how Hitler is going to 00:55:43
rise into power he is going to win elections but he is not going to achieve all the power due to 00:55:53
these elections because he is going to burn down the Reichstag in order to have all the power in 00:55:59
order to have the control of the of the parliament okay he is going to blame the communists and after 00:56:04
that he is going to start persecuting his opponents and finally with Hindenburg death 00:56:11
he is going to be defeated and he is going to turn the republic into a third Reich 00:56:15
That is to say, does Hitler get power by the elections? Not exactly, he does get power, he gets to be chancellor by the elections, but he does not become a dictator because people voted for him, he becomes a dictator burning the Reichstag and accusing the communists, chasing the political opposition that had many votes, more scams in the parliament than Hitler. 00:56:20
y una vez muerto Hindenburg se convierte en el dictador en el en la persona con todo el poder 00:56:44
en alemania the fear I add you here the the link to I will say the link to a to a article that is 00:56:54
going to explain you the different companies the different industrial 00:57:10
companies that they are going to support Hitler and is going to support the Nazi 00:57:14
regime okay so you can read it you'll you'll you'll find it interesting so 00:57:19
click on it and check this check this article really what you have time 00:57:24
because it's really interesting to see the different companies that they are 00:57:29
supporting Hitler in order to be the feeder okay the next point is going to 00:57:32
be the nazi regime we are going to talk about how is going to be this totalitarian regime it means 00:57:40
we are going to see the the characteristics of germany after hitler is the fearer okay we have 00:57:45
seen how hitler reached into power the next step is how hitler is going to build this new regime 00:57:52
how is going to establish this authoritarian system 00:57:58
Autor/es:
Rubén Peinado González
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
140
Fecha:
29 de marzo de 2020 - 17:13
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
58′ 04″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
350.71 MBytes

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