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NASA Connect Video containing five segments as described below. NASA Connect Segment exploring new and future technology to help meteorologists predict hurricanes and other severe weather. The video explores GIFTS, or geostationary satellites, and other developing technologies at NASA. NASA Connect Segment explaining what hurricane hunters do and how they do it. The video explores the instruments they use to collect data from a hurricane and the types of data collected such as temperature, moisture, air pressure and wind. NASA Connect Segment explaining software tools and products that use interactivity to network NASA research data. The video describes dynamic websites that use visualization, simulation, and remote sensing tools to help students study hurricanes. NASA Connect Segment explaining the fundamentals of hurricanes and how meteorologists predict hurricanes. The video also features a meteorologists from The Weather Channel to explain how data is collected and how hurricanes are predicted. NASA Connect Segment involving students in an activity that uses a game called the Imperfect Storm. Students must track a hurricane, predict the probability of landfall, and issue watches and warnings.

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Hello everybody, welcome to Rockefeller Center here in the heart of midtown Manhattan, our 00:00:00
today's show's studio, the window on the world. I'm Al Roker and each morning I try to tell 00:00:18
people what to expect for the rest of their day. Every weekday I forecast the weather 00:00:23
outside our NBC studios, in the elements. This way, not only do I get to meet the weather, 00:00:28
but the fans of the today show as well. Although people say I'm a little unpredictable, luckily 00:00:33
meteorologists have the tools they need to make the forecast as predictable as they are. 00:00:38
When I forecast the weather, I analyze data, predict weather patterns, and let people know 00:00:44
if their day is going to be hot and dry or wet, windy, and cold. Like I always say in 00:00:48
the morning on the today show, here's what's happening in your neck of the woods. On today's 00:00:54
program, you'll learn how meteorologists and NASA researchers use measurement and data 00:00:59
analysis to predict severe weather like hurricanes. You'll meet a special group of men and women 00:01:04
who measure hurricanes by actually flying an airplane into them. In your classroom play 00:01:09
The Imperfect Storm, a game that allows you to track a hurricane and predict where it 00:01:15
will make landfall. You'll also use computer simulations to study the behavior of hurricanes 00:01:21
and predict their path. Plus, learn about the gift NASA is developing for future meteorologists. 00:01:26
So hold on tight, as NASA Connect takes you ahead, above the clouds. Hey, wait! There 00:01:33
are no clouds! Aw, man! 00:01:39
Hi, welcome to NASA Connect, the show that connects you to the world of math, science, 00:01:52
technology, and NASA. I'm Jennifer Pooley and this is Norbert. Now before we start the 00:02:07
show, teachers, make sure you have the lesson guide for today's program. It can be downloaded 00:02:14
from our NASA Connect website. You want to keep your eyes on Norbert because every time 00:02:19
he appears with questions like this, have your cue cards from the lesson guide and your 00:02:24
brain ready to answer the questions he gives you. And teachers, when you see Norbert with 00:02:28
a remote, that's your cue to pause the videotape and discuss the cue card questions. Today, 00:02:32
NASA Connect is at Keesler Air Force Base in Biloxi, Mississippi. Why? This is the home 00:02:38
of the hurricane hunters, the only military unit in the world to fly directly into a hurricane 00:02:45
and collect data on a routine basis. We'll meet one of these hunters a little later, 00:02:51
but first, let's learn more about hurricanes. A hurricane is a violent tropical storm with 00:02:55
damaging winds and torrential rain. Hurricanes can form in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian 00:03:01
Oceans. Hurricanes are given other names in different countries, such as a typhoon in 00:03:07
Southeast Asia, a baggio in the Philippines, and tropical cyclones in Australia. How does 00:03:12
a hurricane form? A hurricane gets its energy from the warm, moist air at the ocean's surface. 00:03:20
As this air ascends to form clouds, more air is drawn into the hurricane. Winds spiral 00:03:26
inward and we begin to see the familiar shape of a hurricane. At the center of a hurricane, 00:03:32
the air descends, forming a very quiet eye with a ring of clouds surrounding it. The 00:03:37
weather in the eye is much different from the weather surrounding it. The winds grow 00:03:42
calm and the sky may clear. Surrounding the eye are bands of heavy rains and very high 00:03:46
winds. When a hurricane comes ashore, it brings high waves, severe flooding, and wind damage. 00:03:51
Hurricanes uproot trees, smash buildings, and destroy power lines. Hurricane Andrew 00:03:58
was the third strongest hurricane to strike the United States coastline on record. Andrew 00:04:04
swept through southern Florida and Louisiana in 1992, causing over $25 billion in damage. 00:04:10
Amazingly, few people were killed, despite the widespread destruction. When we want to 00:04:17
know if a hurricane is going to affect us, we turn to meteorologists. Meteorologists 00:04:22
are scientists who study the causes of weather, like hurricanes, and try to predict where 00:04:28
they will go after they've formed. More accurate forecasts will help prepare people well in 00:04:33
advance of an approaching hurricane, and in turn, help save lives. For more on how 00:04:38
meteorologists predict hurricanes, we came to The Weather Channel here in Atlanta, Georgia. 00:04:44
Well, Jennifer, in order for meteorologists like me to predict hurricanes, we need to 00:04:49
know at least four variables. Temperature, moisture, air pressure, and the most important, 00:04:53
wind. Wind directly or indirectly causes all the damage from a hurricane. For example, 00:04:59
it can produce waves, which cause flooding. Anyway, the winds in and around a hurricane 00:05:04
that push it along and produce this motion are called steering winds. Steering winds 00:05:09
control three things, the speed at which a hurricane will move, where it will move, and 00:05:13
whether it will strengthen or weaken. Well, Dr. Lyons, it seems to me, then, if you know 00:05:18
information on the winds, then you can easily predict what a hurricane will do. Well, winds 00:05:22
are important, but remember, I also have to look at temperature, moisture, and air pressure. 00:05:26
Okay, all right, so where do you get all that information? We here at The Weather Channel 00:05:30
receive data from weather stations on the ground, from chips and buoys at sea, from 00:05:34
aircraft that fly into the hurricane, like the hurricane hunters, and from satellites 00:05:39
in space. Because our atmosphere is made up of many layers, ideally, data should be collected 00:05:42
at all the different heights or altitudes in the atmosphere. Therefore, we rely mostly 00:05:47
on airborne observations and satellites to measure these variables at different altitudes. 00:05:51
So once you receive the data on temperature, moisture, air pressure, and wind, what do 00:05:56
you do with it? I analyze it. Along with the data we receive, I look at previous data and 00:06:01
how it is changing with time. I use my experience with past hurricanes to predict the hurricane's 00:06:06
strength or intensity and its projected path. Computers at the National Weather Service 00:06:10
in Washington, D.C. receive these data and input the data into numerical models which 00:06:15
generate forecasts. I receive these forecasts at The Weather Channel in Atlanta, Georgia, 00:06:20
along with forecasts made by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida. My final 00:06:25
forecast is a blend of hurricanes' current track and intensity, my forecast, computer 00:06:30
forecasts, and a forecast from the National Hurricane Center. Finally, I go on television 00:06:35
and make a prediction about the path of the hurricane and how it might affect people on 00:06:40
the coast and inland. Thanks, Dr. Lyons. Hey, how would you like to use computer simulations 00:06:44
to study the behavior of hurricanes and then predict their path just like Dr. Lyons? Shelley 00:06:50
Canright has the scoop. Welcome to my little piece of the world here at NASA Headquarters 00:06:56
in Washington, D.C. From this location and with the help of some technology, I am able 00:07:01
to network across the country to NASA field centers and to other organizations that are 00:07:06
interested in using NASA research data and software tools to produce technology products 00:07:11
for use in the classroom, like yours. Norbert has lined up some students in Monument Valley, 00:07:15
Utah, who will share with you two dynamic websites on hurricanes, websites that use 00:07:20
visualization, remote sensing, and simulation tools to immerse you in past and recent hurricane 00:07:25
events and then present you with a challenge. So, get ready to use the tools that will help 00:07:31
you think and act like a meteorologist as you explore the website, Earth Pulse Center, 00:07:37
created by River Deep Interactive Learning and Exploring the Environment, developed 00:07:42
by the NASA Classroom of the Future. There are a lot of great activities here, such as 00:07:47
Performing Arts, National Honor Society, Student Council, and basketball. This is a great place 00:07:52
to go to school. From the NASA Connect website, go to Norbert's lab, then click on the activity 00:07:57
button. That will take you to the Earth Pulse Center. Go to the control room and select 00:08:02
hurricanes. Here you'll find three activity areas, forecasting, analysis, and hazard mitigation. 00:08:06
Click on the forecasting desk first. The hurricane data archive provides access to 00:08:12
Atlantic Basin hurricane simulations from the past 50 years. Search for a hurricane 00:08:16
by either name or year, and then run a simulation of the storm as it moves across the Atlantic 00:08:21
Basin. Compare and contrast tracks from different years to identify common patterns of behavior 00:08:26
among Atlantic Basin hurricanes. Draw your own prediction of the current storm's future 00:08:32
movement and behavior. Come back a few days later to compare your forecast against the 00:08:37
hurricane's actual path. If there's not currently an active storm, you can use a past hurricane 00:08:41
to practice your forecasting skills. At the analysis desk, you will compare the line graphs 00:08:46
of several storms' wind histories to identify common patterns of behavior. You can also 00:08:51
examine the inverse relationship between wind speed and pressure in a hurricane. Using processed 00:08:56
satellite imagery from the National Hurricane Center, you'll be able to track data to tell 00:09:02
a more complete story of a hurricane's life. At the hazard mitigation desk, you'll be able 00:09:07
to look at news stories that were published during some past storms to get an idea of 00:09:12
the warnings that were issued as the hurricanes developed. Take a virtual field trip down 00:09:16
to hurricane territory from the safety of your own computer screen with the field cam. 00:09:21
By positioning the field cam on a map somewhere along the path of an impending hurricane, 00:09:25
you might get a glimpse into the eye of the storm. Issuing warnings to hurricane-prone 00:09:30
areas is a tricky task. At the warning simulator, you get to set the guidelines for when to 00:09:35
send warning sirens for a particular coastal community. Our second featured website is 00:09:40
called Exploring the Environment. This website provides the tools you will need to complete 00:09:45
the task of reviewing the actions in 1992 Hurricane Andrew in a preparation for tracking, 00:09:50
analyzing, and predicting the course of a new hurricane that may threaten North America 00:09:56
in the future. Using remote sensing images from the NOAA weather satellites, you will 00:10:00
plot the hurricane's progress on a chart and make predictions about its landfall. Thanks 00:10:05
for watching NASA Connect. Bye! Bringing to you the power of digital learning, I'm Shelley 00:10:11
Kenright for NASA Connect Online. This web activity is great. I feel just like a meteorologist. 00:10:18
You know, speaking of meteorologists, Dr. Lyons told us earlier that to predict hurricanes 00:10:26
he needs data collected from the hurricane hunters. Let's head back to Keesler Air Force 00:10:31
Base in Biloxi, Mississippi and meet one of the meteorologists in the hurricane hunters. 00:10:36
Describe the instruments the hurricane hunters use to collect data on a hurricane. What symbol 00:10:47
is used to describe the flight pattern? Which of the four variables shown in the graph is 00:10:51
constantly increasing? The hurricane hunters are a group of men and women in the United 00:10:55
States Air Force Reserve who fly these airplanes into hurricanes to measure the storms. The 00:11:00
data we collect are given to the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida, who need 00:11:05
to know exactly where the hurricane is right now, how strong it is, and what the winds 00:11:09
are like. But, I mean, why do you have to fly into the storm? Aren't satellite images 00:11:13
good enough? The National Hurricane Center can get very good estimates of hurricanes 00:11:18
from satellite, but sometimes the hurricanes don't follow the book. Sometimes it may be 00:11:22
difficult to find the eye or center on the satellite picture, or they may be stronger 00:11:26
or weaker than they appear on satellite. That's where we come in. The more meteorologists 00:11:30
know what the hurricane is doing right now, the better they'll be able to forecast what 00:11:35
it will do in the future. In fact, the measurements collected by the hurricane hunters makes forecasts 00:11:38
about 25 percent more accurate than just using satellite estimates alone. This makes 00:11:44
a huge difference, especially when you're trying to evacuate people on the coast and 00:11:48
save lives. Okay, Val, so how do you measure a hurricane? Well, Jennifer, we have weather 00:11:51
sensors mounted around the nose of our WC-130 aircraft and two weather stations inside. 00:11:58
Let me show you. Great. We collect data from different altitudes or heights along our flight 00:12:03
path. In addition to these weather sensors, we also drop another weather instrument with 00:12:10
a parachute that collects data from other altitudes as it falls through the atmosphere. 00:12:14
All of these instruments continuously measure temperature, moisture, air pressure, and winds. 00:12:19
The data we collect are immediately sent to the National Hurricane Center. I get it, but 00:12:24
how do you know where to fly into a hurricane? Good question. First, the National Hurricane 00:12:28
Center calls us and gives us the hurricane's forecasted latitude and longitude. The navigator 00:12:33
plots the hurricane's position on a chart, then plots our flight path from Biloxi to 00:12:37
the storm. The navigator and pilot then discuss the pattern to fly in the storm. You see, 00:12:41
to make accurate measurements, we fly a pattern that looks like an X. We start in one corner 00:12:46
of the hurricane, then fly to the center of the X, which is the eye or center of the hurricane. 00:12:51
Then we fly out at least 105 miles on each leg of the X, each time coming back to the 00:12:56
eye. As we fly this pattern, we collect data on temperature, moisture, air pressure, and 00:13:00
wind and see how they change. Two of the most important elements we measure are air 00:13:05
pressure and wind. Let's look at this graph of air pressure and wind that we collected 00:13:09
in a hurricane that we flew. Okay, let me see if I can interpret it. The horizontal 00:13:14
axis begins at the center of the eye of the hurricane, then we have the eye wall here, 00:13:18
and way out here we have the outer edge. This vertical axis indicates an increase in intensity. 00:13:24
You're right. Now what do you notice about the air pressure and wind in the eye of the 00:13:29
hurricane? Hmm, let's see. The intensity of the air pressure and wind is low at the 00:13:32
center of the eye of the hurricane, but it begins to increase as you get close to the 00:13:38
eye wall. That's right, and the lower the air pressure, the stronger the hurricane. 00:13:43
That's important information to know. Now let's look at the air pressure and wind at 00:13:47
the eye wall. What do you notice? Wow, the wind really increased in intensity at the 00:13:50
eye wall, and the air pressure did too. You're right, and the air pressure continues to increase 00:13:56
as you get to the outer edges of the hurricane. But if you notice, the wind is at its strongest 00:14:01
at the eye wall. But this is just a graph of air pressure and wind. You also said that 00:14:05
you collect data on temperature and moisture. What would happen if we added that data to 00:14:11
this graph? Well, let's take a look. Check it out. The intensity of the temperature is 00:14:15
really high in the eye of the hurricane, and the moisture, well, it's at its lowest. This 00:14:24
sure is a lot of information, Valerie. It is, and you know what? A long time ago, weather 00:14:29
geeks did not have this volume of information. They would simply look at a hurricane, use 00:14:34
their memory, and say, hmm, this reminds me of Hurricane Baker 26 years ago. They would 00:14:39
then base their forecast for the current hurricane on what Hurricane Baker did way back then. 00:14:44
Today the National Hurricane Center uses the data we collect from our flight to feed their 00:14:50
computer-generated models or simulations of hurricanes. These computer-generated models 00:14:54
forecast how conditions change in a hurricane over time. Knowing what the storm is doing 00:15:00
right now helps the National Hurricane Center to predict the future path and intensity of 00:15:04
the storm. From this information, hurricane watches and warnings are sent out to people 00:15:09
along the coast. When people are evacuated to safer areas because of an impending hurricane, 00:15:13
then the mission of the hurricane hunters contributes to saving lives. My thanks to 00:15:18
all the hurricane hunters. You know, earlier you used computer simulation to help you predict 00:15:23
and analyze hurricane tracks. Now, how would you like to calculate where a hurricane will 00:15:29
make landfall and then issue watches and warnings for people on the coast? NASA Connect traveled 00:15:33
north to Boston, Massachusetts for today's classroom activity. Hi, it's good to be here 00:15:39
at Bethlehem Elementary School in Boston, Massachusetts. NASA Connect asked us to show you the classroom 00:15:45
activity for today's show. It's a game called The Imperfect Storm. Teachers, make sure you 00:15:51
download the lesson guide for this activity from the NASA Connect website. In it, you'll 00:15:57
find materials, directions, and student worksheets. To begin, your teacher will divide you into 00:16:02
teams of meteorologists. It is your job to track the storm brewing off the coast of Africa, 00:16:08
predict the probability of landfall, and issue hurricane watches and warnings. A hurricane 00:16:14
watch means that hurricane conditions are possible within the next 36 hours. A hurricane 00:16:19
warning means that hurricane conditions are expected within the next 24 hours. The team 00:16:25
with the most accurate predictions will be the winners of the game. First, construct 00:16:31
your game board following the directions on your student direction sheet. The Saffir-Simpson 00:16:36
scale tells you the classification of a storm by its wind speed. In this game, disks represent 00:16:41
tropical storms and hurricanes, categories 1-5. Right off the coast of Africa, there 00:16:47
is a tropical wave that is forming a low-pressure system. Winds are 30 miles per hour. The coordinates 00:16:53
are 16 degrees north and 35 degrees west as of 06 Zulu time. Record this information on 00:16:59
your data sheet and use a Saffir-Simpson scale to classify the storm. Plot the coordinate 00:17:07
or position of the storm on your game board with the appropriate color from the key. Your 00:17:12
teacher will give you the next two data points. As before, record, classify, and plot the 00:17:17
storm's position. Now, let's determine the speed the storm traveled. If you know distance 00:17:22
and time, you can calculate speed. Use a compass and the mileage scale on your game board to 00:17:28
determine the distance the storm traveled. Then use formula 1 to calculate the speed 00:17:34
the storm traveled. Before issuing watches and warnings, you must calculate the distance 00:17:39
the storm will travel. Use formula 2 on your game board to calculate the distance the storm 00:17:44
will travel in 36 hours. Then place the appropriate storm disk over the third point on your game 00:17:50
board and secure it like this. Use a compass, your calculations, and the mileage scale to 00:17:56
draw an arc from the outer edge of the disk. The area between the disk and the arc will 00:18:02
receive tropical storm force winds in 36 hours. An atlas will help you identify land areas 00:18:06
at risk. Record your estimated watch. Now use formula 3 to calculate the distance in 00:18:12
24 hours and issue a warning. Teams, we have a conflict. A cruise ship is steaming ahead 00:18:18
at 15 miles per hour from the Bahamas towards Miami. It's your job as meteorologists to 00:18:23
find the location of the ship, decide what action, if any, should be taken, and record 00:18:30
your decision. Your teacher will review your data sheet and award points for accurate calculations 00:18:35
and predictions. The game continues as you receive more coordinates, weather data, and 00:18:41
conflicts from your teacher. When the winds increase to hurricane force, you will need 00:18:46
to use two disks instead of one. This is because the tropical storm force winds extend farther 00:18:50
out than the hurricane force winds. From this point on, you will only issue hurricane watches 00:18:55
and warnings, so make sure you place your compass point on the outer edge of the hurricane 00:19:00
disk, not the tropical storm disk. When the hurricane changes categories, you will need 00:19:05
to change disks. As the hurricane approaches land, use your expertise to predict where 00:19:10
it will make landfall. Points are awarded to the team with the most accurate predictions 00:19:16
and solutions to the conflicts. So plot, measure, calculate, and use your atlas carefully. The 00:19:20
team with the most points at the end wins the game. Special thanks to AIWA chapter at 00:19:27
Boston University for their help with this activity. So far on today's show, we've learned 00:19:32
how data collected by the hurricane hunters helps meteorologists at the Weather Channel 00:19:40
predict hurricanes. But what about NASA? What does NASA have to do with hurricanes? I thought 00:19:46
you'd never ask. Without NASA, or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, we wouldn't 00:19:51
be able to see Earth from space. NASA's bird's eye view of our planet has revolutionized 00:19:58
observations of the Earth's atmosphere, continents, and oceans. A few years back, NASA launched 00:20:04
geostationary satellites that monitor the weather above the Earth. Geostationary means 00:20:10
that the satellite orbits the Earth at about the same speed the Earth rotates. The satellite 00:20:16
collects weather data as it hovers over the same point on the Earth. The data is then 00:20:22
sent back to Earth for our use. Thanks to NASA, today there is a worldwide network of 00:20:26
satellites above our Earth, collecting weather data over the whole world and transferring 00:20:32
these data back to us on the ground. But NASA's always looking towards the future, towards 00:20:37
developing new and better technologies for observing and predicting severe weather, like 00:20:42
hurricanes and tornadoes. We're here at the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, 00:20:47
to meet a scientist who's developing a gift for future meteorologists. 00:20:52
How will gifts provide a more complete picture of the Earth's atmosphere? 00:21:02
How does remote sensing work? 00:21:06
What does the information collected about the water vapor tell us about a storm? 00:21:08
NASA Langley Research Center is developing a new technology which will allow meteorologists 00:21:13
to better predict how strong a hurricane will be and where it will cover shore. Scientists 00:21:17
like me are working with professors and students at the University of Wisconsin and at the 00:21:23
Utah State University on the Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer. Because 00:21:27
acronyms are easier to say, we call it the GIFS. GIFS is actually an instrument that 00:21:33
will be flown aboard a geostationary satellite about 22,000 miles above the Earth. We believe 00:21:37
our new technology will be a gift to mankind in that it will enable people to avoid the 00:21:43
loss of their property and even possibly their lives by warning them of approaching hazardous 00:21:48
weather such as tornadoes and hurricanes. 00:21:53
Okay, but how will GIFS improve weather predictions? 00:21:56
Well, GIFS will provide meteorologists with a complete picture of our Earth's atmosphere. 00:21:59
Currently, upper air observations like temperature, water vapor, and wind are obtained by launching 00:22:03
weather balloons. Every day, twice a day, these balloons rise through the atmosphere 00:22:08
and collect weather data over land areas. However, the balloons are spaced very far 00:22:13
apart and give us only spotty data. GIFS will collect the same data from space every ten 00:22:18
seconds over land as well as over the sea where hurricanes come from. 00:22:23
Wow! Every ten seconds? Dr. Smith, how will it do that? 00:22:28
Using new infrared digital camera technology, GIFS will have several thousand times more 00:22:33
sensors than current satellites to measure atmospheric temperature, water vapor, and 00:22:38
wind. Let's take water vapor for instance. Water vapor is actually water in its gaseous 00:22:42
state, so it's invisible to the human eye. When water vapor molecules become liquid water 00:22:47
or ice crystals, a cloud forms. Current satellites measure water in the form of clouds, but they 00:22:52
do not measure very well the water vapor that causes the clouds to form. Being able to sense 00:22:57
the water vapor before clouds form will allow us to predict how, when, and where storms 00:23:02
will form and where they will go. 00:23:08
That's great! Sounds like GIFS will provide meteorologists with information on hurricanes 00:23:10
even before they form. This can only help save more lives because the more forecasters 00:23:14
know, the quicker they can warn people on the coast. 00:23:19
But you keep saying that GIFS will sense water vapor. What do you mean by sense? 00:23:22
Oh, good question. GIFS measures elements of the atmosphere, like temperature and water 00:23:28
vapor, without touching them. It's called remote sensing, and our eyes do it every day. 00:23:32
Your eyes can sense or measure how a person is feeling without touching them. All you 00:23:38
need to do is look at them, and you'll be able to tell how they are feeling. 00:23:42
Oh, okay, I understand how people sense things, but GIFS is an instrument. How does it sense 00:23:45
water vapor? 00:23:50
By using an infrared camera. Let me show you. This picture of a man in glasses was taken 00:23:51
with an infrared camera, seeing through the air and sensing only hard, solid objects, 00:23:56
like the wall, his face, and his glasses. Here we see the brightness of the man's face 00:24:01
and the darkness of his glasses. This means his face is giving off heat and is relatively 00:24:07
warm, whereas his glasses and the wall are not giving off as much heat and are therefore 00:24:12
relatively cold. This picture is a good example of what current satellites can see from space. 00:24:17
The second picture was taken with an infrared camera, seeing air molecules, as well as hard, 00:24:23
solid objects. Here we can see his breath, exhaled from his mouth. This is because the 00:24:27
infrared camera senses that his breath, which contains water vapor, is warm relative to 00:24:33
the cold wall behind him. 00:24:38
The second picture is a good example of how GIFS technology will improve weather detection. 00:24:40
Hey, you said the water vapor in his breath is warm, so I guess that means it gives off 00:24:44
heat. 00:24:49
Yes, both water vapor and clouds give off or radiate heat. GIFS can't feel the heat, 00:24:49
but being an infrared camera, it can sense the amount of heat the water vapor radiates. 00:24:55
An analogy is when you close your eyes on a partly cloudy day. When the sun comes out 00:25:00
from behind the clouds, you don't have to open your eyes to know the sun is there. You 00:25:05
can sense or feel the heat of the sun radiating on your face. 00:25:10
Speaking of heat, remember the graph Valerie showed you? Heat, but specifically temperature, 00:25:13
is an important variable when describing what is going on in a hurricane. GIFS will measure 00:25:18
the heat from water vapor even before clouds form. This will allow us to predict the formation 00:25:23
and intensity of upcoming storms, like how much rain will fall or how severe the winds 00:25:28
will be. 00:25:33
Cool! Hurricanes are known for their winds. Will GIFS sense winds, too? 00:25:34
Absolutely. Dr. Lyons told us earlier that the steering winds determine where a hurricane 00:25:39
is going. There are very few clouds away from the storm where the steering winds are. GIFS 00:25:44
measures the movement of the water vapor at all altitudes. These motions are the steering 00:25:49
winds which determine the speed and the direction of the hurricane. 00:25:54
Well, Dr. Smith, GIFS really is a gift for forecasters and for people who are affected 00:25:57
by severe storms like hurricanes. 00:26:02
That's right. In fact, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenville, Maryland is working 00:26:04
with us to integrate GIFS technology on future weather satellites. Visit this website to 00:26:08
learn more about GIFS technology and NASA's dedication to help science better understand 00:26:13
our planet. 00:26:18
Thanks, Dr. Smith. You know, future NASA technology, like GIFS, will provide us with more accurate 00:26:19
satellite measurements. By combining GIFS technology with the data from the hurricane 00:26:25
hunters, meteorologists like Dr. Lyons will be better able to predict hurricanes and help 00:26:29
save lives. 00:26:34
Well, that's about all we have time for today. We'd like to thank everyone who helped make 00:26:36
this NASA Connect program possible. I'm waiting to hear from you. So send your comments, questions 00:26:41
or suggestions to NASA Connect, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 400, Hampton, Virginia 00:26:47
23681, or email me at connect at edu.larc.nasa.gov. 00:26:53
Teachers, if you would like a videotape of this program and the accompanying lesson guide, 00:27:01
check out the NASA Connect website. From our site, you can link to CORE, the NASA Central 00:27:06
Operation of Resources for Educators, or link to the NASA Educator Resource Center Network. 00:27:11
Until next time, stay connected to math, science, technology and NASA. See you then. 00:27:17
What do you think a hurricane will do? 00:27:30
Well... 00:27:32
Play The Imperfect Storm, a game that allows you to track a hurricane and predict where 00:27:34
it will make landfall. You'll have to decide who's George Clooney. 00:27:40
We have weather sensors mounted around the nose of our airplane and two weather stations 00:27:45
inside. 00:27:50
Things to do here at Monument Valley is... Sorry. Okay, I got it. 00:27:53
I'd like to thank everyone who helped make this NASA Connect program. 00:27:59
Liquid water, or ice crystal, or... 00:28:03
My name's Roderick Natani, and... 00:28:07
The Imperfect Storm. 00:28:10
Right. 00:28:13
It can sense the amount of heat the water vapor radiates. 00:28:16
That was good. 00:28:21
Moisture. That was a combination of water and moisture. 00:28:23
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Idioma/s:
en
Materias:
Matemáticas
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
      • Nivel Intermedio
Autor/es:
NASA LaRC Office of Education
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
533
Fecha:
28 de mayo de 2007 - 16:51
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
NASAs center for distance learning
Duración:
28′ 31″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
170.77 MBytes

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