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Visita de Christopher Jacobs (NASA)

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Subido el 27 de noviembre de 2017 por Cp leonfelipe leganes

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Everywhere I go, people ask me one question again and again. 00:00:01
Do you think there is life elsewhere in the universe? 00:00:05
And we don't know yet where life is except for here on Earth. 00:00:10
We have two places that we want to check out. 00:00:15
Moons in our solar system, Europa and Enceladus. 00:00:18
So I'm going to talk a little bit about that today. 00:00:23
Okay, we all know you don't start as a grown-up. 00:00:30
We start as children. 00:00:33
When life begins, it starts as children. 00:00:34
So I'm going to have a little quiz here. 00:00:36
One of these people is me on my sixth birthday. 00:00:39
Elise Pugliano. 00:00:44
We were going to the moon back in that time. 00:00:46
This was our little rocket ship with the tinfoil. 00:00:48
And the astronauts were going to land on the moon. 00:00:52
So do we have any guesses? 00:00:55
Yeah? 00:00:59
This one. 00:01:00
The best. 00:01:04
This one. 00:01:05
Okay. 00:01:08
That one. 00:01:09
And you? 00:01:10
Me. 00:01:11
And the boy that is in the rocket. 00:01:12
This one? 00:01:13
No. 00:01:14
This one? 00:01:15
Yes. 00:01:16
Okay. 00:01:17
This one that I. 00:01:18
This one? 00:01:19
Yes. 00:01:20
Behind Roco? 00:01:21
This one? 00:01:22
Yes. 00:01:23
And this one? 00:01:24
Yes. 00:01:25
Okay. 00:01:26
Okay. 00:01:27
This one? 00:01:28
Yes. 00:01:29
Okay. 00:01:30
And that one? 00:01:43
Yes. 00:01:44
This one? 00:01:48
Yes. 00:01:49
Okay. 00:01:50
In the back there. 00:01:51
The boy in the red shirt. 00:01:52
The red shirt. 00:01:57
Okay. 00:01:58
This one. 00:01:59
Yeah? 00:02:00
This. 00:02:01
The boy. 00:02:02
The boy. 00:02:03
For the... 00:02:04
The... 00:02:05
The boy is... 00:02:06
This one? 00:02:07
Yes. 00:02:08
Okay. 00:02:09
You? 00:02:10
The boy is. This one? Yes. Okay. You? The person with the flag. With the what? With the flag. With the flag. Yes. Okay. 00:02:11
Who has to come? You. The person with t-shirt. The t-shirt. This one? Yes. Okay. Yeah. 00:02:31
This one? 00:02:42
This one? 00:02:51
Okay. 00:02:53
Yeah, you in the back? 00:02:55
Behind the rocket. 00:02:58
Okay, I think we better stop. 00:03:03
Now, maybe I missed you, but I don't think anyone's guessed right yet. 00:03:05
Now, see, here's the difficult thing. 00:03:12
I'm right in front of you. 00:03:14
and it's difficult to tell right so finding life can be challenging even even when you 00:03:16
have some clues I'm the clue this is me this is my brother I say brother Romano my sister 00:03:24
okay so when we're gonna go look for life we have to really keep our eyes open because 00:03:38
It might be right in front of us, and we may not see it. 00:03:46
When I was about your age, the astronauts went to the moon, 00:03:54
and a man named Neil Armstrong landed on the moon, Buzz Aldrin. 00:03:59
He got out and walked on the moon. 00:04:04
You heard about that? 00:04:06
And they took pictures so we could see the Earth back here. 00:04:10
And everybody started thinking, 00:04:14
wow, we thought the Earth is so big, and it will last forever, 00:04:16
But there it was, hanging in space, and it looked a little fragile. 00:04:20
People started thinking, maybe we should take care of it. 00:04:24
That just hanging in space, this is the only place that we have. 00:04:27
And I was real fortunate, when I was your age, 00:04:30
when they came back from the moon, they had a big parade. 00:04:33
How do you say parade? 00:04:36
And I went to a big parade, and we got to see Neil Armstrong waving to the crowd. 00:04:41
So that was exciting for me. 00:04:46
So that was my first introduction to NASA. 00:04:48
Then I decided I wanted to be an engineer, and we had to learn all kinds of complicated stuff. 00:04:52
But it's still about the excitement of space. 00:04:58
Okay, where is life? 00:05:03
Well, first of all, let's think about what do you need to stay alive? 00:05:06
We need water. 00:05:14
we need water you can't go for very long without water yeah what else do you need 00:05:16
plants 00:05:28
plants okay yeah 00:05:32
air we need air to breathe okay yeah 00:05:39
Yeah, how many ate breakfast this morning? 00:05:42
Dece uno? 00:05:50
Help me say it. 00:05:51
Dece uno? 00:05:51
Okay, see, I'm just learning. 00:05:53
You need food. 00:05:55
We need food and we need water. 00:05:56
Okay, yeah? 00:06:00
Oxygen. 00:06:01
Oxygen, yeah, from the air. 00:06:02
So when we're looking for life, we're going to go look for some of these things. 00:06:05
Jay, you got another one? 00:06:08
Animoza. 00:06:11
Yeah, that's the kind of food. 00:06:11
Okay, so we said, where can we find water? 00:06:15
Well, first of all, we don't want frozen water, right? 00:06:20
You can't drink frozen water. 00:06:23
And we don't want water vapor. 00:06:25
We don't want steam. 00:06:27
A mountain? 00:06:29
Okay, yeah, there's mountains here. 00:06:32
So we said, let's go look for the water. 00:06:34
Well, Mars is the right temperature. 00:06:37
You know the story of Goldilocks and the three bears? 00:06:40
That you get the three bowls and one was too hot? 00:06:43
Muy caliente? 00:06:47
Muy frio? 00:06:50
And the one in the middle was just right. 00:06:52
How do you say just right? 00:06:54
Perfecto? 00:06:57
Okay. 00:06:59
So we want the water where the water is liquid, where we can drink it. 00:07:00
So, a planet like Mercury is too close to the Sun, it's too hot. 00:07:06
We call it energy. Pluto is too cold. 00:07:11
So Mars is one that's in the middle, like Earth. 00:07:14
The temperature's not too high. 00:07:17
So we went looking for water. Well, right now there's not a lot of water. 00:07:19
But when we looked close, we found a little bit of water underneath the surface, 00:07:23
and we saw signs that there used to be water there. 00:07:27
And so, Mars just gave us some hints. 00:07:31
about five years ago we sent a rover and landed it and my job is to help get it 00:07:35
there I'm a navigator okay so here's Mercury there's Earth look at the big 00:07:41
planets now Jupiter and Saturn they're further out at first people didn't think 00:07:53
That was a good place to look. 00:07:58
Then they said, wow, there's lots of moons. 00:08:03
Here's the Earth's moon. 00:08:06
That's how big it is. 00:08:08
And here's the Earth. 00:08:10
Jupiter has lots of moons. 00:08:13
And we're going to talk about this one, Europa. 00:08:15
Kind of a nice name, huh? 00:08:18
And then we're going to go to Saturn, 00:08:20
and we're going to look at a small one named Enceladus. 00:08:23
Why are we going to look at those? 00:08:26
Here's Jupiter with all the different color bands. 00:08:28
Here's Europa passing in front of Jupiter. 00:08:35
This is a big storm here, the Red Spot. 00:08:40
There's the shadow. 00:08:43
So it's a tiny little moon. 00:08:45
But what's special about it? 00:08:47
Well, the Hubble telescope took a picture and it saw some water shooting at it. 00:08:50
How do you say geyser? 00:08:57
Geyser. 00:08:59
Geyser. 00:09:01
Geyser. 00:09:03
We saw this shooting out, 00:09:05
and we said, 00:09:07
where's the water coming from? 00:09:09
It must come below the surface. 00:09:11
And we looked at the surface, 00:09:13
and it had ice on it. 00:09:15
Hmm. 00:09:17
Well, 00:09:19
magically, 00:09:21
some ice just appeared. 00:09:23
Nope, not that one. 00:09:25
Okay. 00:09:38
Touch it. 00:09:40
Is it hard? 00:09:42
Yeah. 00:09:44
Here, cast her in. 00:09:46
Cast her in. 00:09:49
Okay, so ice is hard. 00:09:55
And it's cold. 00:09:59
And we think the top of this is ice. 00:10:01
It's not a good place for things to live. 00:10:05
It's too cold, right? 00:10:07
Can we turn on the lights for a second? 00:10:21
Okay, we're going to do a little experiment. 00:10:27
And my assistant here, can you pull a piece of ice out? 00:10:29
Is it hard? 00:10:39
It's hard. 00:10:45
What do you think is going to happen when you put it in water? 00:10:46
Is it going to sink or float? 00:10:49
Okay, try it. 00:10:52
Okay, it's floating. Can you see that? 00:10:56
It floats. 00:11:01
Now that's really strange because normally when things get cold, they condense. 00:11:04
They get heavier and they start to sink. 00:11:10
Now think about it, if you had a lake, like this. 00:11:15
If you had a lake, and the ice were different so that it sank, 00:11:19
then it would get to the bottom, and the bottom would be ice. 00:11:23
And then more would get cold and sink to the bottom. 00:11:26
So your lake would freeze, and all the fish 00:11:29
would be squeezed out into the ocean, and they'd die. 00:11:32
That's not good if you're not living then. 00:11:34
So everything else, when it gets cold, gets heavier. 00:11:37
but ice floats, so that's a real important thing here. 00:11:41
We looked at where the plume came, it came from this spot, 00:11:48
and then we took a picture with a special camera 00:11:52
that shows heat. 00:11:54
And right where the warm spot was 00:12:00
is where the geyser came out. 00:12:02
So we think it got warm and the ice got weak 00:12:04
and it let some water out. 00:12:07
So we think there's water underneath 00:12:09
And we know that what's important for life is water. 00:12:13
So we have liquid water out in this small little moon 00:12:17
very far away. 00:12:20
But we haven't actually seen something living. 00:12:23
So right now, there's people making plans. 00:12:26
We're building a spaceship to go to Jupiter 00:12:29
and then come over to Europa and look for the geyser. 00:12:33
How do you say that again? 00:12:36
Geyser. 00:12:38
That's a geyser. 00:12:38
And when it lands, we're going to see 00:12:40
there's anything living in the water little microbes bacteria or maybe a tiny 00:12:41
fish we don't know yet we're just planning by the time you're grown up 00:12:46
we'll be trying to do this maybe in another 10 15 20 years it's going to be 00:12:51
very hard because it's very far away but this is one of the first places we're 00:12:57
going to look besides Mars for life now we're going to go to Saturn so anybody 00:13:01
else like the rings? I like the rings. How do you say rings? Aneals. Okay. From Earth, with a telescope, you can actually see the rings, but just not all the little details. You just see kind of one big ring. But there's hundreds and hundreds, and there's little moons that come and keep everything in order. Is your room ever a mess? My room is sometimes a mess. So there's little moons that come along and get everything lined up in a pretty 00:13:07
grow. We call them shepherd moons. So, around Saturn, you've got another moon that we call 00:13:37
Enceladus. Now, what's different about the top half to the bottom half? What do you see up here? 00:13:45
It's not a circle. It's like a... I don't know the word. 00:13:52
Okay, do you know the word? 00:14:06
It's a sphere. 00:14:08
A sphere, yeah. 00:14:10
A hot cracker? 00:14:11
A what? 00:14:13
Crater. 00:14:14
Crater, yeah, it's a crater. Things crash into the ice and make dents. We call it a crater in English. 00:14:16
Now the fact that the craters stay there means that nobody has come and smoothed it out again. 00:14:24
But look down here, you don't see so many craters. 00:14:31
Something is going there and smoothing it out. 00:14:34
And we see these long cracks. We call them tiger stripes. 00:14:37
So this is different. This means nothing has happened for a long time and down here things are happening. 00:14:42
And there are cracks in the ice. 00:14:49
And we got a spaceship there, and we saw that there's these geysers shooting out of the ground. 00:14:52
And we flew the spacecraft through the geyser and tested it, and it really was water. 00:15:03
So now we know there's liquid water at Enceladus, and we made careful measurements, 00:15:11
and there's little bits of organic material that can be used for food. 00:15:17
food. So now we know a place where the water is liquid and where there's some food and there's a 00:15:22
nice protection of ice and water underneath. So this is another place we want to look. Here's a 00:15:29
picture of what we think is happening. You have the ice crust and the water shooting out and then 00:15:36
a big ocean underneath. And then down at the bottom, we see some clues that there's a source 00:15:43
of energy. Have you ever heard of hyperthermal vents? It's a big word. At the bottom of the 00:15:49
ocean on Earth, there's places where heat from volcanoes gets out. And that can give 00:15:56
the energy. We need energy. We get energy from food. Other kind of creatures can get 00:16:02
it from these vents. So those are the places we're looking for light. Okay. Here's me on 00:16:07
than the satellite did. 00:16:17
Very big. 00:16:20
40 meters. How do you say 40? 00:16:21
Corrente? 00:16:23
Okay. 00:16:25
So, I didn't want to sit here and talk to you. 00:16:27
I wanted to have some time for questions. 00:16:29
So why don't we bring up the lights 00:16:31
and have some questions here. 00:16:32
This is my part, 00:16:36
is talking to the spaceships. 00:16:37
You can ask about life. 00:16:39
You can talk about planets or space. 00:16:41
Everybody's going to be shy. 00:16:47
Okay. 00:16:48
Do you have any questions for Christopher about this, Charlie? 00:16:49
When you see the planet, I love these things. 00:17:00
Well, they can be described like me. 00:17:17
Do you study math? Mathematics? 00:17:21
I want to be a film engineer, or a coach, and I love math and this. I love this. 00:17:26
So learn your math in science, yeah? 00:17:54
Did you do English yet? Did you go into space? 00:17:57
Did I go into space? No, I haven't. That would be a lot of fun. It turns out that going to space is a team effort. Just like on the football field, you may have a striker that gets the goal, but you have to have other people back playing defense in a goal league. 00:18:01
You have to have a whole team to make it work. 00:18:20
So we have thousands of people. 00:18:23
When we go to a planet, it usually takes thousands of people on a team. 00:18:25
So you need to learn your math and science, 00:18:29
but you also need to learn how to work on teams if you want to be an engineer. 00:18:32
That's really important. 00:18:35
When you were young, you were thinking of being an archaeologist, 00:18:38
finding dinosaur bones and things like that. 00:18:45
But I'm doing something a little different. We're still exploring, finding new things. 00:18:48
Pluto? Does anybody like Pluto? 00:19:14
Okay, who wants Pluto to still be a planet? 00:19:17
Oh, okay. 00:19:21
What happened is we started finding more things. 00:19:24
There's more than just planets. 00:19:26
There's big planets and small planets, 00:19:27
and there's asteroids and comets and everything. 00:19:30
And somebody found another thing that was as big as Pluto. 00:19:33
So he said, do I get to call my thing a planet? 00:19:36
And so all the astronomers got together and said, 00:19:40
oh, what are the rules for being a planet? 00:19:43
You better write these down. 00:19:45
And they said there was going to be the big planets and the dwarf planets. 00:19:47
And Pluto became a dwarf planet. 00:19:51
So it's still there. It hasn't changed. 00:19:53
And, well, maybe my sister will get over it. 00:19:56
She got mad at me when we changed it from a regular planet to a work planet. 00:20:00
Have you seen the picture of Pluto? 00:20:04
It has a big flat area that's shaped kind of like a heart, a corazon. 00:20:06
So my sister says, Pluto has a heart. 00:20:11
Why can't you have a heart and make it a planet? 00:20:15
Yeah? 00:20:19
this is a great question about 20 years ago I was at work and he said someone's 00:20:20
come to visit us let's go talk to him he said I found planets around other stars 00:20:36
not around the Sun the Sun's on our star and we said wow people have thought 00:20:42
about this but we've never seen it before and he showed us his experiments 00:20:49
he was one of the first people now they found thousands all every day they go 00:20:53
and find other planets around stars and some of them are our neighbor stars just 00:20:59
a few light years away but we still can't get there very fast it takes maybe 00:21:04
10 or 20 thousand years to get to the next star with kind of the riots we have 00:21:09
So we need to find a faster way to get there. 00:21:14
But yeah, we find planets around almost all stars. 00:21:17
It's kind of a normal thing. 00:21:21
So we don't know if there's life on the other planets around other stars or not yet. 00:21:23
We're still looking. 00:21:28
We went and we took our radio telescope, 00:21:29
and we're listening in case someone sends us a message, but we haven't heard yet. 00:21:32
Yeah? 00:21:37
Do you know how many universes are there? 00:21:38
How many universes? 00:21:42
What we call the universe, it's got the word uni in it, meaning one. There's only one that we know of. But there are scientists going, maybe there are other universes that are hidden away. They're kind of inside a black hole or something like that. But we don't know yet. There's some reasons to say that might help explain things, but we haven't found any yet. That's a good question. Yeah? 00:21:43
To Neptune? We found moons. In that past Neptune, we've got Pluto and Eris. It turns out, out past Neptune, there's a whole bunch of little planets. We call them Kuiper Belt objects. 00:22:07
A fancy thing. Anna? How many stars in this guy? Oh, wow. No, it's a good question. I just don't know how to tell you a number that big. 00:22:34
Okay, you know how if you have one and you put a zero, that's ten, right? You put two zeros, it's a hundred. Cientos? 00:22:48
put three zeros, it's a thousand. What's that, mil? And then, what do you say, dis mil? 00:23:01
Ten thousand. Okay, then you do six zeros, that's a million. How do you say nine zeros? 00:23:10
We say a billion. 00:23:21
We say a thousand million. 00:23:22
A million. 00:23:24
Nine zeros. 00:23:26
A thousand million. 00:23:27
A million. 00:23:28
A million. 00:23:30
A million. 00:23:31
Okay. 00:23:32
Now, imagine 22 zeros. 00:23:33
Then they do it. 00:23:37
Yeah. 00:23:38
Oh, it makes my head hurt. 00:23:43
Okay. 00:23:46
So, there's some real big numbers. 00:23:48
I should get back to the, have we heard from in outer space? 00:23:50
Does anyone know Jocelyn Bell? 00:23:55
She's famous in the astronomer community. 00:23:58
Okay, we've got young ladies here, okay? 00:24:01
It's not just astronomers. 00:24:05
Astronomers aren't all men like me. 00:24:07
About 1960, about 30 years ago, there was a woman named Jocelyn Bell, 00:24:10
and she was listening with her radio telescope, 00:24:15
And she heard, peep, peep, peep, peep. 00:24:17
And they said, what is that? 00:24:23
Maybe it's little green men sending us a message. 00:24:26
And everyone got excited. 00:24:28
And they thought about it and thought about it. 00:24:30
And they wondered if they discovered things. 00:24:33
And it turns out it wasn't other creatures. 00:24:35
It wasn't aliens. 00:24:38
It was a lighthouse. 00:24:39
There are certain things called pulsars. 00:24:41
And like a, how do you say lighthouse? 00:24:43
Farrow? 00:24:45
Farrow. 00:24:46
Like a lighthouse, it swings around, and every time it comes around, it goes beep, beep. 00:24:47
So that's one of the famous lady astronomers. 00:24:56
Hubble, have you ever heard of Hubble Telescope? 00:24:59
Okay, a few people. 00:25:02
That's a famous telescope. 00:25:05
He used the work of a woman named Henrietta Leavitt. 00:25:08
She discovered a special kind of star that helped study the universe and figure out that it was expanding. 00:25:13
So there's lots of women that have done important things in astronomy, too. 00:25:19
Other questions? 00:25:24
I'm liking Saturn. I like the rings. I think they're really pretty. 00:25:42
How about you? What's your favorite? 00:25:49
Neptune. 00:25:51
Neptune. Okay. I remember when I first started, we'd only had pictures of Neptune from Earth. 00:25:53
And then we sent a spaceship called Voyager there. And for the first time ever, we got 00:26:01
a good picture of Neptune. Real beautiful blue. And we were surprised because we saw 00:26:06
storms there. We thought it was so cold everything would be frozen. So what we learned is when 00:26:12
we go to new places like Neptune, every time we go there, we discover new things. So don't 00:26:17
Don't worry, if you become an astronomer, there's going to be plenty of things to discover. 00:26:22
Most of the universe, we don't know what it is yet. 00:26:27
We see things and it's only just a small amount of the whole universe. 00:26:31
Do you have a question? 00:26:45
Me! 00:26:47
Yeah? 00:26:48
How far is the distance? 00:26:49
The distance from Earth to what? 00:26:56
To Titan. 00:26:58
To Titan. 00:27:00
It takes several hours at the speed of light. 00:27:02
It takes one second to get to the moon. 00:27:08
Boom. 00:27:10
In one second, you're at the moon at the speed of light. 00:27:11
It takes a spaceship about five years to get there. 00:27:13
So really far. 00:27:18
Even going way, way faster. 00:27:20
How about some of the adults? 00:27:24
Can you talk a little bit about how space plays a role? 00:27:51
Okay, space is an important astronomy. 00:28:01
We're talking to spaceships. 00:28:03
Imagine you have your big ear here that's listening to the spaceship. 00:28:05
But what does the Earth do? 00:28:09
It turns, right? 00:28:12
So if you guys are the spaceship and I'm the ear, I can hear you. 00:28:14
But then when I turn around to the other side and turn away, I can't hear you. 00:28:20
So we have three places with these big ears so that at any time of day, 00:28:25
one of them can be talking with the spaceship. 00:28:31
And one of those, just outside Madrid, I passed by this morning, 00:28:34
a place called Rubledo de Chavala. 00:28:38
Does anyone know where that is? 00:28:40
It's out past Permanente, El Escorial, past there. 00:28:43
And we have several of these, actually. 00:28:48
and there's about 30 or 40 00:28:50
spaceships that we talk to 00:28:52
and I come about once a year to work 00:28:54
with people there because I'm off 00:28:56
in California and it's far away 00:28:58
and we need to talk and work on 00:29:00
things together. So there are a lot of people 00:29:02
doing this kind of work right here in 00:29:04
Spain. Also down in 00:29:06
Granada, there's a big telescope 00:29:08
in Canary Islands. Anybody been to Canary 00:29:10
Islands? Okay. 00:29:12
One of the biggest 00:29:15
telescopes in the world is in Canary Islands. 00:29:16
It's a very famous telescope. 00:29:18
And then there's some up in the mountains at Pico de Vuelta. 00:29:20
So lots of astronomy going on in Spain. 00:29:24
Does your brother or sister work in NASA, I think? 00:29:43
Do they work with you? Your brother or sister? Oh, no, no, no. 00:29:47
My sister helps immigrants with legal 00:29:51
problems. The other one's a psychologist, and my brother's 00:29:55
a different kind of engineer. He makes motors. So I'm the only one in the family. So there's 00:29:59
four of us in my family. 00:30:06
How many times does it take to make a rocket? 00:30:08
How much time to make a rocket? In several years. It's very expensive. How high can you 00:30:16
jump? Gravity keeps pulling us back down. So it takes a big, big push to get outside 00:30:23
Earth's gravity. That's why it takes a big rocket and it takes a long time. If you're 00:30:30
just going around the Earth, it's not too bad. But if you want to pull away from the 00:30:35
Earth and go to Mars or Lennon, it takes a lot of energy. How many people live in the 00:30:38
Maybe seven or eight billion? I haven't kept count recently. Yeah, nine zeros, yeah. 00:30:47
Have I been on a rocket? No, I haven't. I've been in an airplane. That's as close as I've gotten. 00:31:00
But maybe by the time you grow up you'll be able to go on rockets. 00:31:08
They're working on making them easier for regular people to go on. 00:31:11
So when do you think a man will step up to Mars? 00:31:18
On Mars? When will we go to Mars? 00:31:30
You know, the strange thing is I think the rocket part is the easy part. 00:31:32
We need good doctors. 00:31:37
It turns out that the Earth has a big magnetic field. 00:31:39
Have you ever seen space shows where they talk about, put up the shields, Captain? 00:31:43
Well, the Earth has a shield, a magnetic field that shields us from radiation. 00:31:47
But once you go out to Mars, you get away from that, and you're not protected. 00:31:53
And so radiation would be a big problem. 00:31:57
The other thing is, what happens if you don't exercise? 00:32:00
Your muscles get weak, right? 00:32:03
Do they have the term couch potato here? 00:32:05
No? 00:32:10
Okay, we have this phrase, couch potato. 00:32:11
If you don't exercise, you're like a potato sitting on the couch. 00:32:15
And you get soft. 00:32:20
And in space, right now my legs are pushing against gravity to stand up. 00:32:22
So they're working even if I'm not running. 00:32:26
And so in space you don't fight against gravity, so your muscles get very weak. 00:32:30
So you have to figure out ways to exercise. 00:32:34
What if you get sick in outer space? 00:32:37
You know, you can't go to a doctor. 00:32:39
So it's the medical problems that I think are the most difficult. 00:32:41
They're doing things now like having astronauts stay in special rooms for a long time 00:32:44
without going outside to see what happens. 00:32:49
You also have to learn to get along with your neighbor. 00:32:52
Because you're in this very small room, and you have to stay there. 00:32:54
It takes about six to nine months to get to Mars. 00:32:58
So it's kind of interesting. 00:33:01
It's not the rocket problems that are the most difficult. 00:33:03
Getting supplies there is perhaps difficult. 00:33:07
If we can find water on Mars, then we won't have to bring as much stuff along. 00:33:10
It probably won't happen, at least for another 15 years, if it does. 00:33:15
What is your favorite part about space, or about your job? 00:33:20
Oh, those are different questions. 00:33:32
My job is to take two big telescopes like this and synchronize them 00:33:35
to work as a virtual telescope the size of the world. 00:33:40
We connect Spain and California, and it makes a telescope 8,000 kilometers. 00:33:44
So I really like working with people and getting our projects to work together. 00:33:50
I get to visit all kinds of interesting places like Spain. 00:33:53
It's just fascinating that that all works. 00:33:57
I do like black holes. 00:34:01
And it turns out that the hole itself is black, but because it's pulling in all this stuff, 00:34:03
it actually is the brightest part of the galaxy. 00:34:09
because all this stuff gets churned up 00:34:12
and it makes this beam, 00:34:17
this beam of energy that goes near the speed of light. 00:34:18
So it's kind of a little bit of an ironic thing 00:34:23
that the dark spot generates the light. 00:34:26
A good question, right? 00:34:29
Yeah? 00:34:32
What did you study to work in the NASA? 00:34:32
What did I study? 00:34:39
Okay, here's a good question for all of you. 00:34:40
Math and science are really important. 00:34:46
And one thing that I didn't expect, my parents said, 00:34:50
take English and study hard. 00:34:53
Does any of your parents say that? 00:34:54
Because once you learn your math and science 00:34:58
and you make your discoveries, 00:35:00
you have to be able to tell somebody. 00:35:01
It doesn't do any good if you can't figure out 00:35:03
how to write your report or give your presentation. 00:35:05
So learning to speak well and to write is really important. 00:35:09
I'm happy to see you guys learning English. 00:35:13
Maybe you can help me learn some more Spanish sometime. 00:35:15
But yeah, communication is really important. 00:35:19
And then teamwork, I mentioned. 00:35:21
So even if you're on a football team and you learn to work together, 00:35:23
that's an important skill for when you get out in the working world. 00:35:28
Is what very difficult? 00:35:38
I want to go up here to make a rocket. 00:35:42
Oh, yeah, yeah. It takes thousands of people working together to make a rocket. 00:35:47
You have the cone and you have special chemicals and they sit in different chambers and when they come together they explode. 00:35:53
So you have to make sure they don't get into the wrong place. 00:36:01
We had one explode on the way to Mars several years ago because there was a little leak and things got out. 00:36:04
So it's very tricky, you have to be very careful. 00:36:11
Okay, one more. 00:36:26
What is it that people is in the south and this one don't go to the space? 00:36:28
Say that again. 00:36:34
What is it that people of the south, of the north, you don't go to the space? 00:36:36
Do people from the South or the North go to space? 00:36:44
There's astronauts from all over the world, is that what you mean? 00:36:48
The people of the South 00:36:52
East 00:36:56
Which people of the South? From where? 00:37:00
South of what? South of Spain? South of the Earth? 00:37:04
South of the Earth? Africa, Australia 00:37:08
places like that yeah we have astronauts from many different countries that go 00:37:12
into space in fact you know people have heard of NASA but Europe has its own 00:37:21
space agency called ESA European Space Agency and the Japanese have one called 00:37:36
Japanese Space Agency, JAXA, and India has many countries, and in fact we help each other. 00:37:42
Just past Uruguay to Chabla is a satellite dish called Sombreros with the European Space Agency, 00:37:51
and we work together to help each other. If we need extra help, if it's a really busy day, 00:37:59
we'll help them or they'll help us. So yeah, countries all over the world work together. 00:38:04
other I was just in South Africa and I work with Australia so lots of people in 00:38:09
the South South for those important we need more help in the South I've started 00:38:16
to work in Argentina so several different countries in the south 00:38:20
Can you build a present for you? 00:38:27
Oh, thank you. 00:38:35
Church, so they can get a picture. 00:38:36
Last week, and I did one part, and I put my poem here, 00:38:48
and the person working with me had a piece of the poem, 00:39:59
and it was this one. 00:40:03
Oh, wow. 00:40:05
I don't know how you do. 00:40:06
How are you guys? 00:40:07
Can you turn the lights down for one second? 00:40:13
I'm learning Spanish, and so I took little pieces of poems from a poet named Abraham Frome. 00:40:16
Can you see that in the back? I don't know. 00:40:24
Whoever can see, help me out. 00:40:28
Estrellas, señas, ojos, mis ojos, carnaval, luz, suave, valentía, 00:40:32
de mi corazón, de mi alma, de mi alma, de mi alma, de mi alma, de mi alma, de mi alma, de mi alma 00:40:45
Idioma/s:
en es
Materias:
Ciencias
Autor/es:
CEIP León Felipe (Leganés)
Subido por:
Cp leonfelipe leganes
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
104
Fecha:
27 de noviembre de 2017 - 9:13
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
CP INF-PRI LEON FELIPE
Duración:
42′ 20″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
320x180 píxeles
Tamaño:
243.29 MBytes

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