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2º ESO/AL ANDALUS AND THE SPANISH RECONQUEST - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 12 de enero de 2021 por Alicia M.

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Al-Andalus and the Spanish Reconquest 00:00:00
Al-Andalus is the name the Muslims gave to the conquered land in the Iberian Peninsula 00:00:03
during the Middle Ages between 711 and 1492, 00:00:09
when they were eventually defeated by the Catholic kings. 00:00:14
In the period of maximum splendor of the Caliphate of Cordoba, 00:00:18
the Muslims dominated all of the Iberian Peninsula, 00:00:22
with the exception of an area situated on the Cantabrian coast. 00:00:25
Taking advantage of the fragility of the Visigoth monarchy in Hispania, 00:00:30
in the year 711, Muslim troops under the Berber general Tariq landed in Gibraltar. 00:00:34
The Visigoth king, Don Rodrigo, tried to stop the invasion but he was defeated at the battle 00:00:41
of Guadalete. This defeat brought about the disintegration of the Visigoth kingdom of Toledo 00:00:47
and its easy conquest in only five years the muslim armies advanced towards the north until 00:00:54
they were stopped in 732 by the french armies of carlos martel in the french city of poitiers 00:01:00
forcing them to retreat to the iberian peninsula hispania became a province of the islamic empire 00:01:09
known as Al-Andalus, with the capital in Cordoba. In the year 756, Abd al-Rahman I 00:01:15
proclaimed himself emir, becoming politically independent from the rest of the Muslim empire. 00:01:24
Almost two centuries later, in the year 929, the maximum splendor of the period of the 00:01:31
Caliphate of Cordoba arrived. In this period, Abd al-Rahman II was proclaimed caliph, 00:01:37
which meant the definitive breakdown of relations with the Caliphate of Baghdad 00:01:44
and his proclamation as the Prince of the Believers. 00:01:49
The years of the government of Abd al-Rahman III and of his son al-Hakam II 00:01:53
made up the period of major splendor of al-Andalus. 00:01:58
Indeed, it might be said that Cordoba was the cultural capital of the world. 00:02:03
The appearance of the leader, al-Manthur, was a landmark in the history of the Caliphate, 00:02:08
Caliphate, as he was a warlord, so managed to have more power and prestige than the Caliph himself. 00:02:12
At the head of his troops, his victorious campaigns took him to Catalonia in the east 00:02:20
and Santiago de Compostela in the north, from where he took the bells of its famous cathedral. 00:02:25
In the year 1002, after the death of Almanzor, the Caliphate of Cordoba became embroiled in a 00:02:32
period of great instability that resulted in the division of Al-Andalus into a series of small 00:02:38
kingdoms known as Taifa kingdoms. There were specifically 27 kingdoms, among which Toledo, 00:02:44
Zaragoza, Valencia, and Sevilla stood out, and some kingdoms became economically and culturally 00:02:52
prosperous. In order to guarantee their independence, they paid tributes to the 00:02:58
Christian kingdoms. In the year 1085, after the fall of the Taifa of Toledo kingdom, several Taifas 00:03:03
asked for help from the Almoravides, a tribe from the north of Africa that eventually settled in 00:03:12
the Iberian peninsula, incorporating Al-Andalus into their empire and slowing the advance of 00:03:18
Christianity. However, the internal divisions favored a new Christian upswing at the start of 00:03:25
the 12th century, which led the kingdoms to ask for help again, this time from the Berber 00:03:31
dynasty of the Almohades, who having landed in the peninsula in 1145, unified the Taifas 00:03:37
and managed to slow the Christian reconquest again. 00:03:44
In the year 1212, the decisive battle of Navas de Tolosa, these days in the province of Jaen, 00:03:49
proved a turning point in the Christian reconquest of the peninsula. 00:03:56
The kingdoms of Castilla, Nevada and Aragon, led by King Alfonso VIII of Castilla, 00:04:00
and counting on the support of the military orders of Santiago, Galatrava and the Knights Templar, 00:04:07
defeated the troops of the Armada Elida, known by the nickname of Mira Mamolin. 00:04:14
The reconquest had started in Asturias in the 8th century, 00:04:21
when Don Pelayo, a Goth nobleman, won the first victory against Islam 00:04:24
at Covadonga in 722. 00:04:29
Pelayo founded the Astur Kingdom, 00:04:33
which expanded into Galicia and Cantabria. 00:04:35
Years later, his son-in-law and successor, Alfonso I, 00:04:39
united the Christians who lived in the Duero Valley 00:04:43
and therefore consolidated the Christian dominance 00:04:46
in the northwest region of the peninsula. 00:04:49
Later, this kingdom became the Kingdom of Leon 00:04:52
after the conquest of this city. 00:04:55
From this kingdom emerged the counties of Portugal and Castilla, both of which later became kingdoms. 00:04:57
Further to the east, the kingdoms of Pamplona, later Navarra, Aragon, and the county of Barcelona were created, 00:05:05
which would form part of the Aragonese crown in the 12th century. 00:05:14
The crown of Aragon directed its conquest towards the east, while the kingdom of Castilla did the same towards the south. 00:05:18
The great achievements of the Aragonese crown 00:05:25
were the conquest of the Kingdom of Mallorca 00:05:28
by Jaime I in 1229 00:05:31
followed by the conquest of the Kingdom of Valencia in 1245 00:05:33
The Kingdom of Castilla y León 00:05:38
definitively unified under the figure of Fernando III, the Saint 00:05:40
occupied what is now Extremadura 00:05:45
and the area of Cordoba around 1236 00:05:48
With the union of the kingdoms of Castilla and Aragon, thanks to the marriage between 00:05:52
Isabel and Fernando, the reconquest was completed through the surrender of the Nazari kingdom 00:05:58
of Granada to the Christian troops. 00:06:05
On the 2nd of January 1492, with the surrender of the keys to the city by the Sultan Boabdil 00:06:08
to Fernando the Catholic, the reconquest was finalized and with it the presence of Muslim 00:06:15
power in the Iberian Peninsula that had lasted for more than 700 years. 00:06:21
Subido por:
Alicia M.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
474
Fecha:
12 de enero de 2021 - 19:37
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES LA SENDA
Duración:
06′ 32″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
640x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
28.91 MBytes

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