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Animal Farm Chapter 1 - Contenido educativo
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Read along and answer the questions.
Now that we've examined context, themes and a general broad understanding of the novella itself, let's look at each chapter by chapter and we'll begin with chapter one.
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Mr. Jones of the manor farm had locked the hen houses for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the pop holes.
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with the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side he lurched across the yard
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kicked off his boots at the back door drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel
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and made his way up to bed where mrs jones was already snoring as soon as the light in the
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bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the farm buildings
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word had gone round during the day that old major the prize middle white ball had had a strange
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dream on the previous night, and wished to communicate it to the other animals.
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It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out
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of the way. Old Major, so he was always called, though the name under which he had been existed
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was Willingdon Beauty, was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to
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lose an hour's sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big barn,
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on a sort of raised platform, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw under a lantern
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which hung from a beam. He was 12 years old and had lately grown rather stout but he was still
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a majestic looking pig with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tissues
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had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable
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after the different fashions. First came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie and Pinscher and then the
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pigs who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The hens perched
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themselves on windowsills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters, the sheep and cows laid down
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behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. The two cart horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together
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walking very slowly and setting down the vast hairy hooves with great care lest there should
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be some small animal concealed in the straw. Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching
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middle-life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous
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beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together.
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A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not
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of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character
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and tremendous powers of work. After the horses came Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin
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the donkey. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm and the worst tempered. He seldom talked and
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when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark. For instance, he would say that God had
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given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies.
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Alone among the animals on the farm, he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw
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nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer. The two of
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them usually spent the Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazing side
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by side and never speaking. The two horses had just lain down with a brood of ducklings, which
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had lost a mother, filed into the barn, cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find a
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place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall around them with her great
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foreleg, and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment,
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Molly, the foolish pretty white mare who drew Mr Jones's trap, came mincing daintily in, chewing a
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lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw
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attention to the red ribbons it was plated with. Last of all came the cat, who looked round as
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usual for the warmest place and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover. There she
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purred contentedly throughout Major's speech without listening to a word of what he was saying.
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all the animals were now present except moses the tame raven who slept in a perch behind the back
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door when major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and waiting attentively
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he cleared his throat and began comrades you have heard already about the strange dream i had last
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night but i will come to the dream later i have something else to say first i do not think comrades
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that i shall be with you for many months longer and before i die i feel it my duty to pass on to
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such wisdom as i have acquired i have had a long life i have had much time for thought as i lay
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alone in my store and i think i may say that i understand the nature of life on this earth as
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well as an animal now living it is about this that i wish to speak to you now comrades what is the
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nature of this life of ours let us face it our lives are miserable laborious and short we are
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born we're given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies and those of us who are
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capable of it, are forced to work down to the last atom of our strength, and the very instant that
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our usefulness has come to an end, we're slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows
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the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life
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of an animal is misery and slavery. That is the plain truth. But is this simply part of the order
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of nature? Is it because this land of ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those
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who dwell upon it? No, comrades, a thousand times no. The soil of England is fertile, its climate is
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good, it's capable of affording food in abundance to an enormously greater number of animals than
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now inhabit it. This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of
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sheep, and all of them living in comfort and a dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining.
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Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the
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produce of our labor stolen from us by human beings their comrades is the answer to all our
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problems it is summed up in a single word man man is the only real enemy we have remove man from the
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scene and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever man is the only creature that
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consumes without producing he does not give milk he does not lay eggs he is too weak to pull the
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plow he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits yes he is a lord of all the animals he sets them
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to work and gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving and the rest
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he keeps for himself. Our labour tills the soil, our dung fertilises it and yet there's not one of
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us that owns more than his bare skin. You cows that I see before me, how many thousands of gallons of
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milk have you given during the last year? And what has happened to that milk which should have been
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breeding up sturdy calves? Every drop of it has gone down the throats of our enemies and you hence
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how many eggs have you laid in the last year and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens
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the rest have all gone to market to bring in money for mr jones and his men and you clover where are
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those four foals you bore who should have been the support and pleasure of your old age each was sold
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at a year old you will never see one of them again in return for your fourth confinements and all your
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labour in the fields, what have you ever had except your bare rations and a stool?
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And even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach the natural span.
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For myself, I do not grumble, for I am one of the lucky ones. I am 12 years old and have had
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over 400 children. Such is the natural life of a pig. But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the
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end. You young pokers who are sitting in front of me, every one of you will scream your lives out
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the block within a year. To that horror we must come. Cows, pigs, hens, sheep, everyone. Even the
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horses and dogs have no better fate. You boxer, the very day that those great muscles of yours
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lose the power, Jones will sell you to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the
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foxhounds. As for the dogs, when they grow old and toothless, Jones ties a brick round their necks
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and drowns them in the nearest pond. Is it not crystal clear then, comrades, that all the evils
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of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings. Only get rid of man and the
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produce of our labour would be our own. Almost overnight we could become rich and free. What
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then must we do? Why, work night and day, body and soul for the overthrow of the human race.
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That is my message to you comrades. Rebellion. I do not know when that rebellion will come.
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It might be in a week or a hundred years but I know as surely as I see this straw beneath my
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feet that sooner or later justice will be done. Fix your eyes on that comrades throughout the
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short remainder of your lives and above all pass on this message of mine to those who come after
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you so that future generations shall carry on the struggle until it is victorious. And remember
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comrades your resolution must never falter, no argument must lead you astray, never listen when
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they tell you that man and the animals have a common interest, that the prosperity of one is
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the prosperity of the others. It's all lies. Man serves the interests of no creature except
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himself. And among us animals, let there be perfect unity, perfect comradeship in the
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struggle. All men are enemies. All animals are comrades. At this moment, there was a
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tremendous uproar. While Major was speaking, four large rats crept out of the holes and
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were sitting on the hindquarters listening to him. The dogs had suddenly caught sight
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of them, and it was only by swift dash for the holes that the rats saved their lives.
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Major raised his trotter for silence.
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Comrades, he said.
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Here's a point that must be settled.
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The wild creatures, such as rabbits, rats and rabbits,
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are they our friends or our enemies?
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Let us put it to the vote.
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I propose this question to the meeting.
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Are rats comrades?
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The vote was taken at once,
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and it was agreed by an overwhelming majority
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that rats were comrades.
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There were only four dissidents,
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the three dogs and the cats,
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who afterwards discovered to have voted on both sides.
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Major continued.
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I have a little more to say. I merely repeat. Remember always your duty of enmity toward man
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and all his ways. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. Whatever goes upon four legs or has
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wings is a friend. And remember also that in fighting against man, we must not come to resemble
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him. Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. No animal must ever live in a house or
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sleep in a bed or wear clothes or drink alcohol or smoke tobacco or touch money or engage in trade
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all the habits of man are evil and above all no animal must ever tyrannize over his own kind weak
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or strong clever or simple we're all brothers no animal must ever kill any other animal all
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animals are equal and now comrades i will tell you about my dream of last night i cannot describe
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that dream to you it was a dream of the earth as it will be when man has vanished but it reminded
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me of something that I had long forgotten. Many years ago, when I was a little pig, my mother
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and the other sows used to sing an old song of which they knew only the tune and the first three
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words. I had known that tune in my infancy, but it had long since passed out of my mind.
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Last night, however, it came back to me in my dream. What is more, the words of the song also
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came back, words uncertain, which were sung by the animals of long ago and have been lost to
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memory for generations. I will sing you that song now, comrades. I am old, my voice is hoarse,
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but when I have taught you the tune, you can sing it better for your souls.
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It's called Beasts of England. Old Major cleared his throat and began to sing.
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As he had said, his voice was hoarse, but he sang well enough, and it was a stirring tune,
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something between Clementine and La Chucharacha. The words ran. Beasts of England, Beasts of
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england beasts of every land and clime hearken to my joyful tidings of the golden future time
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soon or late the day is coming tyrant man shall be overthrown and the fruitful fields of england
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shall be trod by beasts alone rings shall vanish from our noses and the harness from our back
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bitten spur shall rust forever core whips no more shall crack riches more than mind can capture
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wheat and barley oats and hay clover beans and mango whirls shall be ours upon that day
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bright will shine the fields of england purer shall its waters be sweeter yet shall blow its
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breezes on the day that sets us free for that day we must all labor though we did before it break
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cows and horses geese and turkeys all must toil for freedom's sake beasts of england beasts of
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ireland beasts of every land and climb hearken well and spread my tidings of golden future time
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the singing of this song threw the animals into the wildest excitement almost before major had
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reached the end, they had begun singing it for themselves. Even the stupidest of them had already
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picked up the tune and a few of the words, and as for the clever ones, such as the pigs and dogs,
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they had the entire song by heart within a few minutes. And then, after a few preliminary tries,
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the whole farm burst into Beasts of England in tremendous unison. The cows loud it, the dogs
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whined it, the sheep bleated it, the horses whinnied it, the ducks quacked it. They were so delighted
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with the song that they sang it right through five times in succession and might have continued
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singing it all night if they had not been interrupted. Unfortunately, the uproar awoke
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Mr Jones who sprang out of bed making sure that there was a fox in the yard. He seized the gun
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which always stood in a corner of his bedroom and let fly a charge of number six shot into the
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darkness. The pellets buried themselves in the wall of the barn and the meeting broke up hurriedly.
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Everyone fled to his own sleeping place. The birds jumped up on the perches, the animals settled down
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the straw and the whole farm was asleep in a moment. So that is chapter one and essentially
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what this chapter really introduces to us is the vision of animalism. Now as I've mentioned before
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Animal Farm is an allegorical novella and Old Major who's the one who teaches these creatures
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the Beasts of England song is meant to be the person who articulates or rather the animal
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who articulates the ideas of animalism he represents Karl Marx who came up with the idea
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of communism in his book and he literally had the idea that men especially working class men
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should unite and overthrow the elite hierarchy such as the monarchs aristocrats in order to
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establish a more equal society so Old Major is representative of that and animalism essentially
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represents communism so essentially chapter one really sets the scene we get the sense that
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there's revolution that's currently under the surface a lot of the animals are really unhappy
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of course the current mr jones he represents the dictatorial regime of the tsar monarchy in russia
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so prior to 1917 prior to the revolution there were a series of monarchs who ruled russia and
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of course there was that they presided over a very unequal capitalist society and so of course
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all of these animals being gathered together are sowing the seeds of revolution and of course the
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revolution is when people like Stalin, Trotsky, Lenin they're the ones who came together after
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reading Karl Marx and overthrew and of course rebelled and overthrew the communist the monarchy
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and established communist leadership but of course we're getting a little bit ahead of ourselves
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this is just the early stages so this is essentially chapter one in a nutshell.
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- Idioma/s:
- Autor/es:
- George Orwell
- Subido por:
- Noelia S.
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial - Compartir igual
- Visualizaciones:
- 82
- Fecha:
- 14 de octubre de 2021 - 18:16
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES FRANCISCO UMBRAL
- Duración:
- 15′ 39″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1280x720 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 58.15 MBytes
