Saltar navegación

Activa JavaScript para disfrutar de los vídeos de la Mediateca.

2º ESO/THE COMPLEX GEOMETRY OF ISLAMIC ART - Contenido educativo

Ajuste de pantalla

El ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:

Subido el 10 de octubre de 2020 por Alicia M.

366 visualizaciones

Más información Transcripción

Descargar la transcripción

In Islamic culture, geometry is everywhere. 00:00:00
You can find it in mosques, madrasas, palaces, and private homes. 00:00:10
This tradition began in the 8th century CE, 00:00:16
during the early history of Islam, 00:00:19
when craftsmen took pre-existing motifs from Roman and Persian cultures 00:00:21
and developed them into new forms of visual expression. 00:00:26
This period of history was a golden age of Islamic culture, 00:00:30
during which many achievements of previous civilizations 00:00:35
were preserved and further developed, 00:00:37
resulting in fundamental advancements in scientific study and mathematics. 00:00:40
Accompanying this was an increasingly sophisticated use of abstraction 00:00:46
and complex geometry in Islamic art, 00:00:50
from intricate floral motifs adorning carpets and textiles 00:00:53
to patterns of tile work that seemed to repeat infinitely, 00:00:57
inspiring wonder and contemplation of eternal order. 00:01:01
Despite the remarkable complexity of these designs, 00:01:06
they can be created with just a compass to draw circles 00:01:09
and a ruler to make lines within them. 00:01:11
And from these simple tools emerges a kaleidoscopic multiplicity of patterns. 00:01:14
So how does that work? 00:01:20
Well, everything starts with a circle. 00:01:22
The first major decision is, how will you divide it up? 00:01:25
Most patterns split the circle into four, five, or six equal sections, 00:01:28
and each division gives rise to distinctive patterns. 00:01:33
There's an easy way to determine whether any pattern is based on four-fold, five-fold, or six-fold symmetry. 00:01:37
Most contain stars surrounded by petal shapes. 00:01:44
Counting the number of rays on a starburst, or the number of petals around it, 00:01:48
tells us what category the pattern falls into. 00:01:52
A star with six rays, or surrounded by six petals, 00:01:56
belongs in the six-fold category. 00:02:00
One with eight petals is part of the four-fold category, and so on. 00:02:03
There's another secret ingredient in these designs, an underlying grid. 00:02:08
Invisible but essential to every pattern, 00:02:12
the grid helps determine the scale of the composition before work begins, 00:02:15
keeps the pattern accurate, 00:02:20
and facilitates the invention of incredible new patterns. 00:02:22
Let's look at an example of how these elements come together. 00:02:27
We'll start with a circle within a square 00:02:30
and divide it into eight equal parts. 00:02:32
We can then draw a pair of crisscrossing lines 00:02:35
and overlay them with another two. 00:02:38
These lines are called construction lines, 00:02:41
and by choosing a set of their segments, 00:02:44
we'll form the basis of our repeating pattern. 00:02:46
Many different designs are possible from the same construction lines 00:02:50
just by picking different segments. 00:02:54
And the full pattern finally emerges 00:02:56
when we create a grid with many repetitions of this one tile 00:02:59
in a process called tessellation. 00:03:03
By choosing a different set of construction lines, 00:03:06
we might have created this pattern, 00:03:09
or this one. 00:03:12
The possibilities are virtually endless. 00:03:13
We can follow the same steps to create six-fold patterns. 00:03:16
By drawing construction lines over a circle divided into six parts 00:03:20
and then tessellating it, we can make something like this. 00:03:24
Here's another six-fold pattern that has appeared across the centuries 00:03:28
and all over the Islamic world, 00:03:32
including Marrakech, Agra, Konya, and the Alhambra. 00:03:34
Four-fold patterns fit in a square grid, 00:03:40
and six-fold patterns in a hexagonal grid. 00:03:44
Five-fold patterns, however, are more challenging to tessellate 00:03:49
because pentagons don't neatly fill a surface. 00:03:53
So instead of just creating a pattern in a pentagon, 00:03:57
other shapes have to be added to make something that is repeatable, 00:04:00
resulting in patterns that may seem confoundingly complex 00:04:04
but are still relatively simple to create. 00:04:08
Also, tessellation is not constrained to simple geometric shapes, 00:04:12
as M.C. Escher's work demonstrates. 00:04:16
And while the Islamic geometric design tradition 00:04:19
doesn't tend to employ elements like fish and faces, 00:04:22
it does sometimes make use of multiple shapes to craft complex patterns. 00:04:25
This more than 1,000-year-old tradition has wielded basic geometry 00:04:31
to produce works that are intricate, decorative, and pleasing to the eye. 00:04:35
and these craftsmen prove just how much is possible 00:04:40
with some artistic intuition, creativity, dedication, 00:04:44
and a great compass and ruler. 00:04:48
Subido por:
Alicia M.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
366
Fecha:
10 de octubre de 2020 - 16:35
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES LA SENDA
Duración:
05′ 06″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
47.97 MBytes

Del mismo autor…

Ver más del mismo autor

EducaMadrid, Plataforma Educativa de la Comunidad de Madrid

Plataforma Educativa EducaMadrid