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AGENDA 2030 (3) - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 30 de marzo de 2022 por Carmen De Los R.

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Today, more than half of all people in the world live in an urban area. 00:00:00
By mid-century, this will increase to 70%. 00:00:11
But as recently as 100 years ago, 00:00:15
only 2 out of 10 people lived in a city, 00:00:17
and before that it was even less. 00:00:19
How have we reached such a high degree of urbanization, 00:00:22
and what does it mean for our future? 00:00:25
In the earliest days of human history, 00:00:27
humans were hunter-gatherers, 00:00:29
often moving from place to place in search of food. 00:00:31
But about 10,000 years ago, 00:00:34
our ancestors began to learn the secrets of selective breeding 00:00:37
and early agricultural techniques. 00:00:40
For the first time, people could raise food rather than search for it, 00:00:42
and this led to the development of semi-permanent villages 00:00:46
for the first time in history. 00:00:49
Why only semi-permanent, you might ask? 00:00:52
Well, at first the villages still had to relocate every few years 00:00:54
as the soil became depleted. 00:00:58
It was only with the advent of techniques like irrigation and soil tilling 00:01:00
about 5,000 years ago that people could rely on a steady and long-term supply of food, 00:01:04
making permanent settlements possible. 00:01:09
And with the food surpluses that these techniques produced, 00:01:12
it was no longer necessary for everyone to farm. 00:01:15
This allowed the development of other specialized trades, 00:01:18
and by extension, cities. 00:01:20
With cities now producing surplus food as well as tools, crafts, and other goods, 00:01:23
there was now the possibility of commerce and interaction over longer distances. 00:01:28
And as trade flourished, so did technologies that facilitated it, 00:01:33
like carts, ships, roads, and ports. 00:01:37
Of course, these things required even more labor to build and maintain, 00:01:43
so more people were drawn from the countryside to the cities 00:01:47
as more jobs and opportunities became available. 00:01:49
If you think modern cities are overcrowded, 00:01:52
you may be surprised to learn that some cities in 2000 BC 00:01:55
had population densities nearly twice as high as that of Shanghai or Calcutta. 00:01:58
One reason for this was that transportation was not widely available, 00:02:04
so everything had to be within walking distance, 00:02:07
including the few sources of clean water that existed then. 00:02:10
And the land area of the city was further restricted 00:02:13
by the need for walls to defend against attacks. 00:02:16
The Roman Empire was able to develop infrastructure to overcome these limitations. 00:02:20
But other than that, modern cities as we know them 00:02:25
didn't really get their start until the Industrial Revolution, 00:02:27
when new technology deployed on a mass scale 00:02:31
allowed cities to expand and integrate further, 00:02:33
establishing police, fire, and sanitation departments, 00:02:36
as well as road networks and later electricity distribution. 00:02:39
So what is the future of cities? 00:02:44
Global population is currently more than 7 billion 00:02:46
and is predicted to top out around 10 billion. 00:02:49
Most of this growth will occur in the urban areas of the world's poorest countries. 00:02:52
So, how will cities need to change to accommodate this growth? 00:02:57
First, the world will need to seek ways to provide adequate food, sanitation, and education for all people. 00:03:01
Second, growth will need to happen in a way that does not damage the land that provides us with the goods and services that support the human population. 00:03:08
Food production might move to vertical farms and skyscrapers, rooftop gardens, or vacant lots in city centers, 00:03:15
while power will increasingly come from multiple sources of renewable energy. 00:03:24
Instead of single-family homes, more residences will be built vertically. 00:03:29
We may see buildings that contain everything that people need for their daily life, 00:03:33
as well as smaller, self-sufficient cities focused on local and sustainable production. 00:03:37
The future of cities is diverse, malleable, and creative, 00:03:42
no longer built around a single industry, 00:03:46
but reflecting an increasingly connected and global world. 00:03:49
Subido por:
Carmen De Los R.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
69
Fecha:
30 de marzo de 2022 - 9:55
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ATENEA
Duración:
04′ 08″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
10.95 MBytes

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