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5. Felipe II Domestic Policy

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Subido el 29 de marzo de 2020 por Ruben P.

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Ok, so today we are going to start with the reign of Philip II, Felipe II. 00:00:00
We are not going to see in one video the whole reign, it's longer than Charles V, it's longer 00:00:06
than the Carlos V. So what we are going to start is just with the characteristics of 00:00:12
this reign and the domestic policy. 00:00:18
The next video will be the foreign policy. 00:00:20
So we are going to study the characteristics of this reign in general, how Philip II or 00:00:23
the territories he is going to inherit and how he is going to be the new king of Spain 00:00:28
and of the Hispanic monarchy, that would be the right term, and also we are going to study 00:00:33
the domestic policy, it means the policy of Philip II related with the Spanish territories, 00:00:38
not with the foreign policy, it means we are not going to study in this video the wars 00:00:44
and the relation of the Hispanic monarchy with the other countries. 00:00:50
So let's begin. 00:00:55
What we are going to see is Philip II is going to create a global empire. 00:00:56
He is not going to be an emperor, but he is going to create a territorial empire. 00:01:00
What is the difference? 00:01:04
The difference is if you are an emperor is because you have the crown of an emperor, 00:01:05
but Philip II is going to be just a king. 00:01:10
But Philip II is going to have a territorial empire. 00:01:14
It means he is going to have a territory that wide, that huge, that it can be considered 00:01:17
as an empire a territorial empire okay so philip ii is not going to be an emperor but he is going 00:01:24
to have a territorial empire so let's see carlos quinto is not going to give all his territories to 00:01:31
his son he is going to divide these territories we have explained this to epigraphs before or say 00:01:38
yes so carlos quinto is going to give the um the holy roman empire to his brother ferdinand and 00:01:45
And it's going to give the rest of the territories to Philip II, to his son, Philip II. 00:01:53
So, Ferdinand, his brother, is going to obtain Austria and the imperial crown. 00:01:58
It means these territories, the pink territories, the Austrian territories, along with the Holy Roman Empire, is going to go for his brother, Ferdinand. 00:02:02
Here is Ferdinand, Fernando, okay? 00:02:17
So, Fernando is going to obtain, he is going to be the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 00:02:19
and he is going to control these territories, the Austrian territories. 00:02:26
Why Carlos Quinto is not giving these territories to Philip II, to Felipe II, well, we explained 00:02:30
this before, so the idea is Philip II is not going to inherit this empire and these territories 00:02:36
because of all the religious problems that started in the Holy Roman Empire. 00:02:41
So Carlos V do not want to give to his son this problem, the problem with Lutheranism, with Calvinism, this problem inside the Holy Roman Empire that make or force Carlos V to fight against them, defending Catholicism. 00:02:47
So, that's the idea. Felipe II, as you can see here, inherited the Iberian Peninsula, these territories in North Africa, Sardinia, Sicily, Naples, Milan, Franco Condado in Spanish, Luxembourg and the lower countries, and also America. 00:03:04
But the Holy Roman Empire and these Austrian territories are going to go to Fernando. 00:03:21
Okay, so Philip Carlos Quinto is going to divide his territories between his brother and his son. 00:03:26
And he is not going to give the Holy Roman Empire to his son because he doesn't want his son to have these troubles, okay, these problems. 00:03:33
Okay, so Philip II inherited the rest, Castile and his territories in America. 00:03:40
He inherited the Crown of Aragon and his Italian territories. 00:03:45
And the lower countries and French Conte, that means Franco Condado. 00:03:49
I prefer to call it Franco Condado. I like it more than French Conte. I don't like that much in English 00:03:53
So the lower countries Crown of Aragon Castile America and French Conte or Franco Condado 00:03:59
Okay, these are the territories he is going to inherit. Okay, remember 00:04:05
The lower countries Luxembourg, France Conte, Milan, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia 00:04:09
Aragon and Castile and Navarre. Okay, and these territories in Northern Africa and America 00:04:15
Okay, these are the territories he is going to inherit, but he is going to expand his territories not only in America, because he is going to conquer new territories in America, but he is going to inherit also or he is going to obtain Portugal, Portugal along with Ceuta and the territories of Portugal in Africa and Asia. 00:04:20
you'll see in a different map and these territories the Portuguese territories 00:04:44
along with the Spanish and European ones are going to create this a territorial 00:04:49
Empire of Philip the second okay remember the Ottoman Empire was defeated 00:04:55
by Carlos Quinto near Vienna so these are the frontiers but you see these are 00:05:01
territories of the Ottoman Empire so from these territories is how the 00:05:07
the different pirates are attacking the spanish territories in the western mediterranean okay 00:05:11
so let's continue this is philip ii you know him already so philip is going to increase his 00:05:17
empire obtaining what the king of portugal but including the territories of in america africa 00:05:25
and asia in 188 in 1580 so it means philip ii is going to be king of spain king of the hispanic 00:05:31
monarchy in 1556 but until 1580 he is not going to obtain Portugal he is not 00:05:40
going to inherit Portugal he is not going to control the whole Iberian 00:05:47
Peninsula okay so as a result Philip the second is going to have dominions it 00:05:51
means territories okay across the world okay let's see this is the Empire of 00:05:58
Philip II was controlling the Iberian Peninsula, the Hispanic monarchy that is in orange with 00:06:04
the territories in America, also the territories in America of Portugal and the territories 00:06:15
in Africa and Asia of Portugal and Spain. 00:06:21
So what you see is these territories, both the Portuguese and the Spanish ones are going 00:06:26
to be enhanced on only one person Philip the second so Philip the second is going 00:06:32
to have one of the most biggest empires in history so he is going to control 00:06:37
territories in one two three four and also five continents so that's the idea 00:06:43
okay he's going to have territories in almost all the continents okay so he is 00:06:50
going to have a global empire and finally the last thing is in 1561 he is 00:06:56
going to create he's going to set the capital city in Madrid so Madrid is 00:07:05
going to be the capital city since 1561 okay so it's going to be the he is going 00:07:09
to live in Madrid and he is going to rule his territorial empire from Madrid 00:07:16
so that's the this is the global Empire he is going to create due to first the 00:07:20
territories inherited and then the expansion he is going to carry out thanks 00:07:26
to the conquest of the thanks to thanks to Portugal the king of Portugal and his 00:07:30
territories his dominions and also the expansion in America in general to the 00:07:40
north and that he is going to establish the capital city in Madrid so let's 00:07:45
start with the domestic problems this is the last point we are going to see today 00:07:51
the domestic problems okay so we we will see that which are the problems that 00:07:54
Philip II is going to face inside the Iberian Peninsula so remember you 00:08:00
need to understand that he is a king of many different kingdoms but these 00:08:07
kingdoms are going to maintain their own institution their own laws their own 00:08:11
languages their own currency it means their own coins etc so it means Philip 00:08:15
the second is not going to have the same power in Castile Aragon or the lower countries or Portugal 00:08:22
for example so it means Philip the second is going to be more powerful in Castile than in Aragon 00:08:29
why Aragon you know that in Aragon the nobility is more powerful than in Castile so that the king 00:08:34
is going to have more power in Castile than in Aragon second Aragon thanks to this thanks to 00:08:40
this power of the nobility Aragon is going to keep part of its loss okay so 00:08:47
its photos so they are going to have a specific loss and the king cannot break 00:08:52
this loss okay so this idea is crucial Phyllis the 00:08:59
seconds has many different kingdoms but these kingdoms are going to keep their 00:09:05
own languages their own institutions their own laws called photos and their 00:09:10
own and their own currency or coins okay so that's the idea Philip the second has 00:09:15
not the same power in Castile than Aragon or Portugal or the lower countries etc 00:09:23
so the idea is Philip the second is going to have more power in Castile than 00:09:27
in Aragon because in Aragon the nobility is more powerful than in Castile and due 00:09:31
to this fact due to this fact Aragon is going to have a specific laws called 00:09:36
fueros limiting the powers of the king please keep this in mind this is really 00:09:44
important not only for third of ESO but for fourth of ESO these fueros these laws 00:09:50
in Aragon are going to limit the power of the king it means Philip II can do 00:09:55
more things or has more power in Castile than in Aragon so let's see the different 00:10:01
problems okay the first thing is that we are going to have a political crisis we 00:10:08
are going to have three crises the political crisis the economic crisis and 00:10:12
the religious crisis three different crises three different domestic problems 00:10:16
this political crisis is based on treason okay let's explain this Philip 00:10:21
II has a has a counselor okay has a secretary the king's secretary and it's 00:10:28
called Antonio Perez that's his name okay the thing is Antonio Perez this guy 00:10:36
here was the the the person that's Philip II trusted more it means 00:10:42
imagine you have a best friend you trust a lot in this friend that would be 00:10:50
Antonio Perez but imagine this best friend of yours is going to treason you 00:10:54
okay is going to treason Philip II so Philip II is going to get 00:10:59
really angry and he is going to try to capture Antonio Perez and kill him okay 00:11:04
and execute him based on treason okay la idea es antonio perez es el secretario de felipe 00:11:12
felipe confía mucho en él pero antonio va a traicionar a felipe okay this king's secretary 00:11:20
called antonio perez was selling state secrets to england and france you need to understand 00:11:28
that antonio perez was the king's secretary he knew almost everything in the court so he was 00:11:35
selling these secrets that he knew about Philip II, about the court, about Spain to England and 00:11:41
France, that they are two enemies of Spain. So imagine when Philip II realizes, 00:11:48
discovered that Antonio Pérez was selling secrets to England and France, okay? He is going to get 00:11:58
mad he is going to 00:12:05
He's going to 00:12:08
persecute him in order to 00:12:10
Imprison him and finally execute him for treason. So the problem is 00:12:13
Antonio Perez is going to run away 00:12:19
from Castile to Aragon 00:12:23
Why he's going to go to Aragon because he knows the power of the king in Aragon is 00:12:26
is weaker than in Castile, it means due to these fueros, due to these laws and the power 00:12:31
of the nobility in Aragon, he knows, Antonio Perez knows that Philip II has less power, 00:12:40
so that he tries to refuge in Aragon in order to get protection under its fueros. 00:12:47
What is going to do Philip II? 00:12:57
Philip II is going to use the institution that Aragon and Castile have in common. 00:12:59
Remember, this institution was created by the Catholic Monarchs, or was introduced by 00:13:06
the Catholic Monarchs in Castile and Aragon, and this institution is the Inquisition. 00:13:10
So the king is going to use the Inquisition, and he's going to use the Inquisition because 00:13:17
it's the unique institution that Castile and Aragon are going to share. 00:13:21
So is the unique tool that Philip II have or has or had in order to capture Antonio 00:13:27
Pérez. 00:13:35
The problem is Antonio Pérez is going to run away again and is going to escape to France 00:13:36
and he is going to start living in France and then in England spreading the dark legend 00:13:41
La Leyenda Negra about Philip II, understood? 00:13:49
So the idea is, this political crisis is based on the treason of Antonio Pérez against Philip 00:13:55
II. 00:14:02
Antonio Pérez was the king's secretary of Philip II, ok, but he was selling secrets 00:14:03
to England and France. 00:14:08
When Philip II finds out this treason he is going to persecute him in order to imprison 00:14:10
him and after that of course execute him for treason the problem is he is going to run away 00:14:15
to aragon antonio perez ran away to aragon so there in aragon he is going to try to stop 00:14:21
philip ii's power using the fueros it means he knew that in aragon the king has less power 00:14:29
than in castile the problem is philip ii is going to use or the problem for antonio perez of course 00:14:36
is that Philip II is going to use the institution that Aragon and Castile have in common, 00:14:43
that is, the Inquisition. 00:14:49
The problem is the Inquisition failed. 00:14:51
They couldn't capture Antonio Pérez and he escaped to France. 00:14:53
And the dark legend about Spain of Philip II began thanks to this person, Antonio Pérez. 00:14:57
Okay, so this is the political crisis. 00:15:05
El caso Antonio Pérez in Spanish. 00:15:08
This is called El caso Antonio Pérez. 00:15:10
Antonio Pérez started to sell state secrets to the enemies of Spain, England and France. 00:15:12
So remember he is going to run away from Castile to Aragon and from Aragon to Francia, ok? 00:15:22
To France. 00:15:27
Remember Aragon and Castile have one institution in common, that is the Inquisition, so he 00:15:28
is going to use the Inquisition to capture him in Aragon. 00:15:32
The problem is he is going to run away to France. 00:15:35
So let's see the economic crisis. 00:15:40
Okay, what is going to happen with the economy? 00:15:42
Philip II is going to have or is going to suffer an important economic crisis during his reign. 00:15:45
But this economic crisis is going to be based on his father's policy. 00:15:52
Okay, so due to Carlos Quinto, the crown was in financial ruin. 00:15:58
It means all the wars that Carlos Quinto paid or fought during his reign is going to left the crown, it means the crown of Castile, Aragon, etc., in financial crisis, in financial ruin. 00:16:05
It means the outgoings, quiere decir los gastos, were higher than the incomes, que los ingresos, ¿no? Los gastos son más que los ingresos. 00:16:18
as a result financial ruin I have no money I have no money to pay all these 00:16:29
debts because the incomes are fewer okay or are smaller than the outgoings make 00:16:36
sense so the idea is Carlos Quinto is going to let the crown in financial 00:16:44
ruin in financial crisis because the debts of Carlos Quinto are higher than 00:16:48
the incomes of the crown so remember the king this meme is perfect the reign of carlos quinto 00:16:54
or charles the first carlos primero de españa carlos quinto alemania is going to use the money 00:17:04
not to develop castile not to develop spain but to pay the different religious wars that's the idea 00:17:08
why we are in financial crisis because we are not using the money in order to develop the country 00:17:16
and increase the incomes of the country they he was using the money to pay the wars and the wars 00:17:22
are not making the the incomes to increase que quiere decir no es lo mismo invertir el dinero 00:17:30
en industria economía para producir más y ganar más dinero vale que cuando inviertes el dinero 00:17:39
pero en guerras que no producen beneficios sino solo gasto y deudas. 00:17:46
So that's the reason why Charles V left the crown in financial ruin, because the outgoings 00:17:51
were higher than the incomes, los gastos son mayores que los ingresos. 00:17:57
However, thanks to the silver that came from America and the new taxes created by Philip 00:18:02
II, he could continue paying these wars. 00:18:09
Remember all the enemies that Philip II had were the enemies of Carlos Quinto and also 00:18:14
he acquired or he had one extra enemy that was England. 00:18:21
So the idea is Philip II is going to fight against the Ottoman Empire, is going to fight 00:18:26
against the Protestants in the lower countries, he is going to fight against France and also 00:18:32
against England. 00:18:38
So the idea is Philip II is going to have 3 out of 4 enemies that they are inherited 00:18:40
by or they were enemies of his father and he is going to have an extra enemy that is 00:18:45
going to be England. 00:18:51
So the reign of Philip II is based also in an economic crisis, this economic crisis started 00:18:54
due to that Carlos Quinto left the crowning financial ruin, but he is going to, but Philip 00:19:02
second is going to keep fighting in Europe using the silver that comes from 00:19:08
America and creating new taxes okay so these are the two main crisis the two 00:19:12
main problems the two main domestic problems there are another one and it's 00:19:18
the religious problem we are going to find a religious problem out of Spain 00:19:22
and inside Spain okay the problem inside Spain is going to be a rebellion a 00:19:26
A rebellion of Moriscos out of Spain is part of the foreign policy, we are not going to 00:19:33
see it now, but it is going to be the problem in the lower countries. 00:19:38
So let's see the religious policy. 00:19:43
So what happened? 00:19:46
The religious policy of Felipe II was based on imposing Catholicism and to persecuting 00:19:47
Protestants, or other religious minorities, in this case, Moriscos. 00:19:54
So the idea is, remember, Philip II with his son, Carlos, they are looking how they are 00:20:01
burning alive some Protestants. 00:20:07
The policy, the religious policy of Philip II was really strict. 00:20:11
So Philip II developed this policy based on imposing Catholicism. 00:20:16
What is the problem? 00:20:21
The result of this policy was in 1568 a revolt carried out by Moriscos and started in Granada. 00:20:23
is granada okay remember the the old kingdom of granada okay conquered by the last kingdom the 00:20:31
last muslim kingdom conquered in the iberian peninsula by the catholic monarchs in 1492. 00:20:38
so this kingdom in this in this region in the kingdom of granada we are going to have what 00:20:44
is called in spanish la rebellion de las alpujarras because it's the region in granada las alpujarras 00:20:49
As you can see, it started in 1568, 1567, 1568, and was carried out by Moriscos. 00:20:55
It means Muslims that they have converted into Catholicism. 00:21:04
And this rebellion started because they wanted, as Catholics now, they wanted to have the same living conditions that the other Catholics. 00:21:10
They do not want to be discriminated. 00:21:20
okay so the idea is Philip II based on this policy of imposing 00:21:22
Catholicism this policy is going to affect these Moriscos that they are 00:21:29
Muslim converted into Catholicism and they are going to revolt they are going 00:21:33
to ask for better living conditions so who is going to end with this revolt the 00:21:39
war of the Alpujarras in English La Rebellion de las Alpujarras the brother 00:21:44
of Philip the second that is called John of Austria Juan de Austria okay and he 00:21:49
is going to end with this rebellion in 1570 okay so it's two years two years 00:21:58
on something and a little bit more fighting in the Alpujarras you see the 00:22:03
different the different places where this rebellion is going to spread okay 00:22:09
is going to break out and spread okay so this rebellion is going to be end using 00:22:15
the army and this army is going to be led by John of Austria that is the 00:22:22
brother of Felipe II okay and this war is going to be ended in 1570 so here is 00:22:27
John of Austria Juan de Austria okay he used to he the people said that he was 00:22:37
really attractive so this is the religious policy okay a policy based on 00:22:44
imposing Catholicism a Catholic policy that is going to make the Moriscos in 00:22:53
Granada to revolt and a war that is going to be the war of the Alpujarras or 00:23:00
Rebellion de las Alpujarras that is going to last more than two years until 1570 00:23:05
and it's going to be ended by John of Austria that Juan de Austria is the 00:23:10
brother of Philip II. So in the next video we will see the words of Philip II. 00:23:16
So it means the foreign policy of Philip II. 00:23:21
Autor/es:
Rubén Peinado González
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
87
Fecha:
29 de marzo de 2020 - 23:38
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
23′ 29″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
114.78 MBytes

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