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1º ESO/ROMANS IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 13 de febrero de 2021 por Alicia M.

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Hispania Romana. The conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by Rome lasted two centuries from 00:00:00
218 BC to 19 AD. The Romans gave the peninsula its name, Hispania, and carried out the conquest 00:00:08
for three main reasons. Firstly, to have control of the western Mediterranean, which they were 00:00:17
competing for with Carthage. Secondly, to take advantage of the wealth that the mines 00:00:24
generated, like gold and silver, and also to stock up on wine and oil. And lastly, with 00:00:30
a geographical goal to conquer the whole of Europe, reaching the Cape of Finisterre, the 00:00:38
end of land in Latin, which was the most western point of the known world at that time. The 00:00:44
Conquest starts with the landing of Publio and Sineo Escipion in Emporium, 00:00:51
nowadays Empurius in Girona, during the Second Punic War. 00:00:57
On the side of the Carthaginians, Amilcar Barca, Asdrubal, 00:01:03
and finally Hannibal, succeeded each other as leader. 00:01:07
Hannibal left Carthago Nova, nowadays Cartagena, 00:01:13
crossed the Pyrenees and the Alps with his army, 00:01:18
which included elephants, and arrived at the gates of Rome. 00:01:20
After the Roman victory at the Battle of Elipa, near Alcalá del Río in Sevilla, 00:01:26
the Carthaginians were forced to abandon the peninsula, 00:01:33
and finally, at the Battle of Fama in Africa, 00:01:36
they were completely beaten by Publio Cornelio Escipio, the African. 00:01:40
The Romans advanced their conquest through a military unit known as the Roman Legion, 00:01:47
which fought not only on flat terrain but also in the mountains. 00:01:51
They were made up of 6,000 men and 300 riders 00:01:56
and each unit had their own name and number. 00:02:00
Like, for example, the Lechio 7th Gemina 00:02:04
originally from the city of Leon, whose name came from Lechio. 00:02:07
However, during their advance through the Iberian Peninsula 00:02:14
the Romans met fierce resistance from the tribes. 00:02:17
In Dybal and Mandonio, 206 BC, warlords from the Iberian tribes of the Ilegetes and Ocetanos 00:02:21
fought in the Pyrenees and the Valley of the Ebro against the Romans, 00:02:31
although eventually they were executed for repeated treason against Rome. 00:02:36
In the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, the Romans had to fight against the Portuguese warlord Viriato, 00:02:42
who used guerrilla warfare for seven years 00:02:49
to resist all the Roman armies sent to beat him. 00:02:53
In the end he reached a peace treaty with Rome 00:02:57
but he was assassinated by three of his lieutenants. 00:03:00
The story goes that when these three went to collect their reward 00:03:04
the Roman consul, Vescipion Emiliano 00:03:07
ordered them to be executed for treachery 00:03:11
saying, Rome does not reward traitors. 00:03:14
Another example was the Celtic-Iberian resistance in the city of Numancia, on the outskirts of what is now Soria. 00:03:19
In the year 133 BC, the general, Escipio Emiliano, laid siege to the city for 15 months, with 60,000 soldiers against 2,500 Numancians. 00:03:26
Faced with defeat, the majority of the people inside the city chose to commit suicide rather than become Roman slaves. 00:03:42
The Sertorian Wars, which took place in Hispania between the years 82 BC and 72 BC, 00:03:50
and pitted the Roman general Quintus Sertorius against Pompey the Great, 00:03:58
also helped in the Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula, with Iberian tribes fighting on both sides. 00:04:04
Julius Caesar's last battle was Munda near Chaerne 00:04:11
which he won and he was then assassinated in Rome a few months later 00:04:16
leading to the period known as the Roman Empire 00:04:20
Presence of the Romans in the Iberian Peninsula lasted six centuries 00:04:24
from the 2nd century BC to the start of the 5th century AD 00:04:29
when the Visigoths arrived 00:04:33
The Romanization was founded on four main principles 00:04:35
the language. Latin replaced the indigenous languages Iberian, Celt. It is estimated that 00:04:40
approximately 70% of the words in the Spanish language come from Latin. Polytheistic religion, 00:04:49
many gods, was replaced by Christianity which became the official religion of the Roman Empire 00:04:56
at the end of the 4th century with Emperor Theodosius. 00:05:03
Roman law, which introduced laws and the concept of the state 00:05:09
and also the organization of the land in Hispania, 00:05:13
which in the time of Emperor Octavio Augusto, 27 BC, 00:05:17
was divided in three provinces, 00:05:21
Baetica, Terraconense and Lusitania. 00:05:24
Urban civilization. 00:05:28
the Romans created an important network of roadways that joined cities up, 00:05:30
such as Cadiz, Cartagena, Córdoba, León, Mérida, Sevilla and Zaragoza. 00:05:36
All these cities have a similar pattern, 00:05:43
made up of a main road called Cardo, north to south, 00:05:46
and also the Cúmeno, east to west. 00:05:51
Both converge at the forum, the heart of the city, 00:05:55
where the government buildings, temples, baths and markets were to be found. 00:05:58
Great feats of engineering and architecture were carried out, 00:06:04
some of the most impressive being the walls of Lugo, 00:06:08
the aqueduct at Segovia, the Alcántara Bridge and the Amphitheater at Merida. 00:06:13
Hispania was one of the most Romanized provinces of the Empire. 00:06:20
In the 3rd century AD, Roman citizenship was granted to all the free inhabitants of Hispania. 00:06:24
A number of important figures in the history of Rome were born in Hispania. 00:06:32
For example, the emperors Trajan, Hadrian and Theodosius, 00:06:38
the philosopher Seneca, the poet Marcial and the public speaker Quintiliano. 00:06:43
Subido por:
Alicia M.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
171
Fecha:
13 de febrero de 2021 - 19:12
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES LA SENDA
Duración:
06′ 52″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
640x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
27.37 MBytes

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