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Subido el 21 de mayo de 2009 por EducaMadrid

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¿Qué es el Programa Una laptop por niño?
Una laptop por niño es un programa ejecutado por el MED a través de la Dirección General de Tecnologías Educativas (DIGETE) para contribuir a la equidad educativa en las áreas rurales. El programa busca mejorar la calidad de la educación que se dé al alumnado de esas áreas, para lo cual se va a modernizar y repotenciar el rol de sus docentes, y se les va a distribuir 250 mil Laptops X0, que son computadoras portátiles diseñadas como poderosa herramienta pedagógica para estudiantes de educación primaria de países en desarrollo, por lo cual son de bajo costo y pueden soportar un uso intenso por niños de áreas rurales en sus escuelas y casas los 365 días del año en la costa, la sierra y la selva.

Un Reportaje de Manuel Santillán para MIT Tecnology Review (Part I)

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Peru has 5 million primary school-aged children and a national education budget of about $3.25 00:00:00
billion. About 95% of that is devoted to teacher salaries. Purchasing 400,000 laptops will 00:00:12
cost the nation about $75 million, a large portion of its discretionary budget. To find 00:00:19
out why Peru is investing so much in laptops, we went to visit Oscar Becerra, who heads 00:00:25
the project for Peru's Education Ministry. 00:00:31
The Ministry of Education used to be the rector of the San Martín de Porres University. So 00:00:36
the current rector and the minister talked about this interesting initiative. As a result, 00:00:53
the university rector and myself, who then worked for the university, attended the New 00:00:59
Countries meeting of OLPC in Cambridge last March, a year ago. There we presented to Nicolas 00:01:07
what the efforts of technology deployment into schools were in Peru and that we were 00:01:17
interested in beginning with the poorest kids and how that could be accomplished. As a result, 00:01:24
we received 100 machines, donations that were given to the ministry to run a pilot project 00:01:31
in Araway. 00:01:42
Araway, if you see the map, it looks pretty close to Lima. It's just 100 kilometers. 00:01:43
It's about here. 00:01:49
Yes, it's about here. But it takes four hours to get there. Peru, where we deployed seven 00:01:50
laptops for teachers, takes about a week to get there because you need to fly, then take 00:01:56
a smaller plane, and then a boat to get there. And those are the really poor children that 00:02:03
have, since centuries, had no opportunity in life. 00:02:10
We already knew that computers have a major impact on education, on a very important aspect 00:02:16
of education, which is intrinsic motivation. One of the major problems of education, formal 00:02:25
education worldwide, is that students don't understand why they should learn what they 00:02:33
are supposed to learn. So the phrase is old, but it was niche in the 40s, I guess, that 00:02:38
said those who have a why can learn any how. The problem with most school children is they 00:02:45
are taught many hows and no whys. So when you have a computer and students own the computer, 00:02:52
they begin finding whys because they realize that they can actually build something with 00:02:59
the computer, something that's meaningful for them. In trying to succeed, they must 00:03:08
learn many things, most of them curriculum-related. So we already knew that. 00:03:14
Another example that was discovered by the Arawai children is most of these children 00:03:22
come from bilingual, Quechua, and Spanish homes and are not very fluent in Spanish. 00:03:27
So their reading in Spanish is cumbersome. One of the exercises they do is they read 00:03:33
aloud and teachers correct them, which is shameful. They don't feel well. Their relationship, 00:03:41
the affective relationship with the teacher, is not a good one. The teacher is the enemy. 00:03:48
Now they can record their voices. So they read aloud and play it back from the computer, 00:03:54
and they don't understand what they hear because they are not reading properly. But it's not 00:04:01
a teacher who's telling them. It's real for them. So they call the teacher in to help 00:04:09
them read well. So the affective relationship is different. Now the teacher is an ally helping 00:04:15
the children do what they want to do, which is read well. Most of them don't have any 00:04:21
books. The Ministry of Education, as a policy, distributes books to every primary school 00:04:28
children, but these remote places not always get them all and not always keep them all 00:04:35
the time because the conditions of living are not actually very good. And it's the main 00:04:42
textbook for primary school. What we have done is we have loaded reading texts that 00:04:53
will help them learn and practice their reading according to their grade level. We are giving 00:05:03
them the chance to look for a different future. Or the same, but by choice, not by force. 00:05:10
So these children who didn't have any expectations about life, about becoming farmers as their 00:05:20
parents and their parents' parents, now can think about being engineers, designing computers, 00:05:27
being teachers, becoming singers, and whatever they want, as any other child should worldwide. 00:05:33
They are taking the future in their hands, and that's the New York breakthrough. 00:05:41
We weren't the only ones visiting Becerra at the Ministry. Mary Lou Jepson, the former chief 00:05:49
technology officer of One Laptop per Child, stopped in on Becerra's team to check on the 00:05:59
imminent deployment and offer help. She quickly admitted, however, that while she could answer 00:06:05
any technical questions, she didn't have much expertise in Peruvian educational reform. 00:06:10
Congratulations for taking it on. It's such a bold, bold move, and we're here to help 00:06:15
in any way we can. We know it's a hard project, but an important one that we all believe heart 00:06:22
and soul. So you're doing the work. Laptops are easy. Education is hard to transform. 00:06:30
In this warehouse on the edge of Lima, we can see the beginnings of the biggest deployment 00:06:42
to date of the One Laptop per Child vision. Boxes containing 25,000 laptop computers, 00:06:47
the first of some 400,000 that are being loaded with software and prepared for transport to 00:06:53
some of the poorest towns in Peru. But will all these laptops really transform Peru's 00:06:58
destitute rural schools? We sought out Marcia Coth de Paredes, who spent 25 years as executive 00:07:05
director of the Fulbright Scholarships in Peru, many of whose recipients have worked 00:07:12
on Peruvian education projects. I think it's equally innovative. It's going to take some 00:07:16
very intensive teacher training and some activities, I think, with the parents. The children, I 00:07:23
bet they're going to just latch onto it right away. And I expect the parents also to do 00:07:32
a lot with it, because there's a tradition in the Andean areas, in the Andean areas anyway, 00:07:39
the mountainous areas, of community efforts, working together, and also writing, reading, 00:07:46
speaking, drama, poetry, music, doing it together. The reading material that they have needs 00:07:56
to be divided by difficulty. It needs to be analyzed by difficulty, and the teachers 00:08:03
need to be taught which of those materials are useful for what kind of student. There 00:08:10
is going to be a lot on those computers that they can use. There's going to be a lot. Now, 00:08:16
what they need is more material very close to what they need to know, what they want 00:08:23
to know. That's not just games. They need more information about plants. They need more 00:08:29
information about agriculture. They need more information about how to be healthy, that 00:08:35
sort of thing. This is different because it's going to a different type of school. It's 00:08:40
going to a rural school in a very, in the poorest areas of the country. So that's a 00:08:44
hero's effort, and it's going to be very difficult. But I think I'm optimistic about things working 00:08:52
okay. 00:08:59
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Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
One Laptop per Child Initiative
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
469
Fecha:
21 de mayo de 2009 - 12:58
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
One Laptop per Child Foundation
Duración:
09′ 11″
Relación de aspecto:
1.24:1
Resolución:
425x344 píxeles
Tamaño:
17.66 MBytes

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