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L'euro c'est maintenant

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Subido el 2 de julio de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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L'euro c'est maintenant

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The arrival of the Euro constitutes a revolution for European citizens. 00:00:30
It is the crucial step of a journey that, as we have seen, 00:00:54
the European countries have used to achieve an increasingly strong integration, 00:00:58
both politically and economically. 00:01:02
The adoption of the single currency is therefore also the logical consequence 00:01:14
of the process of economic unification of a historical scope 00:01:18
that will offer Europe an extraordinary opportunity for development and growth 00:01:22
by presenting it united against the world and world competition. 00:01:26
Urino will help us understand how the new currency was born, 00:01:35
how it presents itself and how it will be used. 00:01:38
In 1992, the Treaty of Maastricht laid the foundations of the new single currency. 00:01:56
In particular, it set the criteria for convergence, 00:02:08
that is to say the rules that the adhering countries had to respect 00:02:11
for the introduction of the single currency. 00:02:14
The exchange rates of currencies of the different states, 00:02:19
which had been subjected to fluctuations before the birth of the Euro, 00:02:22
one of the criteria for convergence provided that each currency 00:02:25
must have retained its value within the margin 00:02:28
authorized by the European monetary system for at least two years. 00:02:31
Inflation and rising prices continue in a country during a given period. 00:02:43
Another criterion for convergence provided that each country 00:02:48
must have an inflation rate that does not exceed more than 1.5%, 00:02:52
that of the three member states with the lowest inflation rate. 00:02:57
The interest is the remuneration that one perceives when one lends money 00:03:06
or that one pays when one borrows. 00:03:11
The interest rate is the expression of this remuneration in percentage of capital. 00:03:13
Another criterion for convergence concerned the long-term interest rate 00:03:19
that should not exceed more than 2% 00:03:24
the average of the three member states with the lowest inflation rates in the Union. 00:03:27
There is a deficit or public deficit when the expenses of a state exceed its revenues. 00:03:34
GDP is the value of goods and services produced by a state in one year. 00:03:40
Another rule provided that in all states 00:03:47
the ratio between the deficit and GDP should not exceed 3%. 00:03:50
Public debt is the total debt accumulated over the years 00:03:58
by the state towards the outside world and its citizens. 00:04:02
Public debt should not exceed 60% of GDP 00:04:06
unless this debt tends to decrease at a sufficient rate to reach this level. 00:04:11
The respect of these criteria, especially those related to public finance, 00:04:17
has forced many states to introduce a rigorous policy of budgetary austerity. 00:04:22
The criteria of the public deficit have been used in the Pact of Stability and Growth 00:04:27
and should also be respected in the future. 00:04:34
These criteria of convergence should be respected by the countries that, in the future, will want to adopt the euro. 00:04:38
In 1995, the European Council, met in Madrid, decided that the unique currency would be called the euro. 00:04:46
This name was chosen for its simplicity 00:04:55
because it is the same in all official languages of the Union and because it evokes Europe. 00:04:58
The symbol of the new currency was designed by the services of the European Commission. 00:05:04
It is inspired by the letter epsilon of the Greek alphabet 00:05:10
and thus refers to the cradle of European civilizations. 00:05:14
The two parallel horizontal lines symbolize stability. 00:05:24
The quick definition of the distinctive symbol of the euro 00:05:30
reflects in particular its vocation to become one of the main currencies in the world with the dollar and the yen. 00:05:34
In 1998, in Brussels, 11 member states of the European Union, 00:05:45
Germany, Austria, Belgium, Spain, Finland, France, Luxembourg, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and Portugal, 00:05:51
which fulfilled the criteria of convergence set by the Treaty of Maastricht, 00:06:00
entered what was called the euro zone. 00:06:04
On this occasion, the conversion rates of the concerned currencies were irrevocably fixed. 00:06:09
In 2000, Greece, which satisfied only at this time the criteria of convergence, also joined the euro. 00:06:15
The United Kingdom had decided, temporarily, not to join the euro 00:06:23
on the occasion of the signing of the Treaty of Maastricht, 00:06:27
just like Denmark, which, by referendum, decided to delay its adhesion. 00:06:30
Sweden, for its part, does not yet meet the 10 criteria of convergence. 00:06:36
Tickets will be issued in 7 sections. 00:06:41
Each ticket is dedicated to one of the architectural styles 00:06:44
that characterized the 7 eras of the history of the old continent. 00:06:47
Classic art, for the ticket of 5 euros. 00:06:53
Roman art, for that of 10. 00:07:00
Gothic art, for that of 20. 00:07:03
Renaissance art, for that of 50. 00:07:12
Baroque and Rococo art, for that of 100. 00:07:28
Iron and glass architecture, for that of 200. 00:07:34
And modern architecture of the 20th century, for that of 500. 00:07:41
The bridges, represented on the back of all the tickets, are imaginary. 00:07:46
They symbolize the historical and cultural links between the European states. 00:07:50
Tickets in euros will be safer than those currently in circulation. 00:07:56
For their production, special papers containing special fluorescent fibers 00:08:00
and sophisticated printing techniques were used, 00:08:05
which makes counterfeiting particularly difficult. 00:08:08
The fractions of the euro are measured in cents. 00:08:13
100 cents make 1 euro. 00:08:16
There are a total of 8 pieces. 00:08:23
Those of 1, 2 and 5 cents are made of copper, 00:08:26
and they represent Europe on the planisphere. 00:08:30
The pieces of 10, 20 and 50 cents are made of copper, 00:08:40
and they represent Europe on the planisphere. 00:08:44
The pieces of 10, 20 and 50 cents are made of gold, Nordic gold. 00:08:47
Those of 20 cents have an anvil shape. 00:08:51
These three pieces represent Europe as a union of countries. 00:08:56
The pieces of 1 and 2 euros represent the European Union without borders. 00:09:01
More than 12,000 pieces are made of gold, 00:09:10
more than 12 billion tickets and 70 billion pieces 00:09:14
weighing more than 300,000 tons of metal 00:09:17
will be removed from circulation in Europe and replaced. 00:09:20
The pieces have one identical face in all countries, 00:09:27
the other having been chosen by each country. 00:09:30
Naturally, we can all use the French, Spanish or German euros 00:09:34
in all countries of the world. 00:09:38
And this is another aspect that symbolises the links 00:09:40
between the states of the European Union. 00:09:43
The blind will be able to distinguish the pieces 00:09:56
thanks to their size, 00:09:59
and the tickets thanks to the numbers in relief. 00:10:01
The adoption of the European Union 00:10:05
The adoption of a single currency will facilitate 00:10:07
the full implementation of the European single market 00:10:10
and will provide many advantages for citizens and businesses. 00:10:13
The Central European Bank, which will control inflation, 00:10:18
will make the single currency a stable currency 00:10:21
in terms of purchasing power. 00:10:24
Prices will be transparent and easily comparable 00:10:28
as they will be expressed in a single and stable currency 00:10:31
and the purchases will be simplified. 00:10:34
Travel and holidays in Europe will cost less 00:10:39
as we will no longer have to pay the exchange rates. 00:10:42
Economic policy, focused on stability, 00:10:52
will promote a decrease in interest rates 00:10:55
and, therefore, loans will cost less. 00:10:58
Businesses will become more competitive 00:11:04
thanks to the elimination of exchange rates 00:11:07
which disrupt commercial transactions 00:11:10
for the benefit of consumers. 00:11:13
All these elements will contribute in a decisive way 00:11:19
to new investments 00:11:22
and to the creation of new jobs. 00:11:24
On 1 January 1999, 00:11:35
the euro became a reality, 00:11:37
provisionally in a scriptural form. 00:11:40
From that date on, 00:11:43
state titles and stock exchange operations 00:11:45
were libeled in euro in all states 00:11:48
that are part of the euro zone. 00:11:50
However, during this period, 00:11:53
national currencies continued to have legal use 00:11:55
and were normally used at the same time as the new currency. 00:11:58
Indeed, until 31 December 2001, 00:12:05
a period of transition was planned. 00:12:08
By virtue of the rule 00:12:11
of neither obligation nor prohibition, 00:12:13
individuals and businesses 00:12:15
were able to use the euro 00:12:17
in a scriptural form, 00:12:19
for example, in bank accounts. 00:12:21
During this period of transition, 00:12:24
operations in national currencies 00:12:26
or in euro were carried out indifferently. 00:12:29
In any case, many banks 00:12:32
preferred to indicate the euro balance, 00:12:34
even on accounts libeled only in national currency, 00:12:37
to familiarize the public with the new currency. 00:12:40
During the period of transition, 00:12:46
the euro could also be used 00:12:48
in payments by credit card or by cheque. 00:12:50
To pay by bank cheque in euro, 00:12:53
you had to use a cheque book in euro, 00:12:56
easily distinguishable from others. 00:12:59
A rule, which is always good to follow, 00:13:01
is to indicate the two zeros after the comma, 00:13:04
even if the amount to be paid does not include cents. 00:13:07
You will have to write the amount in letters for euros 00:13:11
and, after the bar, in figures for cents. 00:13:15
In short, we must train ourselves 00:13:21
to measure the value of things 00:13:23
with a new unit of account 00:13:25
and to think while counting the cents, 00:13:27
the purchasing power does not change at all. 00:13:29
Another principle relating to the introduction of the euro 00:13:32
is that of the continuity of contracts. 00:13:35
Salaries, pensions and contracts, 00:13:38
such as rental contracts, 00:13:40
loans or insurance, 00:13:42
do not undergo any modification. 00:13:44
For these contracts as well, 00:13:46
the rule of no obligation, 00:13:48
no prohibition is applicable 00:13:50
and, during the period of transition, 00:13:52
their amount could be converted into euros. 00:13:54
The conversion is automatic 00:13:57
from January 1, 2002, 00:13:59
without additional costs. 00:14:01
The conversion rate indicates 00:14:03
the counter-value of the euro 00:14:05
in national currencies 00:14:07
on the basis of the pre-set rates. 00:14:09
When making conversions, 00:14:11
it is necessary to always use 00:14:13
the six figures of the conversion rate 00:14:15
for a stronger reason 00:14:17
when converting large amounts. 00:14:19
To convert euros into French francs, 00:14:22
it is necessary to multiply the amount in euros 00:14:25
by the conversion rate. 00:14:27
Thus, to know how many French francs 00:14:29
represent 10 euros, 00:14:31
it is necessary to multiply 10 by 6.55957, 00:14:33
which gives 65.5957 French francs. 00:14:38
To convert French francs into euros, 00:14:47
it is necessary to divide the amount expressed 00:14:50
in French francs by the conversion rate. 00:14:52
One euro is worth 6.55957 French francs. 00:14:54
To calculate the equivalent in euros 00:14:59
of 1,000 French francs, 00:15:01
it is necessary to divide this figure 00:15:03
by the conversion rate 6.55957, 00:15:05
which gives 152.449 euros. 00:15:09
After making the conversion, 00:15:18
the decimals after the comma 00:15:20
must be rounded 00:15:22
to a maximum of two figures 00:15:24
according to a precise rule. 00:15:26
If the third figure after the comma 00:15:28
is less than 5, 00:15:30
the second figure remains unchanged. 00:15:32
For example, 00:15:34
an amount of 63.374 euros 00:15:36
will be rounded to 63.37 euros. 00:15:39
This is the default rounding. 00:15:43
However, if the third figure is equal 00:15:46
or greater than 5, 00:15:48
the second will be increased by one unit. 00:15:50
For example, 00:15:52
an amount of 76.515 euros 00:15:54
will be rounded to 76.52 euros. 00:15:57
This is the excess rounding. 00:16:01
During the transition period, 00:16:05
the shops that accept the payments 00:16:07
in euros per cheque 00:16:09
or credit cards 00:16:11
display the euro logo 00:16:13
and thus commit to applying 00:16:15
the official conversion rate 00:16:17
and to respect the rounding rules. 00:16:19
At the end of the transition period, 00:16:21
on January 1, 2002, 00:16:23
the national currencies 00:16:25
will open to release 00:16:27
70 billion euros in coins 00:16:29
and 12 billion in banknotes. 00:16:31
To facilitate the introduction, 00:16:33
there will be a brief period 00:16:35
of double conversion 00:16:37
of two months 00:16:39
in all Member States. 00:16:41
During these two months, 00:16:43
banks and merchants 00:16:45
will withdraw their national currencies 00:16:47
and return the currency in euros. 00:16:49
All citizens are invited 00:16:51
to exchange their banknotes 00:16:53
and coins in national currencies 00:16:55
during this period. 00:16:57
After that, 00:16:59
they will only be able to do so 00:17:01
with central banks 00:17:03
during a period 00:17:05
when the euro will become 00:17:07
the currency of all countries 00:17:09
in the euro zone. 00:17:11
In this way, 00:17:13
the euro will significantly 00:17:15
strengthen the sense of belonging 00:17:17
to a common European identity. 00:17:19
We are living a historical moment 00:17:21
of fundamental importance. 00:17:23
The introduction of the euro 00:17:25
constitutes a revolution 00:17:27
that will allow us to better 00:17:29
face new challenges, 00:17:31
prepare for new perspectives 00:17:33
and start a new chapter 00:17:35
in the history of Europe, 00:17:37
the expansion. 00:17:39
Thank you for watching. 00:18:35
Please subscribe to our channel. 00:18:37
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Idioma/s:
fr
Niveles educativos:
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Autor/es:
L'Union Européenne
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
5809
Fecha:
2 de julio de 2007 - 15:03
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
Commission Européenne
Duración:
18′ 54″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
320x240 píxeles
Tamaño:
88.71 MBytes

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