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2º ESO/ IT´S HAGIA SOPHIA - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 27 de septiembre de 2020 por Alicia M.

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They say that if walls could talk, each building would have a story to tell. 00:00:01
But few would tell so many fascinating stories in so many different voices as the Hagia Sophia, 00:00:11
or Holy Wisdom. Perched at the crossroads of continents and cultures, it has seen massive 00:00:17
changes from the name of the city where it stands to its own structure and purpose. And today, 00:00:22
the elements from each era stand ready to tell their tales to any visitor who will listen. 00:00:28
Even before you arrive at the Hagia Sophia, the ancient fortifications hint at the strategic 00:00:33
importance of the surrounding city, founded as Byzantium by Greek colonists in 657 BCE, 00:00:39
and successfully renamed as Augusta Antonia, New Rome, and Constantinople, as it was conquered, 00:00:46
reconquered, destroyed, and rebuilt by various Greek, Persian, and Roman rulers over the 00:00:52
following centuries. And it was within these walls that the first Megale, Ecclesia, or Great Church 00:00:57
was built in the 4th century. Though it was soon burned to the ground in riots, it established the 00:01:04
location for the region's main religious structure for centuries to come. Near the entrance, the 00:01:09
marble stones with reliefs are the last reminders of the second church. Built in 415 CE, it was 00:01:14
destroyed during the Nica riots of 532 when angry crowds at a chariot race nearly overthrew the 00:01:21
Emperor Justinian I. Having barely managed to retain power, he resolved to rebuild the church 00:01:27
on a grander scale, and five years later, the edifice you see before you was completed. 00:01:33
As you step inside, the stones of the foundation and walls murmur tales from their homelands of 00:01:39
Egypt and Syria, while columns taken from the Temple of Artemis recall a more ancient past. 00:01:45
Runic inscriptions carved by the Vikings of the emperor's elite guard carry the lore of distant 00:01:51
northern lands. But your attention is caught by the grand dome representing the heavens. 00:01:56
Reaching over 50 meters high and over 30 meters in diameter and ringed by windows around its base, 00:02:02
the golden dome appears suspended from heaven, light reflecting through its interior. Beneath 00:02:09
its grandiose symbolism, the sturdy reinforcing Corinthian columns brought from Lebanon after the 00:02:15
original dome was partially destroyed by an earthquake in 558 CE, quietly remind you of 00:02:20
its fragility and the engineering skill such a marble requires. If a picture is worth a thousand 00:02:26
words, the mosaics from the next several centuries have the most to say, not only about their biblical 00:02:33
themes, but also the Byzantine emperors who commissioned them, often depicted along with 00:02:39
Christ. But beneath their loud and clear voices, one hears the haunting echoes of the damaged and 00:02:44
missing mosaics and icons, desecrated and looted during the Latin occupation in the Fourth Crusade. 00:02:50
Within the floor, the tomb inscription of Enrico Dandolo, the Venetian ruler who commanded the 00:02:56
campaign, is a stark reminder of those 57 years that Hagia Sophia spent as a Roman Catholic church 00:03:01
before returning to its Orthodox roots upon the Byzantine reconquest. But it would not remain a 00:03:07
church for long. Weakened by the crusades, Constantinople fell to the Ottomans in 1453 00:03:14
and would be known as Istanbul thereafter. After allowing his soldiers three days of pillage, 00:03:19
Sultan Mehmed II entered the building. Though heavily damaged, its grandeur was not lost on 00:03:25
the young sultan who immediately rededicated it to Allah, proclaiming that it would be the new 00:03:30
imperial mosque. The four minarets built over the next century are the most obvious sign of this 00:03:35
era, serving as architectural supports in addition to their religious purpose. 00:03:41
But there are many others. Ornate candle holders relate Suleiman's conquest of Hungary, while giant 00:03:45
calligraphy discs hung from the ceiling remind visitors for the first four caliphs who followed 00:03:51
Muhammad. Though the building you see today still looks like a mosque, it is now a museum, 00:03:56
a decision made in 1935 by Kemal Ataturk, the modernizing first president of Turkey, 00:04:02
following the Ottoman Empire's collapse. 00:04:08
It was this secularization that allowed for removal 00:04:12
of the carpets hiding the marble floor decorations 00:04:14
and the plaster covering the Christian mosaics. 00:04:17
Ongoing restoration work has allowed the multiplicity of voices 00:04:21
in Hagia Sophia's long history to be heard again 00:04:24
after centuries of silence, but conflict remains. 00:04:27
Hidden mosaics cry out from beneath Islamic calligraphy, 00:04:31
valuable pieces of history that cannot be uncovered 00:04:34
without destroying others. 00:04:37
Meanwhile, calls sound from both Muslim and Christian communities 00:04:39
to return the building to its former religious purposes. 00:04:42
The story of the divine wisdom may be far from over, 00:04:45
but one can only hope that the many voices residing there 00:04:49
will be able to tell their part for years to come. 00:04:52
Subido por:
Alicia M.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
134
Fecha:
27 de septiembre de 2020 - 17:45
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES LA SENDA
Duración:
05′ 11″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1920x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
136.95 MBytes

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