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2º ESO/ SPAIN´S POLITICAL SYSTEM - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 9 de mayo de 2021 por Alicia M.

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Good morning, guys! I'm Tamara and I'm going to tell you a little about Spain's political system. 00:00:00

As you know, Spain is a democracy. 00:00:10

This means that citizens can vote for the political party or group of politicians they would like to govern the country. 00:00:14

Many democracies are based on a constitution, a document containing basic laws or principles for a country. 00:00:22

The Spanish constitution guarantees fundamental rights and includes our responsibilities as citizens. 00:00:32

Can you think of any example of rights and responsibilities? 00:00:40

Yes, education and health are rights and taking care of the environment and be kind to animals are some of our responsibilities. 00:00:44

Another right that we have is to vote. 00:00:58

Elections are a fundamental part of a democracy. 00:01:02

They allow people to choose who will represent them in government. 00:01:06

In Spain, every citizen over the age of 18 can vote. 00:01:10

Once the date of an election is decided, political parties choose their candidates and organize an election campaign. 00:01:17

The percentage of people who vote is called turnout and it can vary. 00:01:26

When you get older, don't forget to vote. 00:01:35

It's a right, but it's also a responsibility 00:01:37

Do you know that the Constitution establishes the separation of powers? 00:01:42

Different powers are exercised by three different parts or branches of government 00:01:50

Can you think of why the legislative branch can be divided in the parliament? 00:01:56

It makes the laws, approves the government's budget and monitors the government's activity, and it is divided into two chambers. 00:02:05

The Congress, where proposed laws are introduced, debated and passed, and the Senate, which approves, amends or rejects laws passed by the Congress. 00:02:14

The judicial power is exercised by the judiciary. 00:02:30

This is made up of judges and magistrates who administer justice in courts and tribunals. 00:02:34

The judiciary is responsible for interpreting laws, deciding when a law has been broken and imposing punishment. 00:02:42

The Constitution ensures that judges are impartial and also independent. 00:02:54

What about the executive branch? 00:03:09

The executive power is exercised by the national government, which implements the law and is responsible for domestic and foreign policy, also for civil and military administration and defense. 00:03:11

The government consists of the prime minister and ministers. 00:03:29

The prime minister is the head of the government. 00:03:35

Do you know who is the prime minister of Spain nowadays? 00:03:38

I'm sure you've seen him on the TV recently because of the COVID situation. 00:03:44

It is Pedro Sánchez. 00:03:52

When countries organize, they have three ways to form a government. 00:03:55

First, an absolute majority. 00:04:00

It's when a party has more deputies than all the other parties added together. 00:04:02

Second, a coalition government, is when two or more parties formally agree to form a government 00:04:08

together. 00:04:15

And third, a minority government, is when a party forms a government without an absolute 00:04:16

majority. 00:04:22