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MIGRATION

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Subido el 27 de abril de 2020 por David S.

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Hello everyone, we are going to continue with the online lessons and with the unit 8 00:00:00
and this is the moment for the new topic that is migration 00:00:06
that you can find on the book on the pages 138 and 39 00:00:10
in the book the information is ok, you have some definitions here 00:00:16
the factors why people migrate in this section 00:00:22
the different types of migration here 00:00:26
and then the consequences that can be either positive or negative for the 00:00:29
countries of origin and arrival I'm going to summarize all of this with my 00:00:33
presentation so to begin with normally in class I make some questions that is 00:00:37
why do you think people migrate and then if you think immigration is positive or 00:00:46
negative we made if you remember a little debate in class but basically the 00:00:51
basic reason is that people are going to move from one place to another basically 00:00:57
because they have better expectations okay that is what you can see in the 00:01:02
picture but first of all we have to start saying what is migration that is 00:01:08
basically a movement of people from one place to another with the purpose of 00:01:13
remaining for a long period of time and they will have to know the 00:01:18
difference between two different concepts immigration immigrants 00:01:24
immigrants that is the people that came to live in a place from another country 00:01:28
and immigrants immigrants that are the people who leave the country to go and 00:01:34
live in another place for example when I immigrated to Ireland like seven years 00:01:38
ago I was an immigrant in Ireland but I was an Spanish immigrant the net 00:01:44
migration rate is going to be the statistic or the data that we are going 00:01:52
to obtain by knowing the difference between immigrants and immigrants so we 00:01:57
take the number of immigrants we subtract the number of immigrants and we 00:02:03
will have the net migration rate to know if the country is receiving more people 00:02:08
or more people are leaving the country why do people normally migrate there are 00:02:12
different types of reasons for example there are social reasons that is 00:02:18
basically to have a better quality of life or maybe because a member of the 00:02:22
family moved to another country and the rest of the family continue as you can 00:02:26
see in the picture there are also economic reasons that are one of the 00:02:32
most important because some countries have better economic perspectives more 00:02:38
job opportunities or better working or living conditions for example when i went to ireland 00:02:43
it was because in spain had an economic crisis and it was very difficult to find a job in spain 00:02:49
but in ireland it was easier many people also suffer from really bad working conditions 00:02:55
in some countries and they prefer to move to countries in which they can have a better quality 00:03:02
of life then we have also environmental reasons or causes that can be disasters 00:03:07
for example droughts, sequias, floods, inundaciones, bad harvests or maybe they 00:03:15
are looking for better climates basically all of this can cause lack of 00:03:21
food and if they don't have food they are hungry and if they are hungry they 00:03:27
need to move looking for food and finally one of the main reasons nowadays 00:03:31
also is political or religious reasons basically we have we are going to have 00:03:36
people running away from wars from the persecution of ethnic minorities for 00:03:43
example the war of Syria is one of the most famous nowadays because a lot of 00:03:49
refugees are leaving their country trying to find peace in other places 00:03:55
most of them want to come to Europe and that's why we are going to speak about 00:04:02
this a little bit later as well among the political reasons there can be also 00:04:08
people that run away from dictatorship that don't want to live in a 00:04:14
dictatorship like it happened in Spain like 50 years ago many people were 00:04:18
exiled or went to exile to countries that were 00:04:26
democratic like Mexico or France so let's continue in this map what you have 00:04:31
is some movements or migrations that happen from Africa to the rest of the 00:04:41
planet and this map is really funny because what is telling us is that all 00:04:50
All humans are immigrants from Africa because this is a map from the prehistory when our 00:04:58
ancestors that just studied last year on first grade started to migrate in Africa, then they 00:05:02
went to Asia and Europe and finally they crossed to America as well. 00:05:08
This is a link to a video that talks about migration that I will recommend in the lesson. 00:05:13
Then we can also see that migrations have been completely different in time, for example 00:05:23
in the 16th century most of the people that migrated were europeans that tried to find a 00:05:31
better life in new places that were discovered for example since the discovery of america 00:05:38
by columbus many europeans fled to the new continent america to north america and south 00:05:43
america as you can see with these arrows and many europeans also went to some new colonies 00:05:52
like Australia New Zealand colonies in Africa and so on the Russians when they 00:05:58
conquered Siberia they also migrated there and there were also non-european 00:06:03
migrations for example from Africa to America many slaves were forced by the 00:06:09
Europeans to go there to live there then also we have Indians and Chinese 00:06:15
population that migrated but the reason for that was that there was so many 00:06:22
people there that they wanted or they moved to other places to have a better life. 00:06:27
Nowadays do you think the map would look similar? It's the opposite. Most of the 00:06:33
people migrate now but not to new continents. They are migrating to the most 00:06:39
developed areas so the main reasons for these people to move is because they 00:06:45
they are looking for democratic states to live because they will have the 00:06:50
opportunity to run away from the wars and the dictatorship of their native 00:06:56
nations and also to countries that are developed economically so they have they 00:07:02
can provide more job opportunities better salaries and so on as you can see 00:07:09
in the green color we have the countries that receive most of the migrants and in 00:07:13
In orange, countries that are providing people or that have a lot of emigration to other 00:07:19
places. 00:07:28
Basically we have migrations from South America to the US and to Spain, migrations from the 00:07:30
north of Africa to Europe, then there is people also going to South Africa and some people 00:07:36
going to developed countries like Australia, South Korea and so on. 00:07:41
in this last map what you can see is the net migration rate in the world so if the net 00:07:48
migration is positive for the countries that are in blue there is more people that enters in the 00:07:56
country that people than lives so the population increase in the case of the negative net migration 00:08:02
for the countries that are in red there is more people leaving the country than entering the 00:08:10
countries of these countries these nations are losing population and in 00:08:15
green you have an immigration grade that is more or less balanced now we can see 00:08:20
that the migrations are different depending on the situation of people 00:08:27
there are different duration depending on the time different character and also 00:08:31
there are differences in the space in which the people move so for example 00:08:37
There are permanent migrations for the people that are permanently moving to one place or another. 00:08:42
For example, the nomads that just started last year at the school were migrating constantly. 00:08:50
There are also definitive migrations for people that move to a place and never come back to their country. 00:09:00
And there are also temporary or seasonal migrations. 00:09:07
For example, Romanian people that came to Spain for the grape harvesting in September 00:09:10
and sometimes they go back to their country when they have work in Spain for that short period of time. 00:09:15
That will be temporary or seasonal. 00:09:22
That is, they come for a short period of time to work and they return to their country. 00:09:24
Also, the character can be different. 00:09:30
For example, there is migrations that are voluntary, 00:09:32
which means that people move because they want to and also people that are forced to move so forced 00:09:35
migration especially for refugees or asylum seeker. Gente que busca asilo quiere decir personas que 00:09:44
son perseguidas en su país y piden a algún gobierno democrático que les conceda asilo 00:09:52
político para que les proteja porque si no su vida estaría en peligro. Finally regarding the 00:09:58
space we are going to have international migrations but also internal migrations 00:10:05
because there are movements from for example from people from the UK Romania 00:10:11
Italy or Morocco to Spain that will be international but also there are 00:10:18
internal movements of migration in Spain that we call rural Exodus exodus rural 00:10:22
the people that leave the countryside to live in the cities for example many 00:10:28
people from Castilla-La Mancha or from Castilla y León that moved in the past to Madrid, 00:10:32
for example, or also to Catalonia, to the Basque Country. 00:10:42
In this map of the Spanish migrations along the 20th century what you can see is that 00:10:48
the Basque Country, El País Vasco, Catalonia, Valencia and Madrid were the autonomous communities 00:10:52
that received more population and then you can see in yellow especially castilla la mancha 00:10:58
extremadura castilla leon and andalucía the countries from which all these people move to 00:11:04
other places okay and normally i like to make a question in class that is how many of your 00:11:10
grandparents are from aranjuez so i'd like you to think about that because um most of the population 00:11:18
that live in Madrid and also in Leganés, Getafe, Valdemoro or Aranjuez are not originally from 00:11:25
here many of them were migrants in the past so this can make us think a little bit we are 00:11:33
we maybe we are not migrants now but many people were migrants well I'm a migrant myself because 00:11:39
I don't I am not from Aranjuez okay another thing that I find interesting and it's not in your book 00:11:46
is that we need to know also which is the most common country of origin 00:11:57
of foreign-born population, that is, what is the origin of the majority of the foreign population 00:12:04
in each country and this is a map of Europe in which you can see that information in Spain 00:12:11
obviously is Morocco because Morocco is very close to Spain but for example in Italy most 00:12:16
Most of the people are from Romania, in Germany from Poland, in Russia from Ukraine, in Great 00:12:21
Britain from India because it was a colony, and so on. 00:12:29
You can see that there are a lot of differences depending on the European country. 00:12:34
In Spain, most of the people, more than half a million, came from Morocco, there is also 00:12:39
more than half a million that are from Romania, and then we have people from the UK, Italy, 00:12:45
china and so on okay you can see that there are a lot of migrants from different places in spain 00:12:51
and as you can see not everything is like you can see in the social media because there are a lot of 00:12:58
people that are from europe as well like british italians germans french portuguese and so on 00:13:04
Finally, I'd like you to take a look to this table that compares the benefits and the problems caused by migration by the countries of arrival and the countries of origin. 00:13:13
For example, for the countries of arrival, like Spain, it's positive because normally migrants are young people and they increase the birth rate. 00:13:29
That is to say, they have more children and so the population pyramid is renewed, which, as you saw the other day, was getting older. 00:13:39
These people, the migrants, also pay a lot of taxes and contribute to economic growth. 00:13:47
That is to say, the economy is going to improve thanks to them because they work, pay taxes and in this way they can provide more services, 00:13:52
such as health care or schools or security. 00:14:00
more consumers more people mean that we can make more products to sell es decir si hay 00:14:05
más consumidores aunque vengan de fuera quiere decir que vamos a conseguir también que se 00:14:11
produzca más y haya más empleo porque esa gente también va a comprar nuestros productos and there 00:14:17
is also cultural diversity which can be also positive because we can learn from different 00:14:22
cultures problems in the countries of arrival the integration of people basically these people 00:14:27
normally live in similar neighborhoods because they are poor and they don't have money to live 00:14:35
in other places and this is going to cause racism and racism xenophobia and marginalization 00:14:41
You have probably seen this many times in your short life and you still have a lot to see. 00:14:49
And there is also an increase of cost of social services, but as I told you, this is not really important because if they are paying taxes, they are paying for these social services. 00:14:58
Then, in the countries of origin, the benefit is that there is less political, social and 00:15:10
economic pressure. 00:15:18
¿Qué quiere decir esto? 00:15:19
Que es un poco complicado. 00:15:20
Pues quiere decir que si un país tiene problemas, lo normal es que esta población, si no encontrara 00:15:22
una vía de escape, hicieran una revuelta, una revolución contra el gobierno para mejorar 00:15:29
las condiciones de vida que tienen en su país. 00:15:34
embargo si abandonan su país para irse a otro en el país de origen toda esta 00:15:37
gente que podría estar protestando ya no está se ha marchado 00:15:43
then there is less unemployment es decir baja en la tasa de desempleo el paro 00:15:47
porque estos desempleados se han ido a otro país and they also persist money from other 00:15:52
countries muchas de las personas que viajan a otro país para trabajar envían 00:15:58
dinero a sus familias y esto a los países de origen les viene muy bien en 00:16:04
españa en los años 60 esto ocurrió es decir hace unos 00:16:08
hace ya más de 60 años muchos españoles se fueron a trabajar a francia a 00:16:15
dinamarca noruega alemania y enviaban dinero a sus familias y gracias a eso la 00:16:22
economía española mejoró bastante which are the problems in these 00:16:27
countries? ¿Cuáles son los problemas? There are less young adults, so they lost working 00:16:32
power, es decir, como la mayoría de la gente que se marcha son jóvenes, que son la gente 00:16:37
que normalmente trabaja, pues pierden a esta población que se ha marchado. The imbalance 00:16:42
between sex groups, esto es porque la mayoría de la gente que se marcha son hombres, por 00:16:47
lo tanto va a haber más mujeres que hombres en el país, y esto puede causar un problema 00:16:53
demográfico. And there is also a loss of qualified population. La mayoría de la gente que se marcha 00:16:58
es gente que tiene recursos y que tiene la facilidad para poder irse. Los más pobres no 00:17:04
pueden irse del país. Por lo tanto, muchas veces la gente que deja los países es gente con estudios. 00:17:11
Yo, muchos de los inmigrantes que he conocido a lo largo de mi vida han venido a España ya con 00:17:17
alguna carrera cuando en españa llegó la crisis en 2007 mucha gente con carrera universitaria 00:17:23
sobre todo científicos se marcharon a países como alemania entonces españa que gastó mucho 00:17:31
dinero en la formación de estos jóvenes ha perdido la inversión porque la están dando en los países 00:17:37
que los reciben como por ejemplo como por ejemplo alemania irlanda o gran bretaña final in my 00:17:43
presentation what you have is a series of slides that I normally use for 00:17:55
debating in class like this one about the Spanish migration there were illegal 00:18:00
immigrants from Spain in the past for example in which we compare these 00:18:06
population pyramids we speak also about the journey these people the migrants 00:18:10
from Africa have to take through the Sahara Desert to cross the street of 00:18:15
Gibraltar or crossing to the Canary Islands using these cayucos, pateras or lanchas. 00:18:20
Also we speak about the conditions in which they arrive, the fence of Melilla or Ceuta in which 00:18:28
many of them are stopped by the national police. Also they welcome that some racist people are 00:18:35
giving this these people that came from other countries looking for a better 00:18:43
life some jokes that normally I need to explain like why do you think people say 00:18:49
that the immigrants steal our jobs and they also say that they are lazy and 00:18:56
they don't work that's very stupid no for example and also we speak about the 00:19:00
working conditions or living conditions they have when they arrive which are 00:19:09
normally terrible and finally normally we speak also about the refugee crisis 00:19:13
that in the media is not normally it was in the past something that we could hear 00:19:19
about all the time and even though these refugees are in the borders here in this 00:19:29
area of Hungary Greece Turkey and so on we don't have any news about them they 00:19:36
are just dying of hunger, starvation, cold, diseases and so on. Imagine what has to 00:19:42
be the life of all these people that are running away from wars in Afghanistan, 00:19:48
Syria, in Eritrea or Somalia that are trying to find a better life in Europe 00:19:52
and when they arrive they have to do it illegally, when they are escaping from 00:19:57
wars they have to be living in concentration camps like these ones or 00:20:02
refugee camps as some people say and they are prevented to advance into 00:20:08
freedom basically normally I like to debate about all of this in class but 00:20:14
without the classes is going to be impossible but if we have time in the 00:20:19
video conference of this Wednesday maybe we can take some time to speak about all 00:20:25
of these if we are done with the doubts you have about the unit in the aula 00:20:30
virtual I'm going to tell you the activities that you have to do that are 00:20:38
basically all of these ones if you have any questions that can't wait for 00:20:41
Wednesday video conference and you can as always write to me bye bye 00:20:46
Autor/es:
David Sánchez García
Subido por:
David S.
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
13
Fecha:
27 de abril de 2020 - 19:13
Visibilidad:
Clave
Centro:
IES ALPAJÉS
Duración:
20′ 55″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1920x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
340.05 MBytes

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