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EV 2ESO - 13 Human Rights - Contenido educativo
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Where do our human rights come from?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was established in 1948 by the United Nations.
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This means that all the countries in the world accepted to write on a paper which are our basic fundamental rights.
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How many rights have we got?
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In the Universal Declaration there are 30 rights and if you are interested in getting to know them
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invite you to go to the internet and visit a wonderful website called Youth for Human Rights
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or in Spanish Juventud por los Derechos Humanos in which you will find 30 wonderful videos explaining
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all of your individual rights. Now human rights have very special characteristics that you should
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know. They are universal, imprescriptible and inalienable. They are universal because they apply
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to everybody regardless of our differences they are imprescriptible because they never expire
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no matter how old you are or what you do and they are inalienable because nobody can take them away
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from you or ignore you and because you cannot give them away you cannot say you don't want your
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rights because they intrinsically belong to you now why do we have rights that is a difficult
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philosophical question about the foundations of rights there are
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different theories to explain this one of them is the conventionalist theory
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according to conventionalists we have rights because we decided to do that
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this means that rights come from an agreement so when people decided to
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write our articles in a paper that's why we have rights it's sort of a pact or an
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agreement made by people this is for example the theory that sophists
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defended they as you know were also relativists they thought different
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countries and different times have different norms and rules so human
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rights for them would be only the result of an agreement. This means that if we have the way to
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find a different agreement, our rights could change. According to the conventionalist theory,
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we could change our rights if we agree to modify them in the future. Now, there is a different
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theory, an opposed interpretation of human rights, which is called the theory of natural law.
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According to the natural law theory, rights are in our human nature.
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It means that they belong to everybody, everywhere, no matter where or when you live.
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So, human rights are natural. They are part of our way of being.
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They form our human essence and we cannot change them because they are in the nature of things.
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John Locke, for example, who was a philosopher who lived in the 17th century, defended the theory of natural law.
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For him, the right to freedom, life and private property are basic rights that belong to us by nature.
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There is a very important thing that you should know about human rights.
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They are not all equal. They can be classified.
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actually they can be classified in two different ways so we'll go step by step
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the first classification of human rights divides them according to which value
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they are trying to protect civil rights protect our freedom civil rights are the
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things that nobody can do to you because if they do that to you you're not free
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no one can do these things not even the government not even the state not even
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the police some basic civil rights are the right to life meaning that nobody
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can kill you the right not to be tortured or not to be sent to prison
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without our fair reason the right to a fair trial the right not to be tortured
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the right to free expression or to free thought a second group of rights is the
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political rights political rights protect our participation in society for
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example voting the right to vote or the right to participate in a demonstration
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in a public assembly are example of political rights the third type of
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rights are social and economic rights socio-economic rights protect our
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equality because these are things that the state must give you for free for
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example education or health protection or Social Security including help for
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unemployed people that lost their jobs all these things must be given to the
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people by the government for free because if not we are not equal think
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what would happen if you had to pay in order to go to school only rich people
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would have the opportunity to have an education and that would break equality in society.
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And the fourth and last group of rights is the solidarity group. Solidarity rights are
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collective rights that apply to peoples not to individuals and one of them for example is the
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right to live in a peaceful world, the right to improve the situation of poor countries,
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the right to development so that all societies in the world can share a common welfare but as
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i told you before there is another way to classify human rights according to when they were established
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and acknowledged by the legislation according to this classification human rights are divided in
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generations first generation of human rights which includes civil and political rights are the first
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rights that were included in the law these rights were approved in the 18th century after the
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american and french revolutions you know the revolutionaries decided that people had to stop
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being subjects and they had to begin being citizens this meant that there was the necessity
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to establish limits to what the government could do to people those are civil rights and that we
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we should grant everybody's participation in society,
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and those are political rights.
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The second generation was established
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in the 19th and 20th century,
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and it includes social and economic rights.
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It took time to pass these rights in the legislation
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because, as you know, these rights imply money.
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The government has to pay to ensure
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that everybody has a free education
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or free health protection.
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So it was hard to force the government to pass these rights.
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The third generation of human rights includes solidarity rights,
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like the right to peace or the right to development of poor countries.
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And they were only approved at the end of the 20th century.
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Now, you might think if there are more rights than these 30 human rights,
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including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
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Well, some people think there are, and for example, they are planning to develop a fourth
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generation of human rights, including new things such as, for example, the right to
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access the internet, which is basic in a modern world like our current world.
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- Idioma/s:
- Autor/es:
- César Prestel
- Subido por:
- César Pedro P.
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial - Compartir igual
- Visualizaciones:
- 73
- Fecha:
- 22 de octubre de 2020 - 17:41
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES CERVANTES
- Duración:
- 07′ 58″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1280x720 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 463.32 MBytes
