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European Fisheries: A stategry for eliminating discards

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Subido el 9 de agosto de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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On 28 March, the European Commission published a report outlining its strategy to bring the number of rejected fish or ‘discards’ – which represent a terrible waste of resources – down to minimum levels. This report proposes a number of ideas, including introducing better equipment and methods by the fisheries sector.

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In Europe, fishing is generally quite targeted. Fishermen know what they want to catch and 00:00:00
use the appropriate methods and techniques. Despite this, when they bring in their nets, 00:00:11
they often find other fish and marine organisms mixed up with the target species. This is 00:00:17
what's called the bycatch. Everything in the net has to be sorted and only the fish that 00:00:22
can be sold are kept. The rest are returned to the sea, where they stand little chance 00:00:27
of surviving after the shock of being hauled to the surface. These are what are called 00:00:31
discards. Depending on the area the fishermen are operating in and the kind of gear they're 00:00:35
using, discards can make up 10 to 60 percent of the catch and sometimes more. This represents 00:00:41
an unacceptable waste of resources at a time when many fish stocks have been depleted by 00:00:47
intensive exploitation. The problem of discards has attracted the attention of many European 00:00:51
scientists, including those who work at this institute in the UK. There are two main reasons 00:00:57
why fishermen throw fish away. The prime reason is that there's no market value, nobody wants 00:01:02
to eat them, nobody wants to buy them, at least locally. The other reason are legislative 00:01:08
reasons and that may be things like the fisherman doesn't have a quota for that particular species 00:01:14
or he's run out of quota. The catch may also include young fish which can't be sold. Bycatches 00:01:19
and the resulting discards also influence the marine environment. They can alter the 00:01:27
food chain of certain species and thus have an impact on the ecosystem. They can also 00:01:32
represent a threat to a number of mammals and marine organisms which are already endangered. 00:01:36
Discards are also a cause for concern to the European Union. That's why the Commission 00:01:42
has just published a strategy to phase out this practice, outlining a number of ways 00:01:46
in which discards might be reduced and, over time, eliminated altogether. In my view, discards 00:01:50
are wrong because they amount to a waste of a very precious resource. We need to examine 00:01:58
the way we have been doing things so far in order to work out a system whereby we do not 00:02:06
continue dumping fish back into the sea and I am convinced that a discards ban will be 00:02:12
beneficial to fish stocks, to the marine environment and to the fishing industry itself. Because 00:02:20
it is possible to reduce discards by using more selective fishing gear, for example. 00:02:28
Normally toad gear's trawls are made from diamond-shaped mesh such as this. When they're 00:02:34
under tension, when they're being towed through the water and when fish start to accumulate 00:02:40
in the rear part, the mesh starts to close like we see here and small fish inside the 00:02:43
trawl are captured. Unwanted small fish find it very difficult to escape in these circumstances. 00:02:48
By simply altering the geometric shape and the geometry, the different rigging of the 00:02:53
trawl, using the same mesh, exactly the same mesh, we can make these much bigger openings 00:02:58
which allow juvenile fish to escape. Simply changing to a square mesh pattern can already 00:03:02
make things better and there are other devices. Selective grids, for example, which can provide 00:03:09
a solution to more complex problems. 00:03:14
Time for a practical demonstration. Here in Brittany, fishing for longustine, better known 00:03:17
as scampi, is a major activity. However, this fishery suffers from a high discarding rate, 00:03:21
often as much as 50% of the catch. The problem that the fishermen and the scientists from 00:03:27
Ypres Mer had to overcome was how to avoid catching undersized longustine as well as 00:03:31
small fish, such as young hake. Previously, the only solution found was to enlarge the 00:03:37
mesh size so as to allow them to escape. 00:03:41
And that's where the problem lies. If we'd gone to a 100mm mesh in the Bay of Biscay, 00:03:46
we would have stopped catching longustine. 00:03:50
Of course, we'd still have a problem. 00:03:53
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Idioma/s:
en
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
      • Nivel Intermedio
Autor/es:
The European Union
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
757
Fecha:
9 de agosto de 2007 - 9:54
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
European Commission
Duración:
03′ 54″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
448x336 píxeles
Tamaño:
20.10 MBytes

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