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2º ESO/OVERPOPULATION - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 10 de abril de 2021 por Alicia M.

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Never before in history have there been so many people on Earth as right now. 00:00:00
Our numbers have skyrocketed from 1 billion in 1800 to 2.3 billion in 1940, 00:00:06
3.7 billion in 1970 and 7.4 billion in 2016. 00:00:13
The world population increased fourfold in the last century, 00:00:20
so what can we expect for the next century? 00:00:24
And what does population growth mean for our future? 00:00:26
Will there be mass migration, overcrowded slums in megacities covering continents, diseases and pollution, chaos and violence over energy, water and food, and a human species focused only on sustaining itself? 00:00:30
Will population growth destroy our way of life, or is this prophecy just ungrounded panic? 00:00:46
In the 1960s, population growth reached an unprecedented rate, which led to apocalyptic prophecies. 00:00:53
The poor would procreate endlessly and overrun the developed world. 00:01:11
The legend of overpopulation was born. 00:01:16
But it turns out high birth rates and the population explosion are not permanent features of some cultures or countries, 00:01:19
but rather part of a four-step process the whole world is going through, the demographic transition. 00:01:26
Most developed countries have already made the transition, while other countries are doing it right now. 00:01:32
Let's go back to the 18th century, when the entire world, including Europe, was in the first stage of the demographic transition. 00:01:38
By today's standards, Europe was worse off than a developing region, suffering from poor sanitation, poor diets and poor medicine. 00:01:45
A lot of people were born, but lots of them died just as fast, so the population hardly grew. 00:01:54
Women had between four and six children, but only two of them would reach adulthood. 00:02:00
Then the Industrial Revolution happened in the UK 00:02:06
and brought the greatest change in human living conditions since the Agricultural Revolution. 00:02:08
People went from being peasants to workers. 00:02:14
Manufactured goods were mass-produced and became widely available. 00:02:18
The sciences flourished and advanced transportation, communication and medicine. 00:02:22
The role of women in society shifted and created the conditions for their emancipation. 00:02:28
Slowly, this economic progress not only formed a middle class, 00:02:34
but also raised standards of living and healthcare for the poor working population. 00:02:38
The second transition stage started. 00:02:42
Better food supplies, hygiene and medicine meant people stopped dying all the time, 00:02:45
especially so at a very young age. 00:02:50
The result was a population explosion, doubling the UK's population between 1750 and 1850. 00:02:52
The main reason families used to have lots of children was that only a few of them were likely to survive. 00:03:00
Now that had changed, so the third stage of the transition was set in motion, 00:03:05
fewer babies were conceived, and population growth slowed down. 00:03:10
Eventually, a balance emerged. 00:03:15
Fewer people were dying and fewer children were born, so the death rate and birth rate became stable. 00:03:16
Britain had reached the fourth stage of the demographic transition. 00:03:22
This didn't only happen in the UK. More and more countries went through the four stages. 00:03:26
First, many births and many deaths due to bad living conditions. 00:03:32
Second, better living conditions leading to fewer deaths and a population explosion. 00:03:36
Third, fewer deaths resulting in fewer births and population growth came to an end. 00:03:41
But if birth rates have dropped so much, why is the population still growing so fast? 00:03:47
Well, the children born in the population explosion of the 70s and 80s are having kids themselves now, 00:03:53
leading to a noticeable spike in overall population. 00:03:58
But they are having far fewer children on average than their parents. 00:04:01
The average today is 2.5. It was 5 40 years ago. 00:04:05
So as this generation gets older and fertility declines further, the rate of population growth will keep on slowing. 00:04:10
This is true for every country. In the West, we tend to overlook progress in other regions of the world. 00:04:17
But actually, most of the world's countries have made it to the fourth stage. 00:04:23
Just look at Bangladesh. In 1971, the average woman had 7 kids, but 25% of them would die before the age of 5. 00:04:27
In 2015, the mortality rate was down to 3.8% and women had only 2.2 kids on average. 00:04:35
This is the rule, not an exception. 00:04:43
We're not special. We just had a head start. 00:04:46
It took developed countries about 80 years to reduce fertility from more than six children to less than three. 00:04:48
Others are catching up fast. 00:04:55
Malaysia and South Africa did it in only 34 years. 00:04:57
Bangladesh took just 20. 00:05:00
Iran managed it in 10 years. 00:05:02
All these countries that are catching up didn't have to start from scratch, 00:05:04
and the more support they get, the faster they catch up. 00:05:08
This is why programs that help lower child mortality or help poor nations develop are so important. 00:05:11
No matter what your motivation is, whether you dream of a world where all people live in freedom and wealth, 00:05:17
or you just want fewer refugees coming to your country, 00:05:22
the simple truth is that it's beneficial to you personally if people on the other side of the globe can live a good life. 00:05:25
And we are getting there. The percentage of people living in extreme poverty has never been as low as today. 00:05:32
So the future of global population growth is actually not an apocalyptic prophecy at all. 00:05:39
It's a promise. Population growth will come to an end. 00:05:45
The UN forecasts that the 12th billionth human will never be born at all. 00:05:49
And as the development level of the world rises, the number of people with a higher education will increase tenfold. 00:05:54
Countries who used to be in need will help advance development instead. 00:06:02
more people is going to mean more people able to advance our species 00:06:07
this video was a collaboration with max rosa and our world in data 00:06:14
where he explores the progress of humanity through research and data visualization 00:06:18
make sure to check it out in 2016 we were able to make more and better content than ever before 00:06:23
because of your support on patreon.com thank you so much and we'll be back in the year 12 017. 00:06:29
Subido por:
Alicia M.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
152
Fecha:
10 de abril de 2021 - 17:37
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES LA SENDA
Duración:
06′ 39″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
640x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
19.36 MBytes

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