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Destination Tomorrow - DT9 - Smart Probe
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NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment exploring how NASA scientists are using space technology to fight cancer by using a new device called a Smart Probe.
All of us know or have known someone with cancer.
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In fact, one in three Americans can expect to be diagnosed
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with some form of the disease at one point in their life.
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A key to treating and defeating this insidious disease
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is to find it quickly before it spreads.
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Now, thanks to enterprising work done by researchers at NASA,
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doctors may soon have a new device called the smart probe,
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which will be able to detect some forms of cancer instantaneously,
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greatly improving the patient's chance for survival.
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Tonya St. Romain finds out more.
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Breast cancer is one of the most frightening and deadly forms of cancer,
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afflicting over 200,000 women every year.
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Early detection of the disease has helped many women find and treat the cancer quickly,
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but early detection technology is still not as good as it could be.
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To help improve the early detection of breast cancer,
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researchers at NASA have developed a revolutionary technology called the smart probe.
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This probe will be able to detect the presence of cancer
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much more precisely than current technology.
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Intended for long-duration space missions,
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this device could soon be saving lives here on Earth.
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I spoke with Dr. Robert Ma at NASA Ames Research Center to find out more.
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At this point, when a woman suspects a lump in her breast,
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she would go in to see a physician.
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The physician would examine and then decide whether to have a mammogram made of the lump.
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And from the mammogram, you could tell whether it may be malignant or not.
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If it is suspected to be, they would then go in for a biopsy.
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They normally go in using an ultrasound to guide a biopsy needle
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and go in there and extract samples of the lump.
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And that tissue sample gets analyzed by a pathologist.
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And that could take days in some cases.
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If it is malignant or cancerous, they have to go in there
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and take out as much as they possibly can.
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Every week in the United States, approximately 16,000 women
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needlessly undergo surgical breast biopsies where no cancer is found at all,
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while another 4,600 breast cancers are missed each week
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during physician review of mammograms and physical examinations.
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This is primarily due to the fact that initial breast cancer screening procedures
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do not provide specific information about known cancer indicators.
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For example, a light spot on a mammogram X-ray can be many things other than cancer,
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leading to a missed or inaccurate diagnosis.
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The new NASA Smart Probe is designed to see a suspicious lump in a breast,
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determine by its features if it is indeed cancerous,
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and ultimately predict how the disease may progress.
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The process of diagnosis begins when a small needle,
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which is mounted on the probe, is inserted into the lump.
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The probe is able to detect if the lump is cancerous or benign instantaneously,
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providing real-time, detailed interpretations at the needle's tip,
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supplying an accurate diagnosis in seconds rather than days.
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What's behind this technology is the software.
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The software that we develop learns like people do.
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It learns from experience.
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So when we stick the probe into different types of tissue,
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we teach the software that those characteristics are certain types of tissue,
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normal tissue or whether it's, say, normal muscle or normal fat tissue,
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cancerous or different types of cancer.
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If it is cancerous, instead of having to remove tissue around the tumor
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with a very wide margin, you could take less tissue out
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and you'd be more certain that you're not leaving behind malignant tissue there.
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So what you get here is confidence level as to what kind of tissue that the probe is seeing.
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How did NASA get involved in breast cancer research?
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It was clear that to put man on Mars and have him survive for three years,
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you need to provide him with smart tools for many different tests.
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Handling medical emergencies is one of those.
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So that's where we started to work in that direction.
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In preparation for a three-year-long mission to Mars,
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NASA planners have begun to develop smart medical robotics.
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These robots will be able to assist an astronaut physician in performing medical procedures
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if a problem occurs during a mission.
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With Mars being over 30 million miles away,
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this is particularly important because a transmission to Earth would take 20 minutes,
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further endangering the stricken crew member when every second counts.
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How else might this technology be used here on Earth?
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This technology has great potential.
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It could be used for spinal surgery.
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It could be used for prostate cancer detection.
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It could be used for brain surgery and just surgery in general
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where you want to minimize injury to critical targets.
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Dr. Ma, what are your overall hopes for the smart probe?
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I'm very excited about this technology
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because what we're developing in space can be applied for Earth use.
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I think a tool like this, the technology behind it,
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would revolutionize how medical practices will be carried out
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to be able to provide real-time diagnosis
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for virtually any kinds of medical problems they may have.
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So for me personally, it's very rewarding to see the potential that it saves people's lives
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or even minimize risk to hundreds and thousands of people.
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That's really rewarding.
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- Idioma/s:
- Niveles educativos:
- ▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
- Nivel Intermedio
- Autor/es:
- NASA LaRC Office of Education
- Subido por:
- EducaMadrid
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
- Visualizaciones:
- 359
- Fecha:
- 28 de mayo de 2007 - 17:04
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Enlace Relacionado:
- NASAs center for distance learning
- Duración:
- 05′ 21″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
- Resolución:
- 480x360 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 31.17 MBytes
