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1.The Taifas and Almoravids - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 8 de mayo de 2023 por Luis H.

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So we are going to explain in this unit another topic, the Iberian Peninsula between the 13th 00:00:00
century and the 15th century. We're going to explain in this unit the different evolution 00:00:07
in the Iberian Peninsula and the relationship between the Christians and the Muslims. 00:00:18
So, we are here and remember that in the year 929, it was the time of the Caliphate of Córdoba. 00:00:24
This is only to know more, okay. Then you have to write a conceptual map, but I'm explaining 00:00:34
these maps as an introduction for the topic, okay. So, we said before and in the previous 00:00:41
lessons that in the year 929 it was the moment of the cordova caliphate was the golden age for 00:00:51
cordova remember that but the christians began also in the north their reconquest 00:01:00
up to the river 00:01:07
Guys, if you don't close the microphones, you have to close the microphones. 00:01:10
Someone doesn't know how to do it because if they don't... 00:01:16
I've explained it, okay? 00:01:18
Maybe someone who will be in the program later has it open. 00:01:20
Does everyone have it closed? 00:01:25
Great. 00:01:29
So, as I said before, 929 was the moment of the Cordoba Caliphate. 00:01:31
For the Muslims, it was the Golden Age. 00:01:39
remember as the Roman III who conquered Cordoba and the Cordoba Caliphate, 00:01:42
while the Christians in the north began the reconquest. 00:01:49
It was the moment when Castile, León, Navarra and Barcelona, the Catalan counties, started the reconquest. 00:01:55
But in the year 1031, the Cordoba Caliphate disappeared. 00:02:04
it ended and it was the moment when the Cordoba Caliphate was divided into 00:02:10
different Taifa kingdoms. So in this unit we are going to explain the Taifa 00:02:18
kingdoms, the Muslims territories from 1031 to 1085, okay? 00:02:28
We are going to start from here, from the year 1031, from the Muslim decline. 00:02:40
So, what happened in the year 1031? 00:02:47
In the year 1031, it began the decline in the Muslim territories. 00:02:57
We are here. 00:03:03
As you know, the Cordoba Caliphate was divided into different types of kingdoms. 00:03:05
And what happened with the Christians? What happened with the Christians when they knew that the Caliphate disappeared and it was divided into different types of kingdoms? 00:03:14
So when the Christians who were living here knew that the Cordoba Caliphate was divided into different types of kingdoms, what do you think? 00:03:26
do you think what happened do you think that the taifa kingdom kingdoms were stronger or weaker 00:03:38
or weaker than the cordova caliphate they were stronger or weaker open your microphones 00:03:45
obviously they were weaker obviously exactly they were weaker and when the christians 00:03:57
knew that the Taifa kingdoms were weaker than the Córdoba Caliphate, they took advantage, 00:04:04
se aprovecharon, they took advantage of this situation and they moved southwards. 00:04:15
Se movieron hacia el sur. 00:04:24
They moved southwards. 00:04:26
This is the map of the Córdoba Caliphate and this is the map of the Taifa kingdoms. 00:04:28
And you can see on the map that the Christian kingdoms took advantage of this situation and they conquered more territories. 00:04:34
They moved southwards, they moved southwards and they conquered more and more territory. 00:04:44
Basically, they conquered from the river Duero up to the river Tagus, Tajo, okay? 00:04:56
So we are here, the Christian kingdoms moved southwards and they conquered more territory. 00:05:05
So when the Christians conquered more territory, at the beginning they charged Muslims with 00:05:16
paryas, cargaron a los musulmanes con impuestos, I'm going to repeat it again. 00:05:26
They charged Muslims with paryas. 00:05:32
Do you know how to write charge? 00:05:40
Okay, can you see it? 00:05:45
They charged Muslims with paryas in exchange for peace. 00:05:48
So when the Christians moved southwards and they conquered more territories, they charged Muslims with paryas, with taxes, because they wanted to earn more money in exchange for something. 00:06:04
So, basically, los cristianos, los cristianos, al conquistar más territorios, cobraron impuestos. 00:06:28
Christians, when they conquer more territories, they charge Muslims with barriers in exchange for peace, a cambio de la paz, in exchange for peace. 00:06:39
But, class, when the Christians conquered more and more territories, and when they earned 00:06:55
more money, they had enough. 00:07:04
They had enough money, they had enough paryas, taxes, and one king was called Alfonso XVI. 00:07:08
When he had enough money, he made an army, he reinforced his army, he made an army and 00:07:19
he conquered in the year 1085 the important Muslim city of Toledo. 00:07:29
This is the moment. 00:07:38
So Christians took advantage of this situation, they moved southwards, they conquered more 00:07:41
territories, and at the beginning they charged Muslims with paryas in exchange for peace, 00:07:50
a cambio de la paz, but when they had more money, when they had enough money, or when 00:07:57
they had more money, they made an army, they created an army, and they conquered the important 00:08:03
Muslim city of Toledo in the year 1085, this is the moment when the Christians conquered 00:08:11
Toledo, and Toledo was a Christian city from that moment onwards. 00:08:19
Okay, this is the important city, Muslim city of Toledo, very close from here. 00:08:28
When we finish the quarantena, maybe we should go there to see the important Muslim city and now Christian city of Toledo. 00:08:35
And who was the king who conquered Toledo? The king from Castile and León, the king from the kingdom of León, who was Alfonso VI. 00:08:46
Remember, class, that at that time there were two important kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula, 00:08:59
two important Christian kingdoms. 00:09:08
One was in Leon, and the king was Alfonso VI, and the other one was in Aragon, and the 00:09:11
important king at that time was Alfonso I. 00:09:21
So it's impressive because there were two different kingdoms with two different kings, 00:09:28
but both of them were called the same, Alfonso, in this case, the sixth in Leon, and Alfonso 00:09:35
the first, in this case, in Aragon, okay? 00:09:42
Did you understand up to here? 00:09:49
Yes? 00:09:51
Can you repeat the last thing? 00:09:52
Yes, as I said before, as I said before, there were two important kingdoms at that moment in our history in the Iberian Peninsula. 00:09:56
One king in the kingdom of Leon, who was Alfonso the Seed, and another king in Aragon, who was Alfonso I. 00:10:08
they belonged to different kingdoms 00:10:18
they belonged to different kingdoms 00:10:21
but both of them were called the same 00:10:24
Alfonso 00:10:28
but there were different 00:10:29
they were different people 00:10:33
one was ruling in Castilla and León 00:10:36
and the other one in Aragon 00:10:40
so imagine the situation class 00:10:41
imagine the situation for the Muslims 00:10:46
when the Christians conquered Toledo. 00:10:49
What do you think would happen? 00:10:52
Obviously, the Taifa kingdoms were really afraid of the Christians. 00:10:54
Why? Because they managed to conquer Toledo. 00:10:59
They were afraid of them. 00:11:05
The Taifa kingdoms were really afraid, 00:11:07
and the Taifa kings, the Muslim kings were really afraid of the Christians. 00:11:11
and for this reason 00:11:16
the Taifa kings 00:11:18
took an important decision 00:11:20
that I'm going to explain in a minute 00:11:22
Isabel 00:11:24
Toledo 00:11:25
even though the Christians 00:11:28
had invaded it, it was still divided 00:11:30
as the Muslims had done 00:11:32
Yes, exactly 00:11:34
Toledo, actually 00:11:36
if you pay attention to Toledo 00:11:39
Toledo is a 00:11:40
Muslim city 00:11:43
because the streets 00:11:44
were like a labyrinth 00:11:46
with narrow streets 00:11:49
and here we could see 00:11:50
the old Alcázar 00:11:52
and also the 00:11:55
territory for the old mosque 00:11:56
but when the Christians 00:11:59
conquered the city in the year 1085 00:12:00
under the rule of Alfonso the Seed 00:12:03
he changed 00:12:05
those buildings 00:12:06
for the Christian Alcázar 00:12:08
from the current cathedral 00:12:10
okay okay well I remember that this class is in English you have to try to 00:12:12
ask me okay I forgive you because this is the first class so I'm going to 00:12:19
explain now the second part with this conceptual map we are going to finish 00:12:28
for today I'm going to explain who were the Almoravids we explain up to the year 00:12:33
1085, and now I'm going to explain what happened from the year 1085 up to 1144. 00:12:41
So basically, as I said before, imagine the situation when the Christians conquered Toledo 00:12:53
and here, imagine the situation, the Taifa kings were really desperate, they were really 00:12:59
afraid of the christians and that's why the taifa kings took an important decision 00:13:08
they took an important decision so the taifa kings were living here in the iberian peninsula 00:13:17
and christians were conquering more and more territories and this is the moment when the 00:13:26
The Taifa kings asked for the help to other tribes in North Africa. 00:13:32
The Taifa kings knew that there were living in the North Africa some important tribes 00:13:41
who were called the Almoravids and the Taifa kings knew that the Almoravids who were living 00:13:51
in North Africa. They were strong. They were really good warriors, guerreros. They were 00:13:58
earning a lot of money due to the Silk Road, La Ruta de la Seda, because they were living 00:14:07
here. They were traders, comerciantes. They were traders in the Sahara Desert, but they 00:14:15
were connected with the Silk Road, they earned a lot of money, they made an army, and the 00:14:23
Taifa kings knew this situation. That's why the Taifa kings sent different letters, cartas, 00:14:31
to the Almoravids who were living in North Africa. They explained the situation in the 00:14:41
Iberian Peninsula, and the Taifa kings gave the offer to the Almoravids to cross the Strait 00:14:49
of Gibraltar in order to help Muslims who were living in the Iberian Peninsula, in order 00:14:57
to help the Taifa kingdoms and the Taifa kings who were living in the Iberian Peninsula. 00:15:04
Remember that they were fighting against Christians. 00:15:13
So to sum up, the Taifa kings sent an offer to the Almoravids, to the Almoravids who were 00:15:18
living in North Africa, to cross the Strait of Gibraltar, to cross the Strait of Gibraltar. 00:15:30
And they crossed it, the Strait of Gibraltar. 00:15:47
You know that the Almoravids were nomadic Berbers. 00:15:49
They belonged to the Berber tribes and they were nomads because they moved from one place 00:15:54
to another in North Africa. 00:16:02
They were also traders, remember that. 00:16:04
And the Almoravids, when they were living in North Africa, remember they received the 00:16:12
offer to cross the Straits of Gibraltar and they crossed it. 00:16:18
They crossed the Strait of Gibraltar in order to help the Taifa Kings and the Taifa Kingdoms. 00:16:27
By the way, ask me, Isabela. 00:16:35
When they crossed the Strait of Gibraltar to help the other Muslims, did they stay there 00:16:39
forever or did they go back to the... 00:16:45
Really good question that I'm going to explain in a minute, Isabela. 00:16:51
So the capital of the Almoravids was Marrakech, now it's an important city in Morocco, Marrakech. 00:16:56
This is the mosque that was built during the time of the Almoravids. 00:17:08
They built the mosque in Marrakech. 00:17:15
And in order to answer your question, Isabella, from Marrakech, the Almoravids traveled to 00:17:22
North Africa, they crossed the Strait of Gibraltar, they crossed Algeciras, they helped first 00:17:30
of all the Taifa king in Seville, and in order to defeat the Christians, in order to defeat 00:17:37
the christians in order to defeat the most important king at that time 00:17:47
the christian king at that time who was alfonso the sith 00:17:52
there was a battle there was a battle between the almoravids and the taifa 00:17:58
kingdoms against the christians against alfonso 00:18:06
the sith that happened in the year 1085 00:18:11
sorry 1086 remember that the christians conquered toledo in the year 1085 and one year later on 00:18:17
it was the moment when there was this important battle in history the battle of sagrajas 00:18:26
and in this battle the taifa kingdoms plus the almoravids the almoravids and the taifa kingdoms 00:18:34
fought against alfonso the sith who was the king in castile 00:18:43
so what was the result of this battle what do you think what happened in this battle who was 00:18:52
the winner i don't know you don't know who was the winner the winner were the almoravids 00:18:57
the Almoravids won this battle, the Battle of Sagrajas, and they managed to stop Alfonso 00:19:10
de Sif in this border. As the Almoravids and the Taifa kingdoms were the winners, they 00:19:21
stopped Alfonso XVI in Toledo and they established the border in Toledo. 00:19:28
When the Almoravids won this battle in the year 1086, they created an empire, Isabela. 00:19:42
They created an empire not only in the territories of the Iberian Peninsula, but also in North 00:19:49
Africa. So some Almoravids stayed in the Iberian Peninsula and others went back 00:19:56
to North Africa. Okay, but some Almoravids stayed and they settled the 00:20:04
border between Christians and Muslims in the river Tahoe and also in the other 00:20:13
river, the other important river, which was the river Ebro. 00:20:20
So I will say to sum up that after the Battle of Sagrajas, the Almoravids created an empire, 00:20:28
the Almoravids Empire, not only in the territories of Al-Andalus, but also in Africa, in North 00:20:35
Africa. 00:20:43
And the Almoravids won the battle against Alfonso VII in Sagrajas and also they conquered Zaragoza after Sagrajas. 00:20:44
Sagrajas happened in the year 1086. After Sagrajas they conquered Zaragoza in the year 1110. 00:20:55
Okay, 1110, in the year 1110. 00:21:06
So it was impressive, the Almoravid Empire, because you can have a look here. 00:21:13
They conquered Zaragoza in the year 1110. 00:21:20
They conquered also, and they were the winners in Zaragoza. 00:21:24
They had an empire in the south of the Iberian Peninsula and in North Africa. 00:21:28
They were earning a lot of money because they were traders. 00:21:34
And in terms of religion class, they were very radical. 00:21:39
They were very radical in religion. 00:21:44
They were very radical in religion, I'm here, 00:21:47
because they persecuted other religions. 00:21:51
They persecuted the ones who were not Muslim. 00:21:57
They were against members of the Jewish community, they persecuted the Christians, the Motharaps, 00:22:02
who were Christians, who were living in the territory of Al-Andalus. 00:22:11
They were very radical in religion because they were very strict in religion. 00:22:15
They followed the Quran in a very strict way and that's why they fought against other religions, 00:22:20
against jews and christians but the almoravid empire is not going to last very long the 00:22:28
almoravid empire is not going to last very long i'm here because the other the other king in aragon 00:22:38
Alfonso I, because the other king in the kingdom of Aragon, Alfonso I, conquered Zaragoza 00:22:50
again eight years later on, in the year 1118. In the year 1118, Alfonso I, the king from 00:23:00
Aragon conquered Zaragoza again. So, Zaragoza was only under the rule of the Muslims for 00:23:10
only eight years. But in these eight years, Muslims built this royal palace in Zaragoza. 00:23:20
But as I said before, but as I said before, Alfonso I, the king from Aragon conquered 00:23:31
Zaragoza in the year 1118. And what was the consequence of that? This conquest was the 00:23:38
end of the Almoravid Empire. After that moment they were disintegrated. The Almoravid Empire 00:23:47
ended when Alfonso I conquered Zaragoza. And imagine the situation. Again, the Taifa kingdoms 00:23:56
were really afraid. They were afraid of the Christians. Christians were conquering more 00:24:07
and more territories in their reconquest. And that's why the Taifa kings took another 00:24:13
important decision when they called another tribe from North Africa to help them. But 00:24:22
we had enough for the first day and we are going to see the other part in the following 00:24:29
Autor/es:
Luis Horrillo Sánchez
Subido por:
Luis H.
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
56
Fecha:
8 de mayo de 2023 - 19:26
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES CERVANTES
Duración:
24′ 35″
Relación de aspecto:
2.05:1
Resolución:
1844x900 píxeles
Tamaño:
488.74 MBytes

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