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Exploring our solar system - Contenido educativo
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Science- the solar system
our solar system have you ever looked up into the sky and wondered what was there higher than
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the birds past the clouds and farther than the moon a whole host of fascinating objects spin
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in outer space let's imagine for a moment that we can leave the earth behind and explore the
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the solar system that surrounds it.
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We call it the solar system because everything in it is centered around the sun, and solar
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means something to do with the sun.
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The sun is a star, just like many of the stars that you can see in the night sky, just many
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times closer to us.
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Still, the sun is very, very far away from the earth, almost 93 million miles away.
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That's why it looks so small, even though it's the biggest object in the solar system.
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In fact, the Sun makes up more than 99% of the mass in the solar system.
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If you put all of the planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and everything else in the solar system
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together, they would make up less than one quarter of a percent of it.
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The Sun is so big that it's more than 100 times wider than the Earth, and if it were
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a giant jar, you could fit more than 1 million Earths into it!
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More than that, the Sun is what holds the solar system together.
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Its massive gravity is what keeps the Earth and all the other planets circling around
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it instead of drifting off into space.
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The sun is also what allows us to live on earth.
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Without the sun, there would be no heat, there would be no light, plants could not grow,
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water would freeze, and nothing could survive.
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The sun gives us heat and light because it is always burning.
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It is a giant ball of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium, and it burns at millions of degrees
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in its center.
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Let's leave the Sun now, to explore the planets.
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As we move away from the Sun, the first planet we will encounter is Mercury.
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Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system, much smaller than Earth, and one of
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only five planets you can see from Earth using nothing but your eyes.
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Of course, it won't look much like a planet.
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It looks more like a bright star, and many nights you can see it close to the horizon
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near sunrise and sunset.
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Mercury is a lot like our moon.
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It's small and has a rocky surface with craters on it.
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It has no moon of its own and no air to breathe.
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You probably wouldn't enjoy a visit to Mercury, since temperatures are boiling hot in the
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sun and freezing cold in the shade.
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Something interesting about Mercury is that it is the fastest planet to go around the
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Sun.
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It only takes 88 days!
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Next is Venus, the second planet.
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Some people call Venus Earth's sister, because the two planets are very close in size and
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gravity, but they are very different on the surface.
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First of all, it is very hot.
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Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system.
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It's not as close to the sun as Mercury, but its thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide helps
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it to trap the heat and stay warmer than its neighbor.
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It has a thick atmosphere, but it is not one you could breathe.
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It is mostly made of carbon dioxide, and there are clouds of sulfuric acid.
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Venus might not be fun to visit, but it is beautiful to look at.
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It is the second brightest object in the night sky.
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The only thing brighter is the moon.
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If you are looking at a sunrise or a sunset, and suddenly notice what looks like a very
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bright star, you are probably looking at Venus.
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After Venus comes Earth, the third planet from the Sun.
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Of course you know all about Earth because that's the planet where we live.
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Earth is what's called a Goldilocks planet, because it's not too hot, and not too cold.
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It is just right.
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As far as we know, Earth is the only planet to have living things.
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Let's leave Earth again for a moment though, and visit Mars, the fourth planet from the
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Sun.
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Mars is known as the Red Planet because iron oxide, a material like rust, in the soil gives
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it a reddish color.
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Mars is smaller than Venus and the Earth, but larger than Mercury.
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It is cold and rocky, with a thin atmosphere made of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
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There is water ice on Mars.
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Scientists are very interested in Mars because they think that people could live there with
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the help of some special equipment. Rockets and probes have already been sent there to
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gain more information about the planet. Right now, there are two special robots exploring
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the surface of Mars, sending information back to Earth.
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Mars is the first planet we've visited today besides Earth to have its own moons. It has
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too, although they are not big and round like our Moon. Mars' moons are small and irregular.
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Scientists think they may be captured asteroids. Maybe they came from the big asteroid belt
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that is between Mars and Jupiter. An asteroid belt is a big ring of asteroids, or rocky
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objects, orbiting the Sun.
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Jupiter comes next, the fifth planet in the Solar System. Jupiter is the largest planet
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and is something called a gas giant. It is called this because it is really big and made
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mostly of gases. Jupiter is so big that you would have to place 11 earths end to end just
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to stretch across its middle.
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Jupiter is also the third brightest object in the night sky. Only Venus and the moon
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are brighter. You can usually find Jupiter higher in the sky than Venus, since Jupiter
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is away from the Sun, and not towards it. Jupiter has at least 67 moons that circle
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around it, but 55 of them are very small, only about as big as a mountain or smaller.
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Some of its moons are very large, and at least two of them are about the same size as the
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planet Mercury. One of its moons is the largest moon in the solar system. Some of these large
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moons can be seen from Earth in your backyard with a telescope.
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People cannot land on Jupiter because it is made of gas, there is no ground to land on.
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Even if there was somewhere to land, Jupiter is covered by terrible storms, much stronger
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than even the strongest storms on Earth.
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One storm that we know about can be seen from Earth.
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We call it the Great Red Spot because that's what it looks like, and it has been going
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on for at least 200 years. After Jupiter comes Saturn, another gas giant.
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Saturn is famous for its beautiful rings. Although they look solid from a distance,
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the rings are actually made from many, many small ice particles, as well as rocks and
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dust. Saturn also has more than 60 moons orbiting around it, some as large as the planet Mercury,
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planet Mercury, and many smaller.
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Something interesting about Saturn is that even though it is very large, it is not very
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dense.
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That means that if you could find a bathtub large enough to put Saturn in, it would float
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instead of sink.
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Saturn is the farthest planet that can be seen from Earth without the help of a telescope.
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After Saturn comes Uranus, the seventh planet from the Sun.
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Uranus is another gas giant, but it is much smaller than Saturn and Jupiter. Unlike any
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other planet in the solar system, it is tilted so much that it actually spins sideways. Uranus
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has rings around it, although they are much smaller than Saturn's, and 27 known moons.
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Uranus is covered in blue clouds made of methane, which give it its lovely color.
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similar to Uranus is Neptune, the eighth planet from the Sun. Neptune is another gas giant,
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and like Uranus, it has methane in its atmosphere so it also looks blue. Neptune is a darker
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blue than Uranus, and scientists aren't sure why. Neptune has a few thin rings and 14 moons
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that we know about. Because Neptune is so far out in space, it takes it a very, very
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long time to go around the Sun. Remember Mercury, that only takes 88 days to go once around
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the Sun? Poor Neptune takes over 164 years to finish an orbit around the Sun. The last
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time that Neptune was in the same place it is now was before the American Civil War,
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before computers, phones, airplanes or cars had been invented. Neptune has the longest
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orbit of any planet in the solar system.
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Now you may think that I've forgotten someone.
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Pluto.
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Pluto was discovered in 1930, and was listed as the ninth planet in the solar system.
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As it was studied longer, scientists realized how small it is.
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It is much smaller than any other planet in the solar system, and even smaller than many
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other moons.
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Plus, people started to discover other small, rocky planet-like objects in space near Pluto.
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Some of them were even bigger than Pluto!
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In 2006, after 76 years being listed as a planet, Pluto was declared a dwarf planet
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to show that it was something that was like a planet, but much smaller.
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There are at least six dwarf planets in the solar system, and possibly many, many more.
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That leaves us with eight official planets in our solar system.
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Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
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I hope you enjoyed exploring the solar system with me today.
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Goodbye till next time!
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- Subido por:
- M.jesãºs G.
- Licencia:
- Todos los derechos reservados
- Visualizaciones:
- 67
- Fecha:
- 8 de febrero de 2021 - 21:03
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- CP INF-PRI FEDERICO GARCIA LORCA
- Duración:
- 11′ 54″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1280x720 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 31.71 MBytes
