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Destination Tomorrow - DT12 - Aircraft Revolution

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Subido el 28 de mayo de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment exploring the transition of aircraft design through the years. The segment describes what aircraft may look like in the future.

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Not long after the first flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright Brothers, and many other inventors 00:00:00
for that matter, began trying to find ways to make aircraft better. 00:00:12
In a relatively short amount of time, aircraft designs went from canvas and wood structures 00:00:16
with very weak engines to metal structures with very powerful engines. 00:00:21
With each new innovation, propeller-driven aircraft became stronger, safer, and much 00:00:25
more efficient. 00:00:31
The next great revolution in aircraft design came with the development of the jet engine. 00:00:32
This type of engine truly changed air travel dramatically. 00:00:37
It enabled aircraft to fly farther and faster than propeller-driven aircraft, while improving 00:00:40
safety and efficiency. 00:00:45
However, since the beginning of the jet age, technology innovations in aircraft have been 00:00:47
more incremental than revolutionary. 00:00:51
Small steps forward have continued to make flying safer, but what will be the next great 00:00:54
revolution in air travel? 00:00:59
To help answer this question, NASA researchers are working on new designs that could change 00:01:01
air travel once again. 00:01:06
New aircraft shapes, cleaner-burning fuels, and new materials could be the first steps 00:01:08
in the next revolution in aircraft design. 00:01:13
I spoke with Bob McKinley in the Vehicle Systems Program Office at NASA Langley to find out 00:01:16
what future aircraft might look like. 00:01:21
The Vehicle Systems Program Office is focused upon working on improving the aircraft of 00:01:24
the future. 00:01:28
In particular, we want to work on quality of life for the citizens of this country, 00:01:29
and that's where our investment is aimed, and also to make aircraft safer and cleaner 00:01:33
and better for the environment. 00:01:38
Some of the aircraft that we're working on would be subsonic transports like jetliners 00:01:40
that would fly quieter, land and takeoff quieter, and supersonic aircraft that could fly over 00:01:44
land without making a sonic boom, and personal air vehicles that you and I could use in place 00:01:51
of an automobile. 00:01:56
Now, will the aircraft of the future look similar to the aircraft we see today? 00:01:57
Some aircraft will look the same as what we see today or very similar, and some will not. 00:02:02
One of the concepts that we've been working on in terms of advanced technologies is the 00:02:06
blended wing body, or the BWB, and that aircraft is aimed specifically at being much cleaner 00:02:10
in terms of emissions and fuel burn. 00:02:16
Subsonic aircraft are much more efficient and quieter than aircraft designed, say, even 00:02:19
30 years ago, but public demand for quieter and more environmentally friendly aircraft 00:02:23
continues to grow. 00:02:29
In an effort to meet this goal, NASA is researching an aircraft called the BWB, or blended wing 00:02:31
body. 00:02:36
The BWB is a hybrid shape that mainly resembles a flying wing, but also incorporates some 00:02:37
features of a conventional transport aircraft. 00:02:43
The futuristic airframe is a unique design with efficient high-lift wings and a wide 00:02:46
airfoil-shaped body, allowing the entire aircraft to generate lift and minimize drag, thereby 00:02:52
increasing fuel economy. 00:02:58
In addition to the blended wing body, if we are working on aircraft that would cruise 00:03:10
at a higher speed, today's planes fly between 5 and 600 miles an hour, we call it Mach 0.85, 00:03:14
is about the standard, and what we'd like to do is move to an aircraft that allows us 00:03:19
to fly at Mach 1.6 to 1.8, which is over twice as fast, say 1,200 miles an hour, and you'd 00:03:24
be able to get from New York to L.A. in about two hours. 00:03:31
The technology exists to do that today. 00:03:34
We have supersonic aircraft, we could make aircraft that would efficiently cruise at 00:03:37
that speed, and the Concorde is an example. 00:03:41
Aircraft like that can't fly supersonically over the United States or over any landmass 00:03:44
because they create a huge sonic boom as they do so. 00:03:49
A sonic boom is a noise similar to thunder, caused by an object moving faster than sound, 00:03:52
about 750 miles per hour at sea level. 00:03:58
As an aircraft travels through the atmosphere, it continuously produces air pressure waves, 00:04:01
similar to the water waves caused by a ship's bow. 00:04:07
When the aircraft exceeds the speed of sound, these pressure waves combine and form shock 00:04:10
waves. 00:04:15
These shock waves are heard as a sonic boom when they hit the ground. 00:04:16
This boom is so disturbing that aircraft today generally only break the sound barrier over 00:04:20
water or in restricted military space, but new testing at NASA might soon change that. 00:04:24
In recent tests, NASA researchers successfully demonstrated a way to lessen the impact of 00:04:33
a sonic boom. 00:04:38
Flight cleared high altitude supersonic, entry exit point one, advise to complete the corridor. 00:04:39
They found that by designing the wings and body of an aircraft to a specific shape, the 00:04:46
pressure waves generated can be kept from merging together. 00:04:50
The resulting shock waves are therefore much weaker in strength, and the sound heard on 00:04:54
the ground is less intense. 00:04:59
With this new breakthrough, supersonic flight over land may finally be within reach. 00:05:01
Another program that NASA researchers are currently working on may completely revolutionize 00:05:10
the way we currently commute and travel in our daily lives. 00:05:15
One of the major breakthroughs for personal travel in the 20th century was the development 00:05:23
of the automobile. 00:05:27
Before the automobile came along, the average person would only travel five miles a day 00:05:29
or less. 00:05:33
This number increased to 50 miles a day with the development of the automobile. 00:05:34
The goal of the personal air vehicle is to enable the average person to travel about 00:05:39
250 miles a day by using their own or a shared personal air vehicle. 00:05:43
The hope of NASA researchers is that personal air vehicles will be used in the 21st century 00:05:49
the same way automobiles have been used in the 20th century. 00:05:55
This change would allow much more mobility and freedom in our everyday lives. 00:05:59
These aircraft may be able to completely displace the automobile just as automobiles did horses. 00:06:03
And we're looking at those in three phases. 00:06:09
The first being what we call a quiet, conventional personal air vehicle. 00:06:11
Be very similar to what you see out on general aviation runways today. 00:06:16
We hope to make these aircraft so easy to use that almost anyone would be able to take 00:06:20
a few hours of training and get in and use this vehicle to get anywhere they want to 00:06:24
go. 00:06:28
The second phase would be what we call a vertical or short takeoff and landing air taxi. 00:06:29
And this would be an aircraft that could take off in very short distances and hold six or 00:06:35
eight people. 00:06:40
And you'd be able to just walk up like you did a taxi at a taxi stand and say, I need 00:06:41
to go from Washington to Cleveland, and you'd be in and go. 00:06:45
The third phase, we'd get into what we call a dual mode. 00:06:49
And this would be, if you think Jetsons, this is the flying car. 00:06:52
You'd be able to park this thing in your garage, drive out on your street, roll down the street 00:06:56
a little ways to some short takeoff field and fly. 00:07:01
And maybe it's as simple as take me to grandma's house and it knows how to get you there. 00:07:05
You know, we've come a long way since the Wright brothers took their short flight at 00:07:10
Kitty Hawk. 00:07:16
There have been a lot of innovations in aircraft technology in just the short amount of time 00:07:17
that we've been in the air. 00:07:20
And NASA's been a big part of that, and we're going to continue to be a part of that in 00:07:22
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Idioma/s:
en
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
      • Nivel Intermedio
Autor/es:
NASA LaRC Office of Education
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
683
Fecha:
28 de mayo de 2007 - 17:05
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
NASAs center for distance learning
Duración:
07′ 31″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
43.74 MBytes

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