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UT02_DETERMINACIÓN_fontaneria - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 20 de noviembre de 2025 por Salvador M.

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UT02_DETERMINACIÓN_fontaneria

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Let's focus now on plumbing installations. 00:00:12
Regarding the regulations in terms of hot and cold water supply, we are going to follow 00:00:16
HS Salubrity Basic Document Chapter 4, the Regulations on Thermal Installations in Buildings 00:00:22
and the Building Technical Standards. 00:00:29
As basic regulation we'll use HS Sanitary Basic Document Chapter 4 and we are going 00:00:33
to go directly to section number 4 to start with the dimensioning. 00:00:41
Firstly, a space forecasting inside the building is to take into account to house the general 00:00:47
meter which dimensions will be established depending on the diameter of the water intake. 00:00:53
This general meter box will house following devices. 00:01:02
a general shut-off valve, then the installation filter, the general meter, a cut-off valve, 00:01:06
a test valve or pipe fitting, an on-return valve and an outlet valve. 00:01:18
This outlet valve and the general cut-off valve will allow the general meter's assembly 00:01:25
and disassembly. 00:01:30
Regarding the dimensioning of the plumbing network, the calculation is going to be done 00:01:32
as follows. 00:01:37
A first dimensioning will be carried out, choosing the less favourable section, obtaining 00:01:38
some previous diameters, which will later have to be checked based on the calculated 00:01:44
pressure loss. 00:01:51
This dimensioning will be done taking into account the characteristics of each installation 00:01:52
and the diameters obtained will be compared with the minimum diameters established on this regulation. 00:01:58
Since we are talking about the characteristics of the installation, 00:02:07
let's present the project that we are going to work on. 00:02:10
It's a three-floor healthcare centre, basement, ground floor and first floor. 00:02:14
Most activities will take place on the ground floor. 00:02:19
On the first floor we will have a meeting room and two offices, 00:02:26
And in the basement we'll house 25 parking spaces, a changing room area and all the facilities' rooms. 00:02:30
Let's start with the dimensioning of the less favourable circuit that will be the one with the greatest pressure loss due to friction, 00:02:39
that is, the longest one, accumulating more friction and therefore more pressure loss, and the one that has a higher geometric elevation. 00:02:51
This circuit will run from the domestic intake until the farthest device situated in the 00:03:03
first floor, which we already have identified and selected on floor plan. 00:03:11
What we are going to do now is to organize the rest of the installation into sections. 00:03:20
As you can see, we have made this splitting, especially at points where the circuit branches 00:03:26
into two pipes distributing its flow for the dimensioning of these sections will proceed as 00:03:32
follows we are going to calculate the maximum flow rate of each section as the sum of the flows of 00:03:42
the consumption points in this case regardless of the sections that we are going to consider 00:03:49
as they will be intake supplying pipe main distributor risers and branches for the three 00:03:57
floors, we'll need to make a list of all wet rooms where each consumption point is placed 00:04:04
and calculate its flow. For this task, a spreadsheet like the one I've developed here is recommended, 00:04:11
with the detail of all rooms, changing rooms, parking, medical practice rooms, toilets. 00:04:24
We've also assigned each room a code, a name, and we have entered the type of device and 00:04:33
its minimum instant water flow rate on table 2.1, the number of that type of device and 00:04:40
finally the resulting flow rate. We've also made a sum for each unit of wet room and we 00:04:55
have grouped these flows by floor plan. In addition, we have counted the number of devices 00:05:05
to apply a simultaneously coefficient since not all devices will be functioning at the 00:05:13
the same time, and this way we have calculated the maximum flow per floor plan according 00:05:19
to the first section of the technical code. 00:05:34
Next section will deal with the simultaneously coefficient since the different simultaneous 00:05:40
operation scenarios of plumbing appliances inside buildings fluctuate their flows. 00:05:47
This simultaneous coefficient will be defined by the UNE 149201 standard, where it will 00:05:56
be 1 divided of the root of n minus 1, being n the number of appliances or devices. 00:06:03
Once obtained the maximum flow for each floor plan, we calculate the simultaneous coefficient. 00:06:11
Next step will be to determine the calculation flow, which will be the multiple of this simultaneous 00:06:19
coefficient by the maximum flow rate which we have previously calculated. 00:06:25
Next step is to choose the calculation speed with which we are going to calculate the pipe's 00:06:30
diameter. 00:06:36
In this case we'll have following ranges, for metal pipe between 0.5 and 2 m per second 00:06:37
and for thermoplastic and multilayer pipes between 0.5 and 3.5 m per second. 00:06:44
We are now going to use standard values of 2 m per second and 1 m per second. 00:06:51
Finally, we are going to obtain the diameter of each section, which will depend on the last two values, 00:06:57
the calculation flow and the calculation speed. 00:07:03
We are going to calculate the flow with an abacus, usually supplied by commercial companies, 00:07:06
depending on the pipe's material. 00:07:13
The abacus is very easy. It's made up of four columns. 00:07:19
The two exterior ones are going to be the columns with which we are going to enter the abacus. 00:07:24
The two outer ones correspond to the speed and the flow, and within these two outer columns 00:07:30
we are going to draw a line which is going to cut both columns inside. 00:07:36
From these two columns that are inside, one corresponds to the pressure loss of the pipe 00:07:42
in millimeter water column per meter, and the one to the right corresponds to the inner 00:07:48
diameter, both in inches and millimeters. So, for a flow rate of 2.4 L per second and 00:07:53
the speed of 2 m per second, we determine the diameter both of the intake supplying 00:08:03
pipe as well as for the main distributor, which will have the same flow rate and the 00:08:09
same speed, and we see that the line will cut in the second column with a diameter of 00:08:15
nearly 40 mm, and it will correspond to a pressure loss of 180 mm water column per meter. 00:08:22
In the case of the derivation pipes, we start from a flow rate of 0.79 l per second and a speed 00:08:34
of 2 m per second. This will give us a diameter of nearly 30 mm and a pressure loss of about 40 00:08:42
mm water column per meter. This is to be done with each section, so our spreadsheet will 00:08:49
be very useful, as we already have the entire table filled out. 00:08:55
We have added two more columns, one that corresponds to the minimum nominal diameter, that according 00:09:00
to the technical code this section must comply with, and another column with the nominal 00:09:07
diameter, that one that we are really going to choose for our project. The minimum diameter 00:09:13
must be met, therefore, if we obtain a smaller diameter in the abacus, this value has to 00:09:19
be raised to meet the minimum value established in the technical code. 00:09:25
Finally, in the next column we have the pressure loss obtained in the abacus for that section. 00:09:32
And at this point we move on to the next section of the technical code, which is checking the 00:09:40
available pressure on the less favorable point of consumption, which we had already located 00:09:46
on the first floor, on the device farthest located from the connection, and we must verify 00:09:52
that this value exceeds the minimum value and doesn't exceed the maximum value established 00:10:02
in section 2.1.3. 00:10:09
This verification must be done in two steps. 00:10:12
In the first step, we will determine the pressure loss of the circuit, which will be estimated 00:10:16
at 20 to 30% of that produced on the actual length of the section, or instead it can be 00:10:21
assessed considering each one of the elements of the installation. 00:10:29
In order to evaluate this pressure through the elements of the installation, we have 00:10:36
to go to a table where we can find each element fitting elbow reduction or type of valve that 00:10:41
will produce a loss of pressure. And what we have to do in this case is to make a detailed list of 00:10:48
them and add each accessory with its pressure loss. This is going to be a rather hard procedure 00:10:57
for the result obtained. Therefore, we're going to use a more simplified method which will consist 00:11:05
of estimating this pressure loss, produced by all the accessories of the section, 00:11:16
estimating it at 30% over its length. 00:11:22
Therefore, we can directly measure the length of each section in AutoCAD 00:11:26
and increase it by 30%. 00:11:38
And that value will be the equivalent length. 00:11:41
This equivalent length, multiplied by the pressure loss per meter, 00:11:44
in the abacus will give us the pressure loss value of that section due to internal friction of the pipe. 00:11:48
We are going to do this for each section for the less favorable circuit that we have already identified 00:11:58
at the beginning of the video, and it's the one that goes from the intake to the farthest device on the first floor. 00:12:06
Therefore, the verification that must be carried out after obtaining the values of all pressure laws on each section of the circuit is going to be next step to check that the remaining available pressure after deducting to the total pressure the geometric height and the residual one of the less favorable point of consumption is higher than the minimum pressure required according to the technical code. 00:12:15
This minimum pressure is established at 100 kPa for common devices and 150 kPa for flushing toilets and boilers, and it cannot exceed in any case 500 kPa. 00:12:43
If we develop this process for each section, we can know their pressure values, although to check it we are going to do it only in the less favourable device. 00:13:01
Therefore, at the worst consumption point, at the whole pressure, which in this case 00:13:11
is the supplying pressure, 30 m water column, we are going to discount the geometric height, 00:13:19
which in this case is 10.5 m, and we are also going to discount the pressure loss of the 00:13:26
entire pipeline from the intake until that less favorable consumption point. 00:13:38
Therefore, we are going to subtract all the pressure loss of that circuit, 00:13:44
and we can see in orange color which sections of the circuit are involved in this pressure loss sum 00:13:50
of the less favourable consumption point, 00:13:57
giving as a result a value of 12.27 m water column, 00:14:00
which is less than the 15 m water column required by the technical code. 00:14:08
Therefore, the installation of a pressure whoop will be necessary. 00:14:13
Idioma/s:
es
Idioma/s subtítulos:
en
Materias:
Edificación y obra civil
Etiquetas:
Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
  • Formación Profesional
    • Ciclo formativo de grado superior
      • Segundo Curso
Autor/es:
Salvador Martínez Ortega
Subido por:
Salvador M.
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
4
Fecha:
20 de noviembre de 2025 - 13:51
Visibilidad:
Clave
Centro:
IES ALARNES
Duración:
14′ 25″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1920x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
247.46 MBytes

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