Saltar navegación

Activa JavaScript para disfrutar de los vídeos de la Mediateca.

Barbarrosa Pearl Harbor - Contenido educativo

Ajuste de pantalla

El ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:

Subido el 5 de mayo de 2023 por Luis H.

20 visualizaciones

Más información Transcripción

Descargar la transcripción

Okay, we are here in the year 1941, okay, but before that, before that, we are going 00:00:00
to explain some knowledge to our teaching assistants. 00:00:09
We are going to explain, for example, what happened in the Battle of Britain, what happened 00:00:13
in North Africa and in the Balkans. 00:00:20
For example, why not, Lara is going to explain what happened in the Battle of Britain. 00:00:25
Could you explain to Lu what happened in the Battle of Britain, Lara? 00:00:30
So, you're talking about when Great Britain, sorry, when Germany tried to attack the Balkans 00:00:36
and Italy and all that, right? 00:00:47
Yes. 00:00:50
Okay. 00:00:51
Only about the Battle of Britain. 00:00:52
Okay, so in 1940, in autumn, Hitler was planning to attack the Soviet Union while Mussolini 00:00:53
was going to attack the Balkans, but finally, Mussolini was not able to conquer and invade 00:01:04
the Balkans. 00:01:14
So in April, Germany launched another attack in Belgrade and managed to conquer in June 00:01:15
Yugoslavia and Greece. 00:01:25
So why he attacked the Balkans, the reason why he attacked the Balkans was because the 00:01:28
kind of like a decision taken between Italy and Germany was not fulfilled from the part 00:01:36
of Italy of conquering the Balkans. 00:01:45
He was planning from autumn 1940 to spring 1941 to the operation of Barbarossa, of attacking 00:01:50
the Soviet Union. 00:01:58
So in order to do that, he didn't want to have an enemy behind, so it was easier. 00:02:00
That's why he decided to conquer himself the Balkans and finally, as I said, conquer Yugoslavia 00:02:08
and Greece. 00:02:15
Exactly. 00:02:16
It was brilliant, Lara. 00:02:17
Due to the Italian failure, exactly, Hitler launched an attack on the Balkans and it was 00:02:18
true that he conquered the Balkans, but he lost time. 00:02:26
The campaign against the Soviet Union, Barbarossa operation was delayed, exactly, and it was 00:02:30
one important mistake in war for the Axis, for the Italians and the Germans. 00:02:37
Well done. 00:02:43
I give you a positive in asking questions. 00:02:44
Thank you. 00:02:45
And now, for example, for example, yes, why not Alaya is going to explain the importance 00:02:46
of North Africa or the Battle of Britain, choose one. 00:02:59
Why North Africa and the Battle of Britain were so important in this war? 00:03:04
The importance of Africa. 00:03:11
Africa was very important because when Germany, I think, when Germany discovered the, when 00:03:15
Germany moved the war to North Africa, after the Battle of Britain, yes, because lots of 00:03:24
English allies were living there, in Libya and Egypt, and they moved there the war because 00:03:35
they also wanted some territories there, because they wanted, they needed oil and they would 00:03:44
get it if they conquered that countries. 00:03:52
Yeah, man. 00:03:55
They needed oil, exactly. 00:03:56
They ran out of petrol, oil, and that's why Hitler moved the war to North Africa to get 00:03:59
all these resources, was to take over North Africa and get the important resources in 00:04:05
the Middle East. 00:04:13
Well done. 00:04:14
And the other reason, do you remember the other reason why Hitler moved his troops to 00:04:15
North Africa? 00:04:19
To avoid something, to avoid something important. 00:04:20
To avoid an alliance? 00:04:24
To avoid... 00:04:27
No clue. 00:04:29
Carlos Verdasco, do you remember? 00:04:32
Carlos? 00:04:35
I don't remember, but as Alaya has said, I think only about the petrol and for resources. 00:04:39
Yes, exactly. 00:04:49
You are right. 00:04:50
Alejandro raised his hand before, Alejandro Azeituno. 00:04:51
Do you remember, Alejandro? 00:04:56
They wanted to prevent an Allied landing in Egypt because it had been a colony of Great 00:04:59
Britain or had a special relationship with Great Britain. 00:05:06
Well done, but not only in Egypt. 00:05:10
And in Libya as well, right? 00:05:13
Libya as well, and also in Morocco, exactly. 00:05:16
That's why Hitler moved his troops to North Africa to avoid an Allied landing in Morocco, 00:05:20
Libya, and also Egypt. 00:05:27
Well done. 00:05:29
I'm really happy that you are studying. 00:05:30
Well done. 00:05:32
And could you explain to us the importance of the Battle of Britain? 00:05:33
Someone, raise your hand if you know. 00:05:37
Elena, thank you so much. 00:05:40
Could you open your microphone, Elena? 00:05:44
Sorry. 00:05:49
No problem. 00:05:50
Yeah, so Germany tried to invade Great Britain and started to bomb the cities and the ports 00:05:51
of Great Britain in the Battle of Britain. 00:06:01
But they made some mistakes, so finally this operation ended in failure. 00:06:03
And the mistakes were that, well, not mistakes, but they didn't take into account some things. 00:06:08
And the first thing was that the Royal Air Force of Great Britain was much more powerful 00:06:16
because they had the hurricane and the Spitfire, and also their technology was more advanced 00:06:25
so they could produce more planes than them. 00:06:32
Perfect. 00:06:34
And also another reason was that the British had a radar and they could detect the attacks 00:06:35
that Germany wanted to do to them. 00:06:43
Yes. 00:06:47
And also because of the ultra-operation, because of the radio, yeah, because of the British intelligence. 00:06:48
Yes, because the British intelligence in the ultra-operation from Bletchley Park deciphered 00:06:57
the silence from the NIMA machine, the Yemeni NIMA machine. 00:07:03
Well done. 00:07:09
Well done. 00:07:11
And Hitler ended in failure. 00:07:12
In the Battle of Britain, Hitler changed his tactic over Britain. 00:07:15
It was the beginning of what? 00:07:20
Raise your hand if you know. 00:07:22
Mario Guijarro, for example. 00:07:25
Open your microphone, Mario. 00:07:30
For example, the Yemeni question, because it was at the peak. 00:07:33
Sorry, we can't hear. 00:07:42
It's a little hard to hear, yeah. 00:07:44
Could you turn up the volume? 00:07:46
I can't. 00:07:50
You can't? 00:07:51
Because it was at the peak. 00:07:52
Better now, better now, Mario. 00:07:54
So they started to weaken. 00:07:56
So they bombed the British cities. 00:08:04
Yemen bombed the British cities. 00:08:09
And this tactic was called the...? 00:08:12
The recession? 00:08:17
I don't know. 00:08:19
The Blitz, the Blitz, the Blitz. 00:08:20
Antonio, could you explain? 00:08:24
Could you add more information about the Blitz? 00:08:25
Antonio Redaños. 00:08:30
The Blitz consisted of bombing the cities of... 00:08:36
No, consisted of bombing the British cities. 00:08:42
Important British cities in order to destroy their economy. 00:08:47
There was material production. 00:08:53
And also to undermine the mentality of the people. 00:08:56
Yeah, to undermine the people. 00:09:04
People's will, no? 00:09:07
Yes. 00:09:09
Did they get their goals? 00:09:10
No, it was going pretty well, but he didn't manage to conquer completely Britain. 00:09:13
Exactly. 00:09:22
And as Hitler couldn't, wasn't able to conquer Britain... 00:09:23
He moved there. 00:09:28
It was key to develop the Barbarossa operation. 00:09:29
Hitler developed the Barbarossa operation so as to put Great Britain in the peace table. 00:09:33
Because Hitler wanted that Great Britain ask for the term of peace. 00:09:42
And that's why he invaded the Soviet Union in the Barbarossa operation. 00:09:47
So let's travel, let's travel to June 1941. 00:09:54
We are there, okay? 00:09:59
We are in June 1941. 00:10:01
It was true that Hitler succeeded in the Balkans. 00:10:05
It was true, but he delayed the Barbarossa operation. 00:10:09
Which planned the invasion of the Soviet Union so as to put Great Britain in the peace table. 00:10:14
Okay, we are going to explain from there. 00:10:24
We are in June 1941. 00:10:26
So as I said before, Hitler was planning the invasion of the Soviet Union even before. 00:10:29
But he launched the campaign in June 1941. 00:10:38
Why? Because he wanted to get more food for Germany. 00:10:44
Remember that the Ukraine was the breadbasket in Europe. 00:10:49
They had a lot of wheat, cereals. 00:10:55
And Germany at this point in the war needed food. 00:11:00
And that's why Hitler invaded the Soviet Union. 00:11:05
And you know that Hitler wrote in the main camp that he was planning to enslave the Slavic people. 00:11:10
It was another reason. 00:11:18
He wanted to enslave the Slavic people. 00:11:21
He wanted more food for Germany. 00:11:25
And also in general, Germany needed more resources. 00:11:28
We talk about oil. 00:11:33
Germany ran out of petrol, oil. 00:11:35
And that's why Hitler also invaded the Soviet Union. 00:11:39
But when Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, what was the main consequence? 00:11:44
Hitler opened the second front in the war. 00:11:49
Because, as you know, they were fighting on the Western Front. 00:11:53
And when Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, he also opened the Eastern Front. 00:11:57
Which was pretty bad for Germany. 00:12:06
Because they had a war in two different fronts. 00:12:09
We have a question from Alejandro Loera. 00:12:13
Alejandro, go on. 00:12:18
Can you hear me? 00:12:20
Yes, perfectly. 00:12:22
Okay, so if Hitler was going to attack the USSR, 00:12:23
why didn't Japan also attack the USSR as a combined attack and defeat Russia easier? 00:12:29
We are raising the bar of this class. 00:12:38
Come on, what a question. 00:12:41
I'm really glad for your question, Alejandro. 00:12:43
It was a really good question. 00:12:45
I'm trying to explain. 00:12:47
Exactly. 00:12:49
The Japanese were key in the Barbarossa Operation. 00:12:50
And the Japanese learned very, very soon in 1939 00:12:54
that it was going to be really difficult to defeat the Soviet Union. 00:13:01
Why? Because in 1931 there was a battle between the Japanese forces and the Soviet Union. 00:13:07
They were fighting in the area of Manchuria, 00:13:17
just in the border between Japan and the Soviet Union. 00:13:20
And it was a draw. Nobody won. 00:13:25
But the Japanese knew about the strength of the Soviet forces. 00:13:28
And from that moment, the Japanese learned that they were not able to defeat the Soviet Union. 00:13:34
And that's why they made an alliance with the Soviet Union. 00:13:42
It was the Matsuoka Treaty in 1941. 00:13:46
And as the Soviet Union knew that the Japanese wouldn't invade the Soviet Union, 00:13:53
it was the moment when the Soviet Union moved all their troops from Siberia to Moscow 00:14:02
so as to fight against Hitler. 00:14:09
And it was key in this moment. 00:14:12
That's why I really appreciate your question. 00:14:14
Because it was key in the Barbarossa Operation. 00:14:16
But this is too much level. 00:14:19
This is, I don't know, for Baccalaureate or more. 00:14:21
So, thank you. 00:14:25
More questions. 00:14:26
Elena had a question. 00:14:28
So, you said that one of the reasons 00:14:32
because Hitler invaded the Soviet Union 00:14:35
was that he wanted to enslave 00:14:39
Slavic people. 00:14:41
What? Can you repeat, please? 00:14:43
Enslave Slavic people. 00:14:45
Ah, Slavic people. Okay, thank you. 00:14:47
I didn't hear it very well, so thank you. 00:14:48
The Slavic population from the Soviet Union. 00:14:53
Thank you. 00:14:55
More questions. Enrique. 00:14:56
Yes, perfectly. 00:15:02
I wasn't here when you said one thing. 00:15:04
It's... 00:15:07
Don't worry, we're recording the lesson. 00:15:10
But I can repeat it again. 00:15:12
Why Hitler attacked 00:15:14
in the Barbarossa Operation 00:15:16
to the USSR? 00:15:18
For different reasons. 00:15:21
First of all, because he wanted to 00:15:23
enslave Slavic people. 00:15:25
He wrote in the main account 00:15:27
that he wanted to enslave Slavic people. 00:15:29
Secondly, because he wanted more food. 00:15:31
Germany ran out of food. 00:15:34
They ran out of oil. 00:15:37
And that's why they invaded 00:15:39
the Soviet Union. 00:15:41
And I said also that when Hitler 00:15:43
invaded the Soviet Union, 00:15:45
he opened the second front 00:15:47
in the world. 00:15:49
The first front was in Western Europe. 00:15:50
They were fighting against 00:15:53
Great Britain. 00:15:55
And when Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, 00:15:57
he opened the second front, 00:15:59
which was pretty bad for Germany 00:16:01
because Germany was in the center of Europe. 00:16:04
And when Hitler invaded 00:16:06
the Soviet Union, 00:16:08
he opened the second front. 00:16:10
So strategically, it was pretty bad 00:16:12
for the Germans. 00:16:14
Why? Because the Soviet Union... 00:16:16
Once Hitler invaded 00:16:18
the Soviet Union, 00:16:20
the Soviet Union became an ally 00:16:22
of the Allied Forces. 00:16:24
Remember that Stalin 00:16:26
signed a treaty with Hitler 00:16:28
in August 1939. 00:16:30
And when Hitler invaded 00:16:32
the Soviet Union, 00:16:34
the USSR or the Soviet Union 00:16:36
became an ally 00:16:38
of Great Britain. 00:16:40
And later on, in December 00:16:42
of the United States. 00:16:44
Okay? 00:16:46
Is everything clear 00:16:48
up to here? 00:16:50
Is everything clear so far? 00:16:52
So let's see on the table 00:16:54
the Barbarossa operation. 00:16:56
So this is 00:16:58
the Barbarossa operation. 00:17:00
Exactly, the Barbarossa operation 00:17:02
was launched 00:17:04
in June 1941. 00:17:06
It was 00:17:10
an important campaign 00:17:12
because Hitler 00:17:14
launched 00:17:16
three million soldiers 00:17:18
over the Soviet Union. 00:17:20
It was impressive. Three million soldiers 00:17:22
over the Soviet Union. 00:17:24
And he used the tactic 00:17:26
of the Blitzkrieg. 00:17:29
I mean the same tactic 00:17:31
that in Poland and in France. 00:17:33
Remember that Poland 00:17:35
and the Soviet Union 00:17:37
at least up to Moscow is a flat 00:17:39
territory with a flat 00:17:41
relief in geography. 00:17:43
And that's why Hitler 00:17:45
combined 00:17:47
their tanks and their planes. 00:17:49
Remember that they were connected by radio 00:17:51
to conquer 00:17:53
very very fast and easily the Soviet 00:17:55
Union. 00:17:57
To be honest, now we are going to say something 00:17:59
about the Soviet Army. 00:18:01
The Soviet Army 00:18:03
wasn't 00:18:05
in its perfect state. 00:18:07
Why? Because 00:18:09
Stalin first of all 00:18:11
ordered the purchase 00:18:13
Do you remember the purchase? 00:18:15
When 00:18:17
Stalin 00:18:19
finished the 00:18:21
five-year plan 00:18:23
remember that many many 00:18:25
people in the government, in the elite 00:18:27
in the Soviet Union 00:18:29
complied to 00:18:31
they argued about Stalin 00:18:33
because they thought 00:18:35
that it was true that Stalin 00:18:37
turned the country into 00:18:39
an industrial force 00:18:41
a military force 00:18:43
but many people were sent 00:18:45
to the gulags 00:18:47
and it was the moment when 00:18:49
Stalin chose to avoid 00:18:51
so as to remove 00:18:54
some people in the elite 00:18:56
that they were 00:18:58
answering the power to Stalin 00:19:00
it was the moment when Stalin 00:19:02
began the purchase 00:19:04
against some generals 00:19:06
some spies 00:19:08
in the West because Stalin 00:19:10
didn't trust them 00:19:12
he thought that they were living in the West 00:19:14
and 00:19:16
they were 00:19:18
instead of being spies 00:19:20
for the Soviet Union they were collaborating 00:19:22
they were dealing with their 00:19:24
enemies and that's why 00:19:26
the army 00:19:28
the Soviet army wasn't in its 00:19:30
perfect state because Stalin 00:19:32
sent 00:19:34
some people to the gulags 00:19:36
some important generals 00:19:38
some important members 00:19:40
of the intelligence 00:19:42
the most 00:19:44
brilliant generals 00:19:46
were sent to the gulags 00:19:48
before the Barbarossa operation 00:19:50
I would say that in 1940 00:19:54
1941 00:19:56
1941 00:19:58
the Soviet army 00:20:00
wasn't in its perfect state 00:20:02
they began to recover 00:20:04
at the end of 1941 00:20:06
and actually 00:20:08
I will give you another example 00:20:10
the Soviet Union 00:20:12
had an important defeat 00:20:14
against the Finns 00:20:16
in 1941 00:20:19
1941 00:20:21
which was a perfect example 00:20:23
about the 00:20:25
situation 00:20:27
of the Soviet army 00:20:29
before the Barbarossa operation 00:20:31
and Stalin 00:20:33
Stalin 00:20:35
received many many warnings 00:20:37
about the invasion 00:20:39
of Hitler and the Germans 00:20:41
over the Soviet Union but to be honest 00:20:43
Stalin didn't trust them 00:20:45
he didn't trust 00:20:47
the information from the 00:20:49
UK and from the United States 00:20:51
when they 00:20:53
informed Stalin that 00:20:55
Hitler was planning to invade 00:20:57
the Soviet Union because 00:20:59
Stalin 00:21:01
trusted Hitler 00:21:03
he thought that he had a treaty with Hitler 00:21:05
and he thought that Hitler 00:21:07
would respect 00:21:09
this treaty but it wasn't 00:21:11
so for this 00:21:15
reason 00:21:17
the Soviet Union didn't 00:21:19
mobilize their troops 00:21:21
before the Barbarossa 00:21:23
operation 00:21:25
it was a complete surprise for them 00:21:27
and Hitler 00:21:31
also now I'm going to 00:21:33
explain the campaign 00:21:35
Hitler knew about 00:21:37
the Napoleon failure 00:21:39
in 1812 00:21:41
Napoleon 00:21:44
directly 00:21:46
launched a campaign 00:21:48
from Esmolens to Moscow 00:21:50
Hitler knew about 00:21:52
Napoleon's failure and that's why 00:21:54
Hitler 00:21:56
sent his troops 00:21:58
in three 00:22:00
different columns 00:22:02
one to Moscow obviously 00:22:04
to conquer the capital 00:22:06
another to Leningrad 00:22:08
to control 00:22:10
the Baltic countries 00:22:12
you know that Finland 00:22:14
above all Sweden was really 00:22:16
important for Germany 00:22:18
the oil and the steel from Sweden 00:22:20
and also 00:22:22
Hitler sent another column 00:22:24
to the Ukraine to get 00:22:26
basically 00:22:28
wheat 00:22:30
because the Ukraine was the breadbasket 00:22:32
in Europe 00:22:34
but in summer 00:22:36
during the summer of 1941 00:22:38
Hitler had several 00:22:40
problems 00:22:42
there were some cracks 00:22:44
in the summer of 1941 00:22:46
because the advance 00:22:48
the German advance 00:22:50
was slowing in the 00:22:52
summer of 1941 00:22:54
Alejandro tell me 00:22:56
when was the Barbarossa 00:22:58
operation launched? 00:23:00
in June 1941 00:23:02
and very soon in August 00:23:04
the Germans had 00:23:06
some problems 00:23:09
I would say that 00:23:11
the advance was slowing 00:23:13
in August 00:23:17
for several reasons 00:23:19
first of all because 00:23:21
they ran out of oil 00:23:23
very very soon 00:23:25
they advanced very very quickly 00:23:27
but they ran out of oil 00:23:29
they ran out of petrol 00:23:31
and also because the Germans 00:23:33
had some 00:23:35
high casualties 00:23:37
because when it was true that 00:23:39
the Soviet Union wasn't prepared 00:23:41
they were not in their perfect 00:23:43
shape for this campaign 00:23:45
but 00:23:47
the Red Army 00:23:49
I'm explaining the third reason 00:23:51
had no sign of collapse 00:23:53
they didn't sign 00:23:55
they didn't have 00:23:57
any sign of collapse 00:23:59
they were fighting very strongly 00:24:01
against the Germans 00:24:03
and the Germans had very very soon 00:24:05
high casualties 00:24:07
and it was the moment 00:24:11
when Hitler 00:24:13
made in August 00:24:15
two important mistakes 00:24:17
two important mistakes 00:24:21
that is going to 00:24:23
explain the failure of Hitler 00:24:25
in the invasion 00:24:27
of the Soviet Union 00:24:29
so we are in August 1941 00:24:31
and it was the moment when Hitler 00:24:33
had two important mistakes 00:24:35
actually 00:24:37
the German forces were 00:24:39
in Smolensk 00:24:41
Smolensk in August 00:24:43
they were very close to Moscow 00:24:45
only 00:24:47
360 km 00:24:49
from Moscow 00:24:51
Hitler was about to conquer Moscow 00:24:53
but he had two 00:24:55
important mistakes 00:24:57
basically 00:24:59
the German general 00:25:02
said to Hitler 00:25:04
that it was the right moment 00:25:06
to conquer Moscow 00:25:08
but Hitler decided to 00:25:10
change the tactic 00:25:12
and it changed also the course 00:25:14
of history because he had two 00:25:16
important mistakes 00:25:18
so instead of attacking 00:25:20
Moscow 00:25:22
he diverted 00:25:24
he diverted 00:25:26
he diverted his troops 00:25:28
to the north 00:25:30
so as to conquer Leningrad 00:25:32
because he thought that 00:25:34
the Swedish 00:25:36
route to get 00:25:38
steel was so important for him 00:25:40
and that's why he 00:25:42
diverted his troops 00:25:44
from the center 00:25:46
to the north 00:25:48
to conquer Leningrad 00:25:50
because he thought that 00:25:52
from Leningrad he could 00:25:54
control, he might 00:25:56
control the 00:25:58
Baltic states 00:26:00
and also he made another 00:26:02
mistake, really important 00:26:04
from the center 00:26:06
he weakened the center 00:26:08
he weakened the center 00:26:10
and he sent 00:26:12
another column to the Ukraine 00:26:14
to get 00:26:16
to get food 00:26:18
to get 00:26:20
cereals and also oil 00:26:22
and 00:26:25
what was the consequence 00:26:27
of that? 00:26:29
when he diverted troops 00:26:31
to the north and also to the south 00:26:33
it was true that he 00:26:35
lost time, he lost 00:26:37
important time 00:26:39
he lost important time 00:26:41
this is the moment when he moved 00:26:43
the troops to the north and to the south 00:26:45
a small land close 00:26:47
to Moscow 00:26:49
he lost time and this time 00:26:51
was really important because the Germans 00:26:53
lost time 00:26:55
and very very quickly the weather 00:26:57
in Russia 00:26:59
changed 00:27:01
the weather in the Soviet Union changed 00:27:03
because the mud 00:27:05
in autumn appeared 00:27:07
and also very very soon 00:27:09
there's snow in 00:27:11
winter 00:27:13
there was a moment when Hitler 00:27:15
might conquer 00:27:17
Moscow during 00:27:19
the summer but 00:27:21
with this historical decision 00:27:23
he lost time and very very soon 00:27:25
the weather in Russia you know that is 00:27:27
terrible terrible 00:27:29
and very very soon the mud appeared 00:27:31
in autumn and the snow in winter 00:27:33
okay 00:27:35
and 00:27:37
yes Elena 00:27:39
so I've got a 00:27:41
question, you said that he sent 00:27:43
troops to three 00:27:45
different places which were the Baltic States 00:27:47
Ukraine and another one 00:27:50
which was it? 00:27:52
it was Moscow but 00:27:54
he weakened the center 00:27:56
he was close to Moscow 00:27:58
but he wasn't able to 00:28:00
conquer definitely Moscow 00:28:02
why? because the mud 00:28:04
appeared very very soon in the autumn 00:28:06
we were in the autumn 00:28:08
so I mean in September 00:28:10
it appeared very very soon the mud 00:28:12
the rainfall 00:28:14
appeared in Moscow 00:28:16
and they turned the roads into quagmires 00:28:18
and 00:28:24
the German tanks 00:28:26
were not able to advance 00:28:28
thank you 00:28:30
so what happened 00:28:32
next? 00:28:34
we were talking about the mistakes 00:28:36
the terrible conditions 00:28:38
yes yes ask me 00:28:40
okay so 00:28:42
it's just to make sure that I've got it correct 00:28:44
so we've said that in summer 00:28:46
they didn't advance to these 00:28:48
three cities 00:28:50
they tried 00:28:52
and then it was in August 00:28:54
when he made the two mistakes, right? 00:28:56
yes, correct 00:28:58
in September it was when the mud 00:29:00
the rainfall appeared 00:29:02
and in October it was 00:29:04
when it began to snow 00:29:06
okay great 00:29:08
thanks 00:29:10
great 00:29:12
what happened next? 00:29:15
so the Germans 00:29:17
it was true that they were close 00:29:19
to Moscow I would say 00:29:21
in October 00:29:23
and in November 00:29:25
but 00:29:27
in November 00:29:29
the weather conditions were terrible 00:29:31
they were terrible because it was 00:29:33
the coldest winter 00:29:35
basically 00:29:37
in the 00:29:39
I don't know if I'm correct but 00:29:41
it was one of the coldest years 00:29:43
in history in the 20th century 00:29:45
so it was 00:29:47
extremely cold 00:29:49
temperatures went to 00:29:51
minus 25 to 00:29:53
minus 40 00:29:55
and the Germans 00:29:57
were not ready 00:29:59
they didn't have the proper clothes 00:30:01
and also the oil 00:30:03
the German oil 00:30:05
was pretty bad 00:30:07
the Soviet Union had better oil 00:30:09
they were ready for these temperatures 00:30:11
the Germans 00:30:13
had a lack of antifreeze 00:30:15
anticongelante 00:30:17
antifreeze 00:30:19
but they were not ready for this campaign 00:30:21
basically and they made the same 00:30:23
mistakes as Napoleon did 00:30:25
and 00:30:27
we are going to see this 00:30:29
in the battle of Moscow 00:30:31
in December in 1941 00:30:33
it was the beginning of the battle 00:30:35
of Moscow 00:30:37
as I said before 00:30:40
Hitler was close to Moscow 00:30:42
and in December it was 00:30:44
the beginning of the battle 00:30:46
of Moscow 00:30:48
the weather conditions were terrible 00:30:50
the Germans were not ready 00:30:52
they didn't have the right clothes 00:30:54
and by contrast 00:30:56
the Soviet Union 00:30:58
the Red Army was 00:31:00
completely ready 00:31:02
because they had their forces in 00:31:04
Siberia and it was really good 00:31:06
I had a question from Alejandro before 00:31:08
because it was the moment 00:31:10
the Soviet Union knew 00:31:12
that the Japanese wouldn't attack 00:31:14
the Soviet Union 00:31:16
they moved their troops 00:31:18
from Siberia 00:31:20
to Moscow 00:31:22
and these troops were completely 00:31:24
ready for 00:31:26
this campaign to fight against the Germans 00:31:28
they had the right clothes 00:31:30
the right weaponry 00:31:32
they were really well trained 00:31:34
they were well trained 00:31:36
for this 00:31:38
war, for this winter 00:31:40
warfare 00:31:42
and 00:31:44
the Soviet Union 00:31:46
prepared in December a massive 00:31:48
massive 00:31:50
force 00:31:52
close to Moscow 00:31:54
and the Germans didn't knew about it 00:31:56
so basically 00:31:58
as I said before 00:32:00
the Soviet Union moved their troops from Siberia 00:32:02
to Moscow 00:32:05
they trained a massive force 00:32:07
in Moscow 00:32:09
it was 00:32:11
General Zhukov 00:32:13
who was in charge 00:32:15
of this army 00:32:17
I'm going to write it down for you 00:32:19
Zhukov 00:32:21
it appears here on the map 00:32:23
but I don't know if you can see it 00:32:25
Zhukov 00:32:27
was the general who prepared this massive 00:32:29
force 00:32:31
to fight in Moscow against the Germans 00:32:33
so the situation 00:32:35
was pretty bad for the Germans 00:32:37
because they were fighting 00:32:39
close to Moscow 00:32:41
and at the end of December 00:32:43
when temperatures 00:32:45
went to minus 00:32:47
General Zhukov 00:32:51
launched 00:32:53
as you can see here 00:32:55
a massive counterattack 00:32:57
against the Germans 00:32:59
the Germans were 00:33:01
overwhelmed 00:33:03
according to the sources at that time 00:33:05
they 00:33:07
they 00:33:09
couldn't 00:33:11
think about the amount 00:33:13
Soviet forces which were 00:33:17
launched by General Zhukov 00:33:19
they were overwhelmed 00:33:21
and they lost the battle 00:33:23
the battle of Moscow 00:33:25
the Germans lost the battle 00:33:27
of Moscow 00:33:30
and actually the Red Army 00:33:32
as I wrote here 00:33:34
recaptured the territory that they had lost 00:33:36
from the beginning of 00:33:38
the Barbarossa operation 00:33:40
so write it down 00:33:42
after the battle of Moscow 00:33:44
was complete failure 00:33:46
for the Germans 00:33:48
and the Red Army by contrast 00:33:50
recaptured the territory 00:33:52
that the 00:33:54
Soviet Union had 00:33:56
lost from the beginning 00:33:58
of the Barbarossa 00:34:00
Barbarossa operation 00:34:02
all of this happened 00:34:06
at the end of December 00:34:08
in 1941 00:34:10
and at the beginning of January 00:34:12
in 1942 00:34:14
and it was 00:34:16
I would say that it was a huge 00:34:18
turning point in this war 00:34:20
some 00:34:22
historians said that the turning point 00:34:24
for the 00:34:26
Axis and for the Allies 00:34:28
began in 1942 00:34:30
I would say that it started 00:34:32
at the end of 1941 00:34:34
or the failure 00:34:36
of the Barbarossa operation 00:34:38
we have several 00:34:40
questions Antonio we are about to finish 00:34:42
Antonio 00:34:44
Did they attack 00:34:48
Moscow indeed 00:34:50
or just was a 00:34:52
sorry I didn't hear the first part Antonio 00:34:55
like 00:34:57
you said that 00:34:59
it was a failure the Moscow attack 00:35:01
but they didn't 00:35:03
attack it right 00:35:05
yes yes yes 00:35:07
they were 00:35:09
close to Moscow they were 00:35:11
they 00:35:13
reached up to 00:35:15
60 kilometers 00:35:17
I'm talking from my memory 00:35:19
now but the Germans 00:35:21
they were close to 00:35:23
Moscow around 60 kilometers 00:35:25
and it was a moment when the battle 00:35:27
took place 00:35:29
in October 00:35:31
it began the rainfall 00:35:33
in December the snow 00:35:35
and at the end of November they were close 00:35:37
to 60 kilometers to Moscow 00:35:39
and it was when the battle 00:35:41
took place 00:35:43
but they didn't reach the city 00:35:45
they 00:35:47
reached the 00:35:49
outskirts of Moscow 00:35:51
and they fight in the outskirts 00:35:53
of Moscow 00:35:55
yes 00:35:57
first Alejandro 00:35:59
what I wanted to ask 00:36:05
is that 00:36:07
during 00:36:09
September if 00:36:11
I'm not mistaken 00:36:13
it started 00:36:15
the evening 00:36:17
I actually don't know how to say that 00:36:19
in English 00:36:21
and it 00:36:23
lasted until 1944 00:36:25
right? 00:36:27
exactly until 1944 00:36:29
so what happened 00:36:31
were they 00:36:33
defeated by 00:36:35
the Red Army after this 00:36:37
attack 00:36:39
after the battle of 00:36:41
Moscow or 00:36:43
what happened? 00:36:45
really good question Alejandro 00:36:48
yes another important siege 00:36:50
was the siege of 00:36:52
Leningrad 00:36:54
remember that Hitler diverted 00:36:56
his troops from the center to the north 00:36:58
and it began 00:37:00
the siege of Leningrad 00:37:02
it was terrible for the Soviet people 00:37:04
for the Russians 00:37:06
because Hitler isolated 00:37:08
the city 00:37:10
the only way to 00:37:12
get resources 00:37:14
for the people in Leningrad 00:37:16
was from the Soviet side 00:37:18
but during 00:37:20
most part of the year 00:37:22
this part 00:37:24
was completely frozen 00:37:26
they couldn't get resources 00:37:28
there were cases of cannibalism 00:37:30
in Leningrad 00:37:32
right? 00:37:34
because Russians couldn't get 00:37:36
resources 00:37:38
and when it began 00:37:40
the spring in 1941 00:37:42
sorry 1942 00:37:44
it was the moment 00:37:46
when thanks to 00:37:48
the resources from 00:37:50
United States and 00:37:52
the UK they got 00:37:54
more food, people in Leningrad 00:37:56
and the situation was better 00:37:58
but the population diminished 00:38:00
a lot during the siege 00:38:02
it was terrible 00:38:04
you read the sources from that moment 00:38:06
but in terms of the 00:38:08
strategic in the battle was less 00:38:10
important than the battle of Moscow 00:38:13
but in terms of the population 00:38:15
it was terrible in the history of Russia 00:38:17
tell me if I'm going too far 00:38:27
but 00:38:29
you said that the Russian army 00:38:31
was ready 00:38:33
but 00:38:35
for example when they 00:38:37
were trying to retake Stalingrad 00:38:39
the soldiers 00:38:41
that were there 00:38:43
only had one weapon for each 00:38:45
soldier so I don't think that's 00:38:47
being ready 00:38:49
yes, no you are not 00:38:51
going too far 00:38:53
I would say yes that the situation 00:38:55
changed for the 00:38:57
Soviet Union step by step 00:38:59
from 1941 00:39:01
to 1942 00:39:03
I said 00:39:05
this in terms of the generals 00:39:07
the generals weren't ready 00:39:09
in 1940 or in 1941 00:39:11
but in 1942 00:39:13
due to the terrible 00:39:15
conditions in Stalingrad 00:39:17
Stalin knew that 00:39:19
he didn't have enough knowledge 00:39:21
to defeat the Germans 00:39:23
and he trusted more 00:39:25
his generals and there was 00:39:27
another generation 00:39:29
who say from the purchase 00:39:31
and General Zhukov 00:39:33
belonged to this generation 00:39:35
and they were the ones who 00:39:38
convinced Stalin to change 00:39:40
tactics and we will see this 00:39:42
in the battle of Stalingrad 00:39:44
and yes you are right 00:39:46
and I would say more 00:39:48
I would say that 00:39:50
if it wasn't 00:39:52
if it wasn't for the help 00:39:54
from the UK and above all 00:39:56
from the United States 00:39:58
it wouldn't be impossible 00:40:00
for Stalin to win 00:40:02
in Stalingrad because due 00:40:04
to the Lend-Lease Treaty 00:40:06
the Soviet Union received 00:40:08
more weapons, more food 00:40:10
from the UK 00:40:12
and from above all 00:40:14
from the United States 00:40:16
and these resources were 00:40:18
key to win in Stalingrad 00:40:20
but we will see that 00:40:22
in the following lessons. 00:40:24
Thank you for the question 00:40:26
we are raising the bar 00:40:28
in this class 00:40:30
you were great 00:40:32
What happened next? 00:40:34
We explained what happened 00:40:36
in the Barbarossa operation 00:40:38
in 1941 and very very quickly 00:40:40
I am going to explain 00:40:42
very very quickly 00:40:44
what happened in Asia 00:40:46
ok? 00:40:48
In Asia 00:40:50
on the Pacific Ocean 00:40:52
Japan 00:40:54
wanted to have some influence 00:40:56
sorry Enrique 00:40:58
Enrique go on 00:41:01
What happened 00:41:03
in Ukraine? 00:41:05
I don't have time 00:41:09
to explain the situation in the Ukraine 00:41:11
but there was a genocide 00:41:13
a genocide because when 00:41:15
Hitler invaded 00:41:17
the Ukraine 00:41:19
some 00:41:21
Ukrainian people fought 00:41:23
against the Soviet Union 00:41:25
and also against the Nazis 00:41:27
because they wanted to get independence 00:41:29
and 00:41:31
it was the moment 00:41:33
when Hitler launched 00:41:35
a huge campaign against the Ukrainians 00:41:37
many many people 00:41:39
died, they suffered from 00:41:41
air starvation 00:41:43
and also it was the moment 00:41:45
when Hitler invaded the Ukraine 00:41:47
it was the moment of the final 00:41:49
solution 00:41:51
when Hitler gave the order 00:41:53
to kill more and more Jews 00:41:55
members of the Jewish community 00:41:57
so it was terrible 00:41:59
if I explain the situation 00:42:01
in Leningrad which was terrible 00:42:03
the situation in the Ukraine 00:42:05
was also very very tough 00:42:07
if you read the sources from that time 00:42:09
regrettably we don't have time to explain more 00:42:11
but 00:42:13
you have this collection 00:42:15
about, I can't remember the name 00:42:17
the 00:42:19
the wall at war 00:42:21
and if you carry on watching the episodes 00:42:23
you will see the images about what happened 00:42:26
in Leningrad and the Ukraine 00:42:28
and now you have time, you have time, I don't know 00:42:30
you have more subjects 00:42:32
so what happened 00:42:34
no problem 00:42:36
Enrique, thank you for your question 00:42:38
so what happened in 00:42:40
Asia, in Asia 00:42:42
Japan wanted to increase 00:42:44
its influence 00:42:46
he wanted 00:42:48
to be the first 00:42:50
country in Asia 00:42:52
they wanted to create an empire 00:42:54
you know that they invaded Manchuria 00:42:56
in 1932 00:42:58
but from 1931 00:43:00
to 1932 00:43:02
they invaded China in 1937 00:43:04
and what was the situation 00:43:08
in 1941 00:43:10
as I said before, Japan 00:43:12
wanted to increase even more 00:43:14
its influence in Asia 00:43:16
and the United States 00:43:18
was against this 00:43:20
idea because the United States 00:43:22
had several businesses 00:43:24
in China 00:43:26
and they wanted to keep the free trade 00:43:28
in China 00:43:30
and in July 00:43:32
the situation was 00:43:34
even worse for the United States 00:43:36
in Asia 00:43:38
I would say that Japan and the United States 00:43:40
were the rivals in Asia 00:43:42
the situation 00:43:44
was even worse 00:43:46
in July because they 00:43:48
the United States invaded 00:43:51
Indochina 00:43:53
and when Japan 00:43:55
invaded Indochina 00:43:57
in July, what is now Vietnam 00:43:59
Laos, Cambodia 00:44:01
it was the last straw 00:44:03
it was the last straw 00:44:07
for President 00:44:09
Roosevelt in the United States 00:44:11
when Japan invaded 00:44:13
Indochina, it was the moment 00:44:15
when Roosevelt ordered 00:44:17
an embargo 00:44:19
he cut off 00:44:21
80% of the 00:44:23
oil and steel 00:44:25
he cut off 00:44:29
these resources 00:44:31
for Japan 00:44:33
80% of the oil and steel 00:44:35
and it was a revolt 00:44:37
for Japan because the Japanese 00:44:39
knew that without this oil 00:44:41
and steel 00:44:43
they 00:44:45
couldn't carry on 00:44:47
fighting in this war 00:44:49
without these important 00:44:53
resources, key resources 00:44:55
the Japanese were not 00:44:57
able to carry on fighting 00:44:59
in this war 00:45:01
when President Roosevelt 00:45:05
ordered the embargo 00:45:07
we are here, he explained that the causes 00:45:09
were China, Indochina 00:45:11
and also the embargo 00:45:13
which was ordered by 00:45:16
President Roosevelt in the United States 00:45:18
so when President Roosevelt 00:45:20
ordered the embargo 00:45:22
the most important 00:45:24
general in the Japanese forces 00:45:26
Yamamoto 00:45:28
Yamamoto 00:45:30
thought that the only 00:45:32
possibility for Japan to win 00:45:34
this war was 00:45:36
to have a short 00:45:38
war 00:45:40
Yamamoto knew that if the 00:45:42
war would last 00:45:44
more than six months 00:45:46
or more than one year 00:45:48
Japan 00:45:50
wouldn't win this war 00:45:52
and in order to 00:45:54
have a short war 00:45:56
Yamamoto 00:45:58
planned the attack 00:46:00
over Pearl Harbor 00:46:02
okay 00:46:04
in December 00:46:06
in December in 1941 00:46:08
we are at 00:46:10
the end of 1941 00:46:12
it was the moment when the Japanese 00:46:14
bombed the 00:46:16
US fleet in Pearl Harbor 00:46:18
Alejandro tell me 00:46:20
you can answer 00:46:22
it later, you can finish 00:46:24
in December 00:46:26
in 1941 it was the moment when 00:46:28
Yamamoto ordered the 00:46:30
attack over Pearl Harbor 00:46:32
against the US fleet 00:46:34
pay attention because in only one hour 00:46:36
in only one hour 00:46:38
exactly 00:46:41
the Japanese destroyed 00:46:43
four battleships 00:46:45
there were 00:46:47
around 2,000 00:46:49
deaths among the American forces 00:46:51
this is the moment of the 00:46:53
attack, I don't know if you can appreciate 00:46:55
the Japanese 00:46:57
planes when 00:46:59
they were attacking the 00:47:01
battleships which were in 00:47:03
the port of Pearl Harbor 00:47:05
but to be honest 00:47:07
to be honest 00:47:09
it was true that 00:47:11
2,000 people 00:47:13
American people died and it was 00:47:15
another turning point for the 00:47:17
United States, it was when they 00:47:19
decided to join the war 00:47:21
but this attack 00:47:23
wasn't decisive 00:47:25
in the war, this is really important 00:47:27
to point out 00:47:29
this attack strategically 00:47:31
wasn't decisive in the war 00:47:33
why? because 00:47:35
at the moment of the attack 00:47:37
from the 7th 00:47:39
to the 8th of December in 00:47:41
1941 00:47:43
at the moment of the attack 00:47:45
there were 00:47:47
not 00:47:49
aircraft carriers 00:47:51
portaviones in the port 00:47:53
of Pearl Harbor 00:47:55
they were in another place 00:47:57
they were destroyed 00:47:59
and the American forces 00:48:01
the American fleet 00:48:03
used these 00:48:05
important key aircraft 00:48:07
carriers, portaviones 00:48:09
in other battles 00:48:11
on the Pacific Ocean 00:48:13
and the Americans 00:48:15
regained the initiative very 00:48:17
very soon 00:48:19
so it was true that Pearl 00:48:21
Harbor was the moment, the turning 00:48:23
point that the American forces joined 00:48:25
the war but it wasn't decisive 00:48:27
because the 00:48:29
Americans 00:48:31
the United States 00:48:34
fleet recovered 00:48:36
very very soon and they regained 00:48:38
the initiative on the Pacific Ocean 00:48:40
as a conclusion 00:48:42
that I will say that 00:48:44
1941 was the turning 00:48:46
point in this war 00:48:48
Autor/es:
Luis Horrillo Sánchez
Subido por:
Luis H.
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
20
Fecha:
5 de mayo de 2023 - 9:31
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES CERVANTES
Duración:
48′ 50″
Relación de aspecto:
17:9 Es más ancho pero igual de alto que 16:9 (1.77:1). Se utiliza en algunas resoluciones, como por ejemplo: 2K, 4K y 8K.
Resolución:
1860x980 píxeles
Tamaño:
1.56

Del mismo autor…

Ver más del mismo autor

EducaMadrid, Plataforma Educativa de la Comunidad de Madrid

Plataforma Educativa EducaMadrid