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The Viking Project

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Subido el 28 de mayo de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment describing the first mission to land a spacecraft safely on the surface of another planet.

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In the early days of the space program, many at NASA dreamed of extending our reach outside 00:00:00
of the boundaries of Earth. 00:00:10
One dream in particular was to send a spacecraft to another planet to determine if life existed 00:00:12
beyond Earth. 00:00:16
This is where the idea for the Viking mission was developed. 00:00:18
This extraordinary mission was not only designed to land on the surface of Mars to do basic 00:00:21
research but to also perform scientific experiments to search for life on the Red Planet. 00:00:25
Planning for the Viking project began on November 15, 1968, but the actual missions didn't launch 00:00:32
until August and September of 1975 due to the complexity and challenge of the project. 00:00:38
The mission included two identical spacecraft, each consisting of a planetary lander and 00:00:44
an orbiter. 00:00:48
Their primary mission objectives were to obtain high-resolution images of Mars, determine 00:00:49
the composition of the Martian atmosphere and surface, and most importantly, to conclude 00:00:54
if life existed. 00:00:59
In the summer of 1976, both Viking spacecrafts arrived at their destination. 00:01:01
As they eased into orbit, onboard cameras began scanning for potential landing sites. 00:01:06
After a favorable landing location was chosen, each lander separated and descended to the 00:01:11
planet's surface. 00:01:16
The landers touched down over 4,300 miles away from each other, making history by becoming 00:01:17
the first mission to land spacecraft safely on the surface of another planet. 00:01:23
Well, when we landed on Mars, I was quite jubilant, especially jubilant when I knew 00:01:27
after the second landing that we had two relatively successful landers. 00:01:33
In fact, the experiments on both landers worked beautifully. 00:01:37
Before the Viking mission was ever launched, many people thought Mars might harbor abundant 00:01:42
plant life and microbes living among its rust-colored rocks, but the two landers quickly dispelled 00:01:46
these notions. 00:01:51
The landers revealed a world seemingly devoid of life at all. 00:01:52
In an attempt to conclusively prove or disprove life on Mars, the two landers conducted three 00:01:56
biology experiments by remote control from Earth. 00:02:01
One of the experiments, called the Labeled Release Life Detection Experiment, collected 00:02:04
soil samples that showed signs of possible microbes, but the consensus of scientists 00:02:08
interpreting the data believed that the findings did not prove that life existed on Mars. 00:02:13
We guaranteed it for 90 days, three months, and I think the lander landed and operated 00:02:18
successfully for about six years, which was quite a surprise to me because I was familiar 00:02:24
with the failure rates of parts, and it turns out that once a few failed, as they did on 00:02:30
the way to Mars, when we got to the surface, we were relatively lucky and had very few 00:02:36
failures thereafter. 00:02:41
Together, the two landers accumulated 4,500 up-close images of the Martian surface. 00:02:43
They also collected more than 3 million weather-related measurements, including the first on-site 00:02:49
observations of a global Martian dust storm. 00:02:55
The two orbiters circling high above the planet snapped 52,000 images covering 97 percent 00:02:58
of the Martian globe. 00:03:04
I was very thankful that I came to Langley. 00:03:05
Those spacecraft were successful not because of me. 00:03:08
They were successful because we had such a tremendous pool of talent here at the field, 00:03:12
and I hope that can continue into the future. 00:03:18
I believe research ought to go on. 00:03:21
It's the best way to get your money back. 00:03:23
You can't spend too much for research. 00:03:27
The data retrieved from the Viking mission exponentially increased our knowledge of Mars. 00:03:30
Volcanoes, canyons, craters, and evidence of surface water for the first time became 00:03:34
apparent from the orbiter images. 00:03:38
The Viking mission proved to be one of the most successful missions in NASA history, 00:03:41
forever changing our understanding of Mars. 00:03:45
In fact, it's been said that scientists learned more about Mars in the first five minutes 00:03:47
of the Viking mission than in the 500 years before it. 00:03:51
The last data from the Viking 2 lander arrived at Earth on April 11, 1980. 00:03:55
The Viking 1 lander made its final transmission to Earth November 11, 1982. 00:03:59
The total cost of the Viking project? 00:04:04
One billion dollars. 00:04:06
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Idioma/s:
en
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
      • Nivel Intermedio
Autor/es:
NASA LaRC Office of Education
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
477
Fecha:
28 de mayo de 2007 - 17:04
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
NASAs center for distance learning
Duración:
04′ 08″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
24.04 MBytes

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