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Halloween - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 27 de octubre de 2022 por Vanessa M.

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Halloween origins

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Every year millions of people around the country spill into streets dressed as 00:00:00
fairies, goblins, characters from their favorite movie franchise, and everything 00:00:04
in between, partying and making mischief. But outside of a good time, how many know 00:00:08
why they do it? Today Halloween is a billion-dollar industry, but exactly how 00:00:13
did it get there? 00:00:19
While today Halloween is synonymous with commercialism, it wasn't always that way. 00:00:30
The word Halloween comes from the words hollow, meaning holy person, and een, 00:00:35
deriving as a contraction of Eve. And All Hallows' Eve finds its origins all the 00:00:40
way back in the time of the ancient Celtic pagans with the holiday of Samhain, 00:00:44
a three-day fire festival that essentially celebrated death and rebirth. 00:00:48
The Celts, who lived in what is now Ireland, Scotland, the UK, and parts of 00:00:52
northern Europe, based their calendar on the wheel of a year, essentially divided 00:00:56
into two halves, the light and the dark. When one gave way to the other, this 00:01:00
transition was marked by a fire festival. The word Samhain translates in the 00:01:05
modern Irish to summer's end. Samhain celebrated the dead, and particularly the 00:01:10
celebratory feast paid homage to loved ones who had passed away recently, 00:01:15
essentially as an invitation for their spirits to rejoin the living. Many of 00:01:19
Samhain's original rituals have been lost, but what we do know of their holiday 00:01:24
traditions from Celtic folklore and ancient Roman historians is that they 00:01:28
were intended to connect them to spirits, including costumes, most likely animal or 00:01:32
furs to help them hide from the unfriendly ones, feasting, and making 00:01:36
lanterns from hollowed-out gourds, seemingly the birth of the modern pumpkin 00:01:39
jack-o'-lantern. Sacrifices, generally of crops or animals, were made during this 00:01:43
time as an offering to the spirits. It was popular for tricks or pranks to be 00:01:48
played by humans and blamed on mischievous spirits. As a result of the 00:01:53
Roman invasion, with most of the Celtic land being conquered by Rome in 43 CE, 00:02:02
the spread of Christianity and Catholicism would force pagan Celtic 00:02:06
traditions to evolve or be completely repressed. In part, many Celtic traditions 00:02:10
and popular pagan practices were reframed to fit within a Christian 00:02:15
narrative as a way of converting people with greater comfort and ease. Samhain 00:02:19
would evolve into All Saints Day, which was also referred to as All Hallows Day, 00:02:23
and was intended to be a day to celebrate the Christian saints and 00:02:27
martyrs. Essentially, instead of honoring pagan gods and mischievous spirits, they 00:02:30
now celebrated Christian figures. While the sacrifices were replaced by food 00:02:34
offerings to the poor, the tricks and pranks continued, but instead they were 00:02:39
now attributed to the spirits of the saints. Halloween evolved as a more 00:02:43
secular version of All Hallows Eve, and eventually it would become more popular 00:02:47
in common practice than All Saints Day. While Halloween has its origins in the 00:02:52
British Isles, there's a great disparity in its popularity in former British 00:02:58
colonies. The Puritans who came to colonize America were Protestant and did 00:03:02
not celebrate holidays of the Catholic Church, as they were believed to lead to 00:03:06
idolatry. In the early days of the American colonies, celebrations of 00:03:10
Halloweens were mostly forbidden, as they were deemed too pagan or too Catholic by 00:03:15
the Protestant colonizers, though elements of it began to incorporate into 00:03:19
secular harvest-related events in the 1800s. The mid-19th century saw a large 00:03:23
influx of immigrants entering the country, especially Irish immigrants who 00:03:28
were greatly impacted by the potato famine. With these people came Halloween 00:03:32
customs, out of which one of America's favorite holidays was formed. In keeping 00:03:36
with the mischief, children would dress in costumes and be given money or fruit 00:03:42
for artistic offerings like poetry, songs, or even jokes instead of prayers. 00:03:46
By the late 19th century, children were playing seemingly innocuous pranks on 00:03:50
their small local communities. Adults would soon find incentive to dissuade 00:03:54
children from playing pranks. Enter trick-or-treating. The 20th century would 00:03:58
finally see the commercialization of Halloween. By the 1920s and 30s, Halloween 00:04:03
merchandise evolved to pre-made costumes for both children and adults. After 00:04:08
World War II in the 1950s, the economic boom had candy manufacturers getting on 00:04:12
the Halloween bandwagon. Movies and TV are also largely responsible for the 00:04:17
proliferation of Halloween as a mass-market holiday. Cinemas in the 50s 00:04:21
offered scary movie festivals, and in the 60s, the new television industry began 00:04:26
running Halloween specials during Halloween season. By 2015, the National 00:04:31
Retail Federation predicted spending on Halloween could reach 6.9 billion 00:04:37
dollars. Whether you believe that we've lost the meaning or not, Halloween has 00:04:42
since evolved far beyond the days of pagan fire festivals. For more than a 00:04:46
month out of the year, costume stores show up out of nowhere, candy corn and 00:04:49
Halloween themed candies dominate whole aisles of grocery stores, and spooky 00:04:53
shows and movies build out entire TV station schedules. Whether you like it or 00:04:57
not, whether you want to dress up as a gruesome goblin or a sexy cat, or ignore 00:05:01
the holiday altogether, Halloween has stood the test of time and proven itself 00:05:06
as a holiday that's here to stay. 00:05:10
Autor/es:
Vanessa
Subido por:
Vanessa M.
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
12
Fecha:
27 de octubre de 2022 - 17:19
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES MARIE CURIE Loeches
Duración:
05′ 27″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
640x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
14.20 MBytes

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