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Flu pandemic: EU getting ready for global response

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Subido el 6 de agosto de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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Only a coordinated global response will be capable of fighting a pandemic, since viruses know no borders. If the H5N1 virus – originally from birds – comes to mutate and transmit from human to human, it will result in a world-wide pandemic with heavy consequences. Europe drew lessons from SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, which appeared in China and spread very rapidly to other regions of the world, affecting more than 8000 people of whom more than 800 died) and has created the European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC) in Stockholm. Its mission: to be better prepared for future epidemics in order to react more quickly and more efficiently. Utrecht in the Netherlands is home to an ECDC partner called the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS). This network covering 28 countries monitors seasonal flu. Its statistics can point to any unusual seasonal influenza events. Surveillance is all very well but if it is combined with a rapid response it is even better. In Luxembourg, the Early Warning and Response System (EWRS) connects the Member States, the European Commission and the ECDC. Its main mission is the rapid exchange of information on the outbreak of communicable disease. Its second goal is to offer an efficient reaction capability. In order to counter the pandemic’s rapid spread, access to vaccines and antivirals must be facilitated. The European Medicines Agency wants these drugs to become available much more quickly.

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Remember these masks? In 2003, they were synonymous with the presence of SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory 00:00:00
Syndrome, which appeared in China and spread very rapidly to other regions of the world, 00:00:12
affecting more than 8,000 people, of whom more than 800 died. 00:00:18
The SARS case a few years ago showed the public health community around the globe, not only 00:00:23
in Europe, that we should be aware that something happened in China and Vietnam could easily 00:00:29
spread to Europe, to Canada, to the United States. 00:00:35
SARS highlighted the need to strengthen international cooperation to fight transmissible diseases. 00:00:41
Europe drew lessons from that and created the European Centre for Disease Control and 00:00:46
Prevention, the ECDC. This Stockholm-based centre is charged with monitoring the evolution 00:00:50
of transmissible diseases in order to help EU countries to react more quickly and more 00:00:56
efficiently. Today, it's influenza which is the focus of the centre's attention. 00:01:01
If the famous H5N1 virus originating in birds were ever to mutate and become transmissible 00:01:08
from human to human, a worldwide pandemic would break out, with potentially catastrophic 00:01:14
consequences. 00:01:20
You have to notice and realise that hundreds of thousands of human lives and a huge disturbance 00:01:22
of the whole society has occurred, even in a mild pandemic. And we don't know whether 00:01:30
the next one will be a mild or a more severe one, nobody really knows, and nobody really 00:01:36
knows the timing. But we have to get prepared because through the preparation we can save 00:01:41
hundreds of thousands of lives. 00:01:46
This is Utrecht in the Netherlands. It's home to an ECDC partner called the European Influencer 00:01:50
Surveillance Scheme, EISS. Being prepared to fight a pandemic means above all monitoring 00:01:56
seasonal flu. This network covering 28 countries does this and, with its statistics, can point 00:02:02
to any unusual seasonal influenza events. 00:02:09
The main advantage of the current surveillance system is that it's community-based. That 00:02:12
means you're sampling from patients, just the general population, patients who go and 00:02:19
see their general practitioner. So if there is flu out there, a pandemic virus, there's 00:02:26
a high probability that if it's circulating in the population that we will catch it. 00:02:32
For 10 years, the backbone of the EISS' network has been general practitioners across Europe. 00:02:40
More than 12,000 of them monitor their patients and send off data every week, which allows 00:02:48
the EISS to publish a weekly bulletin on its site. 00:02:52
Surveillance is all very well, but if it's combined with a rapid response it's even better. 00:03:00
This is Luxembourg, where a system called EWRS, Early Warning and Response System, connects 00:03:05
the member states, the European Commission and the ECDC. Its main mission is the rapid 00:03:10
exchange of information on the outbreak of communicable disease. Its second one is to 00:03:15
offer an efficient reaction capability. For example... 00:03:20
If there is a threat, immediately we take action. We contact the member states in question, 00:03:26
for example, when there was this Lassa patient discovered in Germany who came from Africa 00:03:33
with a flight via Brussels to Frankfurt. We immediately contact the German and Belgian 00:03:38
authorities and the ECDC in Stockholm. We agreed on what needed to be done. We contacted 00:03:44
the airlines to receive the list of passengers and we organized the tracing of all the patients, 00:03:51
all the passengers in all the member states to care for them appropriately. 00:03:59
Back to Stockholm and the ECDC. Being prepared to withstand a pandemic is not only a question 00:04:06
of monitoring the outbreak of the disease, assembling all the data from each member state, 00:04:11
evaluating the risk of an outbreak and supplying reliable scientific information. It also means 00:04:16
coordinating action on the ground. 00:04:21
If a country decides to adopt such a measure, it mustn't contradict a measure taken in another 00:04:25
country. The preparatory work is really to arrive at a consensus on which approach to 00:04:30
take. 00:04:35
This workshop organized by the ECDC brings together health officials working in health 00:04:40
authorities from EU countries. There are two points on the agenda. The first is the exchange 00:04:44
of best practices in order to improve the preparedness of each of the member states. 00:04:50
If some countries are acting differently, you have to try and understand why are they 00:04:56
acting differently. Is it the best way? Right? So it's better be informed beforehand, try 00:05:01
to see how you could reach some consensus on ways of operation. 00:05:06
The second point is interoperability. Because health measures are decided at national level, 00:05:14
it's important to understand how health decisions taken by one country can affect the others. 00:05:19
The classical example of that is people saying, oh, well, we should shut borders, which is 00:05:26
an idea which is intuitive, but we know will not stop influenza. But we've had countries 00:05:32
who are pointing out that if you shut the border, let's say, for example, around Luxembourg, 00:05:40
health services will stop, because 45% of the people who work in the hospitals in Luxembourg 00:05:45
come from other countries. 00:05:52
The EU countries have pandemic preparation plans for the worst-case scenario, with half 00:05:55
of the population that could fall ill. But they all tackle the same issues. Preparation 00:06:00
of hospitals, information of the population on the best measures to protect themselves, 00:06:06
distribution of antivirals and vaccines. As the crisis may cause major economic disruption, 00:06:11
the plans are very broad. 00:06:17
There's a plan and there's a structure and a framework which takes in all aspects of 00:06:22
society, not just health. In medical terms, I suppose you could use an analogy and say 00:06:26
that rather than treating the disease, we treat the whole person sitting in front of 00:06:33
us. So rather than treating this as a health sector problem, we're treating it as a whole 00:06:38
society problem. 00:06:42
Very rapid access to medicine will be key to contain the outbreak. This is why stocks 00:06:47
of antivirals are being made and efforts undertaken to produce more vaccine doses more quickly. 00:06:53
We've had discussions with our experts so that all of the interested parties are working 00:07:01
together to take the products forward in a speedy way. But one of the most important 00:07:05
issues is to make sure that we have safe, efficacious and good quality products on the 00:07:11
market. 00:07:17
The European Medicines Agency in London is working on shortening the approval periods 00:07:21
for the marketing of vaccines and antivirals. Although this procedure takes 70 days at the 00:07:25
moment, it could be reduced to three days in case of a pandemic. With all these different 00:07:31
instruments and efficient interaction between them, Europe is combining all its forces. 00:07:37
Only a global, coordinated response will be efficient enough to fight a pandemic, because 00:07:42
after all, a virus knows no frontiers. 00:07:47
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Idioma/s:
en
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
      • Nivel Intermedio
Autor/es:
The European Union
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
549
Fecha:
6 de agosto de 2007 - 9:40
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
European Commission
Duración:
07′ 52″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
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