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2.1 The Nasrid kingdom - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 8 de mayo de 2023 por Luis H.

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Okay class, we are here. We explained the late Middle Ages in Europe and today we are going to pay attention to the late Middle Ages in Al-Andalus. 00:00:03
We will review on the third part of the lesson the late Middle Ages in Europe because we have many many exercises to correct, to review about the late Middle Ages in Europe. 00:00:17
So, let's start by looking at the late Middle Ages in Al-Andalus, the beginning of the Narwit 00:00:31
Kingdom, the latest Muslim kingdom, because remember, after the Battle of Navas de Tolosa 00:00:39
in 1212, some Muslims were driven to North Africa, but other Muslims remained, and after 00:00:48
this battle which took place in this area, in the area of Jaén, some Muslims remained and they founded 00:01:01
the Nasrid kingdom, the latest Muslim kingdom. The Nasrid kingdom was the kingdom of Granada 00:01:09
because the rulers in Granada were the Nasrid family. That's why it was called the Nasrid 00:01:20
Kingdom of Granada, because the Narwit family was ruling in Granada at that time. And they ruled 00:01:30
in the Kingdom of Granada, in the Narwit Kingdom, for two more centuries. The Kingdom of Granada 00:01:39
lasted two centuries, from 1238 to 1492. It was incredible because after the Battle of Navas de 00:01:47
Tolosa in 1212, Muslims managed to survive for two more centuries. They managed to survive 00:01:59
in the territories of the Iberian Peninsula for two more centuries, from 1238 up to 1492. 00:02:08
And they survived, we are going to see in this lesson, that they survived for three different 00:02:19
reasons. After the Battle of Navas de Tolosa, Muslims, the Nazareth family, were the founders 00:02:25
of the Kingdom of Granada, survived for three different reasons. By the way, the Kingdom 00:02:34
of Granada at that time was bigger than the city of Granada now. The Kingdom of Granada 00:02:40
at that time included the area of Malaga, Almería and also Granada. So, in the 14th 00:02:49
century the kingdom of the Nazareth kingdom was bigger than now because it included the 00:03:04
area of Malaga, Almería and Granada. And they managed to survive for three different 00:03:12
reasons. Reason 1. They survive due to its geographic location. Why? Because if you pay 00:03:19
attention to the city of Granada, it was surrounded by ranges. The Cordillera Subbética, the Subbetic 00:03:30
Range, the Penibetic Range and Sierra Nevada. So the Narwhal family managed to 00:03:41
survive two centuries and the kingdom lasted two centuries, first of all due to 00:03:51
its geographic location because the city of Granada was surrounded by ranges 00:03:58
which were a natural defensive barrier. It was a natural defensive barrier. 00:04:07
Barrera. Barrier. Actually, this is the city of Granada. We have here the city of 00:04:18
Granada and the city of Granada in its back is protected by the Paisierra Nevada, 00:04:29
by the range in Sierra Nevada which is a natural defensive barrier to protect the 00:04:39
city so if Christians came to conquer Granada it was very very difficult for 00:04:48
them because they had to pass from they had to pass through or they have to pass 00:04:55
alongside three different barriers that's why it was really really 00:05:01
difficult for them, for the Christians, to conquer the latest city, the latest 00:05:07
Muslim city, the city of Granada. This is the first reason. Secondly, the Kingdom of 00:05:12
Granada or the Nasrid Kingdom survived, this is the limits or the borders of the 00:05:22
Kingdom of Granada, which included Malaga, Almeria and Granada, and the rest of the 00:05:29
territory was under the hands of the Christians. It was the latest kingdom, 00:05:38
last kingdom, the natural kingdom. They survived, and I'm going to explain the 00:05:45
second reason, because they had the support from the Muslims who were living in North Africa. 00:05:51
Again, they survived, they managed to survive two more centuries, it was a lot, 00:06:01
two different generations, two different centuries, because they had the support from 00:06:10
the Muslims who were living in North Africa. So for this reason, it was true that the Kingdom 00:06:17
of Granada was surrounded by Christians and they might not trade with them, but it wasn't 00:06:25
a problem for the Muslims. It wasn't a real problem because they could trade with the 00:06:34
Muslims in North Africa. They might receive products from North Africa instead of receiving 00:06:40
products from the rest of the Iberian Peninsula. So it was true that the Christians tend to 00:06:50
isolate Granada in order to conquer Granada, but it wasn't a problem for the Muslims at 00:06:58
that time because they received instead of receiving products from the Iberian 00:07:03
Peninsula they received products products from North Africa they receive 00:07:10
they had trade with North Africa and it was the second reason which explained 00:07:19
why the Nordic Kingdom managed to survive two more centuries they were 00:07:26
very close, as you can see here, they were very close to Ceuta, Melilla, and they could 00:07:32
trade with them. The Muslims were living in North Africa. And also today we are going 00:07:39
to explain the third reason. Why did the Muslims survive two more centuries? Because Castile 00:07:47
and Aragon in the 14th century were in crisis. Why Castile and Aragon were in crisis in the 00:07:54
14th century? They were in crisis, and remember the previous lesson, because Castile took 00:08:04
part in the Hundred Years' War. Castile took part in the Hundred Years' War, the Hundred 00:08:16
Years' War. Castile supported France, so they fought against the British and that's why 00:08:26
there was a crisis in Castile. Castile didn't have enough resources to conquer the latest 00:08:37
Nazareth Kingdom, because they were fighting against the British on the French territory. 00:08:47
Okay? This is the third reason. Castile, I'm going to repeat it again, Castile in the 14th 00:08:54
century was in crisis. Why? Because Castile took part in the Hundred Years' War. They 00:09:03
supported France and they fought for this reason against the British. So as a consequence 00:09:11
of that, Castile didn't have enough money, troops, resources to finally conquer the 00:09:19
Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. And also Aragon. Aragon was in crisis in the 14th century. 00:09:29
Why? Because Aragon conquered a lot of territories in the Mediterranean Sea. 00:09:37
Do you remember that? When Aragon conquered a lot of trading posts in the Mediterranean Sea? So Aragon barely had troops, resources to conquer the natural kingdom of Granada because they needed all of these resources to maintain its position. 00:09:43
in the mediterranean sea that's why the nazi kingdom survived for two more centuries 00:10:13
and also class we need to remember the black death it was the moment of the black death 00:10:24
that's why the whole territory of europe was in crisis they were doing quarantines 00:10:30
and they were not 00:10:36
ready to fight against the Muslims 00:10:39
it was another reason 00:10:41
Can you repeat the 00:10:45
Aragon? 00:10:48
Yes, Aragon 00:10:49
didn't have enough resources 00:10:51
because the Aragonese 00:10:53
people needed these resources 00:10:56
for the Mediterranean Sea 00:10:58
because remember 00:11:00
they had a lot of colonies 00:11:02
in the Mediterranean Sea 00:11:04
They needed this money, troops, materials, products, for the Mediterranean Sea, not to conquer the Madrid Kingdom of Granada. 00:11:06
And it was also the second reason. The second reason was the Black Death. 00:11:16
As they were doing quarantines, as they were fighting against the virus, they were not ready to conquer the Madrid Kingdom of Granada. 00:11:22
And also, we need to remember the famine in the 14th century. 00:11:38
It was a moment of huge crisis because they had famines, they lost the harvest, they lost the crops. 00:11:44
So they didn't have enough resources, food, money to conquer the latest kingdom. 00:11:54
So, as a consequence of that, we are about to finish, Muslims took advantage of that situation. 00:12:00
Muslims knew that the situation among Christians, Muslims knew about the situation among Christians, 00:12:12
Muslims knew about the situation among Christians, and for this reason, 00:12:22
They used the diplomacy to maintain its territory for two more centuries. 00:12:31
Muslims took advantage of this situation, 00:12:46
they took advantage among Christians, 00:12:50
and they used the diplomacy to keep their properties, 00:12:53
to keep their territories for two more centuries. 00:12:59
They, instead of fighting against Christians, they used the diplomacy, the 00:13:04
negotiations, they compromised. They compromised with the Christians. 00:13:12
I'm going to write it down for you this verb. They compromised or they reached a 00:13:19
commitment, un compromiso. They compromised with the Christians, they 00:13:26
reach a commitment with the Christians and in order to keep the peace in the 00:13:34
Muslim territory, in the Nasrid Kingdom, they paid taxes to the Christians. They 00:13:41
paid paryas or taxes to the Christians. So Muslims used the diplomacy to 00:13:48
maintain the peace. And for this reason they paid taxes, paryas, to the Christians in order to 00:13:56
maintain the peace and in order to maintain the territory. And the Christians accepted these taxes 00:14:08
or paryas because they needed money. They were in need. Estaban en necesidad. They were in need 00:14:16
because Christians needed this money due to the Hundred Years' War, 00:14:24
due to the Black Death, and due to the famine. 00:14:32
That's why Candela. 00:14:37
So the taxes were paid by the Muslims to the Christians? 00:14:39
Exactly. 00:14:43
Exactly. 00:14:43
Muslims paid the taxes or parias. 00:14:44
It was the same. 00:14:49
Muslims paid the taxes or the parias to the Christians 00:14:50
in order to survive two more centuries because Muslims knew that the Christians 00:14:54
were in crisis, they were in need, en necesidad. 00:15:01
Okay, thank you. 00:15:04
And that's the consequence. 00:15:07
We explained today why the Nazareth Kingdom of Granada survived two more centuries. 00:15:09
It was true that there were a lot of rivalries. 00:15:18
As a consequence, I'm explaining for you the conclusion. 00:15:23
It was true, we need to explain one conclusion. 00:15:28
It was true that inside of the native kingdom of Granada there were a lot of rivalries. 00:15:34
It was an unstable period in politics, unstable in politics because there were a lot of families 00:15:42
also inside of the Nazirite family and all of them were fighting each other for the power. 00:15:53
There were many, many power struggles inside the Nazirite family. 00:16:00
So I would say that in terms of politics, it was a pretty unstable period. 00:16:10
But in terms of the economy class, it was a really good moment for the Muslims. 00:16:16
because they got many, many products from the Silk Road, from the Sahara Desert. 00:16:23
And that's why the Muslims managed to survive 00:16:34
because with all of these resources, they developed agriculture, for example. 00:16:38
They developed trade and they got money to pay taxes to the Christians, 00:16:44
paryas to the Christians. 00:16:53
It was the key moment, it was the key explanation that they explained finally why did they manage to survive two more centuries. 00:16:55
And with all of this money, class, they built Muslims who remained in the Nazareth Kingdom, they built the famous royal palace of the Alhambra. 00:17:09
but I will explain the Alhambra on the following class 00:17:23
because we have many, many exercises to correct. 00:17:28
Maria. 00:17:31
The Castilians and Castilians had a social and economic crisis. 00:17:37
So the Muslims decided to take advantage. 00:17:45
and made a treaty 00:17:52
yes with the Christians 00:17:54
with the Castilians and the Aragonese 00:17:58
and the treaty 00:18:00
was called 00:18:02
it was 00:18:03
it wasn't a treaty 00:18:05
it was 00:18:07
they reached a commitment 00:18:08
they reached a compromise 00:18:10
they didn't sign 00:18:13
a specific document 00:18:15
they didn't sign a specific document 00:18:16
they didn't sign a treaty 00:18:19
but 00:18:21
But we will say that they reached the status quo, el equilibrio, because Christians needed money and the Muslims needed peace. 00:18:22
So Muslims said to the Christians, we are going to give you various taxes in order, in exchange for peace. 00:18:39
And the Christians accepted. That's why they didn't conquer the Nazarite kingdom up to World Year. 00:18:47
When was the moment when finally Christians in the year 1492, it was the year of the Catholic kings, 00:18:57
when Isabella and Ferdinand from Aragon got married. 00:19:09
They got married before. 00:19:18
But this year, in 1492, 00:19:21
it was the moment when Isabel from Castile 00:19:23
and Fernando from Aragon 00:19:27
decided to conquer the Muslim, 00:19:29
the Nari kingdom of Granada 00:19:33
or the Muslim kingdom of Granada. 00:19:35
And the reconquest ended, and the reconquest ended because the Christians, because Christians 00:19:37
conquered finally the whole territory in the Iberian Peninsula. 00:19:48
We were analyzing in this year, we have explained, we have explained many, many lessons explaining 00:19:57
the reconquest and finally we have ended this process. 00:20:04
It finished in the year 1492. 00:20:09
And on the following class, I will explain the Alhambra, because if not, it's too much 00:20:16
for today. 00:20:20
We are going to start in a smooth way. 00:20:21
Okay, did you understand everything? 00:20:24
It was clear so far? 00:20:29
Was it clear so far? 00:20:34
Yes? 00:20:35
You understand everything? 00:20:36
Great. 00:20:37
Autor/es:
Luis Horrillo Sánchez
Subido por:
Luis H.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
27
Fecha:
8 de mayo de 2023 - 20:27
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES CERVANTES
Duración:
20′ 38″
Relación de aspecto:
17:9 Es más ancho pero igual de alto que 16:9 (1.77:1). Se utiliza en algunas resoluciones, como por ejemplo: 2K, 4K y 8K.
Resolución:
1854x976 píxeles
Tamaño:
574.73 MBytes

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