Activa JavaScript para disfrutar de los vídeos de la Mediateca.
3. The political systems
Ajuste de pantallaEl ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:
In this video we are going to talk about the epigraph 3 of this unit, we are going to talk about the political system in the 17th century.
00:00:00
You'll see that there are going to be two political systems, but one is going to be the main, the most important one, the most frequent in Europe.
00:00:10
So, you are going to see that the first one, the first that is most frequent in Europe is related with the king, is related with absolute monarch, the absolute monarchy, it means that the king is going to have an absolute power.
00:00:20
Remember, in the 15th century, the king, the kings, the queen and the queens were fighting in order to control the nobility, in order to establish the authoritarian monarchy.
00:00:36
It means a monarchy where the monarch is going to have most of the power that and it's going to be able to have civil servants and to collect taxes.
00:00:48
so what we are going to see in the 17th century is that is that this
00:01:02
authoritarian monarchy is going to turn into an absolute monarchy it means the
00:01:05
king and the queen is going to have even more power they are supposed to have an
00:01:10
absolute power that's why we are going to call this political system absolute
00:01:14
monarchy or absolutism because the power is absolute it means unlimited okay so
00:01:20
So let's see the first one, let's see the absolute monarchy.
00:01:27
So the thing is, in the early modern age, we are talking about the 17th century, remember
00:01:32
that, 17th century, we have two main political systems, absolutism, that is the most spread
00:01:37
in Europe, and the other one is parliamentarism.
00:01:44
So we are going to explain both, but you need to understand that the most frequent in Europe
00:01:48
in the 17th century and 18th century is absolutism.
00:01:52
we are going to find parliamentarism in England and the Netherlands, ok?
00:01:57
I will repeat it, absolutism, we are going to find absolutism in most of the monarchies
00:02:02
in Europe, except in England and the Netherlands, where we are going to find parliamentarism.
00:02:07
We are going to explain the characteristics of absolutism, and then we will explain the
00:02:14
characteristics of parliamentarism.
00:02:18
This point, this epigraph is really important for Portofesso, ok?
00:02:21
The first unit of Forth of Pessoa is based on these two concepts, absolutism and parliamentarism.
00:02:27
So if you understand this concept now, you are going to understand it in Forth of Pessoa.
00:02:33
And these two systems are going to be crucial in order to understand not only the 17th century,
00:02:40
but the 18th century and 19th century.
00:02:47
So let's begin with absolutism.
00:02:52
first point 3.1 is called France or is titled France and absolutism because
00:02:55
absolutism is is going to appear in France okay France is going to be the
00:03:01
paradigm France is going to be the example the example for the rest of the
00:03:06
monarchs in Europe in order to establish an absolute monarchy okay so absolutism
00:03:11
is going to appear in Europe in France France and and France is going to be the
00:03:17
example okay so France was the main example of an absolute monarchy under the king Louis XIV
00:03:22
okay Louis XIV so here is Louis XIV as you can see okay he is wearing heels because in this moment
00:03:28
to wear heels means that you can ride a horse and if you can ride a horse is because you are
00:03:37
powerful because you have money second you can see that he is going to have here the crown
00:03:44
okay he is going to hold this stick that shows that he commands the army and the
00:03:49
sword okay also you have all the symbols of the French royal family
00:03:56
okay this flower the Lis flower and you are going to find this red color that is
00:04:06
related with monarchy and also with money to be rich okay so this is the
00:04:12
image of an absolute monarch okay an absolute monarch showing I'm rich I have
00:04:19
the power I am the king I ride horses okay and I'm going to show everyone in
00:04:26
Europe that I'm the most important monarch in Europe okay the most
00:04:32
powerful one so the idea is absolute regime means that the king is going to
00:04:37
have all the power okay and France in France what we have is
00:04:42
Luis XIV that he is going to be an example of an absolute monarch
00:04:46
So let's see which are the characteristics of this absolute monarchy
00:04:53
The first thing is that the monarch held unrestricted power, it means the power is unlimited
00:04:57
Unrestricted means with no restriction, it means with no limit
00:05:03
So the monarch held in this type of monarchy, in an absolute monarchy, an unrestricted power
00:05:08
it means an unlimited power so that's the first characteristic if you are an absolute
00:05:15
monarch means that you have all the power ok so he is going to have the three main powers
00:05:19
ok in politics we talk about three powers executive legislative and judiciary what does
00:05:26
it mean each of this power executive means to make the decisions for example nowadays
00:05:34
the executive powers is in hands of the government okay legislative power means to to write the laws
00:05:41
who is writing the laws nowadays the parliament in spain remember we are going to talk about
00:05:49
parliamentarism so i'm giving you some tips about what is parliamentarism finally judiciary it means
00:05:56
the power to judge other people that they are not following the laws or they are not follow
00:06:03
the decisions of the executive power it means the monarch is going to create the law
00:06:12
is going to make the decision and is going to judge the people okay it means the monarch is
00:06:19
going to have all the power the executive legislative and judiciary okay in spanish
00:06:26
el monarca tiene todo el poder vale y en política se habla de tres poderes poder ejecutivo tomar
00:06:33
decisiones es lo que hace el gobierno poder legislativo escribir las leyes quien escribe
00:06:40
las leyes el parlamento vale poder judicial quiere decir juzgar juzgar si se cumple la ley o no si
00:06:47
sigues las decisiones del poder ejecutivo. Pues muy bien, si en España hoy en día está dividido,
00:06:55
hay una separation of powers, los poderes están separados, ¿vale? Es decir, el ejecutivo lo tiene
00:07:02
el gobierno, el legislativo el parlamento, y el judicial lo tiene los jueces independientes.
00:07:07
In this moment, in an absolute monarch, in a monarquía absoluta, el poder ejecutivo,
00:07:14
el legislativo y el judicial están en manos del rey. Por tanto, el rey tiene todo el poder.
00:07:19
understood it means the absolute monarchy means that the king has all the power okay is unlimited
00:07:24
so it means that the king is going to have the executive power it means the power to make the
00:07:33
decisions for example declare a war is going to have the legislative power it means to write the
00:07:38
laws to establish what is right and what is wrong and finally the judiciary power it means that the
00:07:45
power is that he has the power in order to judge anyone in order to see if someone is
00:07:52
following or not the law or if is following the decisions of the executive power so it
00:07:59
means absolutism we have France as an example with Luis XIV means that the monarch has an
00:08:11
unrestricted power it means all the power is in hands of the monarch second
00:08:18
the king is going to have a large court of advisors who lived with him so the
00:08:24
court la corte is going to be huge you are going to find a lot of people there
00:08:30
okay and they are going to advise okay they are going to advise the monarch
00:08:34
okay they they are going to advise the monarch that and they are going to live
00:08:41
with the monarch but remember they are going to give advice to the monarch they
00:08:47
are not going to make the decision so these people in the court advise the
00:08:50
monarch but the monarch is the one that is making the decisions because he has
00:08:54
executive power okay this is Luis XIV with the court you see
00:08:59
clergy you see nobles okay so it means the people that is privileged the people
00:09:06
that they have money and they are going to advise the king third he the king is going to develop
00:09:12
the bureaucracy by increasing the number of officials it means he is going to make a stronger
00:09:21
bureaucracy it means he's going to create more civil servant spots he is going to create more
00:09:28
institutions for example three different levels official acting and this his orders it means the
00:09:33
king he's going to tell these people what to do for example secretary of state the police
00:09:40
the judges remember the king has the judiciary power so he can judge he is the one that can
00:09:46
judge the other so he's going to tell the judges what to do okay he's going to control the police
00:09:53
and he's going to have secretaries of state what are secretaries of state secretaries of state
00:10:00
are ministries
00:10:08
ministros, vale?
00:10:10
is they have ministries
00:10:12
so secretaries of state are like ministries
00:10:13
police, magistrates
00:10:16
so all of them are going to be
00:10:18
officials, civil servants
00:10:20
under his orders
00:10:21
in the next level, in a lower level
00:10:23
we have the governors, the ministers
00:10:26
etc. that are going to
00:10:28
act under the orders
00:10:30
of the prime minister
00:10:32
it means they are going to
00:10:33
under this prime minister elected by the king for example nowadays in spain the monarch is
00:10:36
felipe sexto the prime minister is pedro sanchez so imagine this division so in this moment there
00:10:44
is a similar division but the power of the monarch is unlimited so the idea is the monarch
00:10:52
is going to elect a prime minister and this prime minister is going to make decisions and control
00:10:59
governors ministers etc okay and finally we have administrative officials those that they are going
00:11:04
to work in the different institutions and they are going to come from the bourgeoisie okay middle
00:11:13
class people with money okay middle class so what we have is we are going to make or create a
00:11:20
stronger bureaucracy it means to have people under control of the king in order to carry out
00:11:28
His policy, su politica, could be secretaries of state, that they are like ministers, police, judges, etc.
00:11:34
Then, in the lower level, we are going to find the prime minister controlling governors, ministers, etc.
00:11:43
These ministers are not the same as the ministerios actualmente, ok?
00:11:50
and finally the administrative officials for example people that works a I don't
00:11:55
know a collecting taxes for example so that would be administrative officials
00:12:03
okay and they came from the bourgeoisie okay so these are the first three
00:12:07
characteristics we have more the fourth one is he is going to expand a diplomatic
00:12:14
it means he needs ambassadors in order to represent the monarchy in the different countries
00:12:19
also he is going to have a professional army
00:12:28
people that they have trained in order to be the army of the king
00:12:33
so it means we are going to have in the foreign policy the diplomatic corps
00:12:39
It means to have people in different countries in order to represent the country.
00:12:44
For example, France, to have ambassadors in Spain, in England, etc.
00:12:49
And also, he had a professional army.
00:12:55
He had a professional army in order to fight in wars, etc.
00:12:58
It means Luis XIV is going to have a professional army in case he starts a war.
00:13:02
Okay?
00:13:08
So that would be the idea.
00:13:09
What else?
00:13:13
he is going to intervene in the economy remember we have talked about this already in uh in the
00:13:13
last video okay in two videos ago okay we were talking about this economy this mercantile economy
00:13:19
okay this economy that is going to be organized and planned by the king so the idea is the king
00:13:26
is going to create these workshops is going to create a royal industries royal factories or is
00:13:33
going to create a royal trading companies okay and he the king is going to plan the economic
00:13:41
production is going to say okay we need to produce this we need to produce this or we are going to
00:13:49
sell this or etc so it means the king is going to intervene in the economy creating royal companies
00:13:54
okay royal factories and planning the economic production and one of the most important ones
00:14:02
characteristics is this the power of the king is going to be based on divine right it means the
00:14:11
king is going to say i am the king because i have been chosen by god
00:14:17
so that means that the power of the king was based on a divine right it means that the power
00:14:23
of the king came from god okay he is explaining he is saying to the population okay you must
00:14:45
follow my orders i am going to have all the power because god has chosen me as the king okay
00:14:52
and finally of course related with this okay the church is going to support the king is going to
00:15:02
support absolutism why because absolutism is strongly related with the division of the society
00:15:10
in privileged and unprivileged people and of course if we have a society divided in privileged
00:15:18
and unprivileged people who is getting benefits from it the nobility and the clergy because both
00:15:24
are the social classes that they have the privilege the privileges along with the king
00:15:32
so that's why the church is going to support this idea the idea of absolutism it means the
00:15:38
monarch having all the power holding all the power and the monarch to have his power based
00:15:45
on a divine right okay so absolute monarchy means that the power of the king the king is going to
00:15:52
have all the power he is going to have a court of people advising him but he is going to make
00:16:00
the decisions he is going to create this diplomatic corp in order to represent the kingdom in the in
00:16:08
other countries he is going to have a professional army in case he needs to fight to other people to
00:16:17
other countries he's going to intervene in economy in order to in order to foster and develop the
00:16:22
economy of the country he is going to have his power is going to came from god and the church
00:16:29
is going to support this idea the idea of divine right and power of the king came from god and the
00:16:35
idea of absolutism the king with all the power why because the king is going to maintain okay
00:16:41
the the social classes based on privileges so it means the church is going to have all the
00:16:49
privileges along with the nobility okay finally remember he is going to create a strong bureaucracy
00:16:56
It means he is going to have a lot of civil servants helping him in order to collect taxes,
00:17:04
in order to govern the country, in order to carry out a war, etc.
00:17:11
So this is absolute monarchy and this is crucial, you need to understand that in the 17th century
00:17:20
this is the basic political system, absolute monarchy.
00:17:26
The other option is parliamentarism.
00:17:32
So the idea is, absolutism was considered by some thinkers to be the best possible political
00:17:36
system.
00:17:41
So there are going to be thinkers writing books saying, yes, yes, absolutism is the
00:17:42
best political system, the king must have all the power, and also this power came from
00:17:47
God.
00:17:53
So that's what they are going to say.
00:17:55
As a result, as these thinkers are going to spread these ideas using different books,
00:17:58
remember the printing press that made easier to publish books, these thinkers are going
00:18:03
to spread this idea of absolutism as the best possible political system.
00:18:13
So absolutism was spread to the majority of the European states.
00:18:20
for these two states England and the Netherlands because in England and the
00:18:24
Netherlands we are going to have parliamentarism and we are going to see
00:18:30
now what is parliamentarism okay so these are the two countries with no
00:18:33
absolutism the rest of the countries in Europe they are going to develop
00:18:40
absolutism it means the king has all the power so let's see what is
00:18:43
parlamentarismo a political system ok based on a chamber of representatives una cámara de
00:18:49
representantes qué quiere decir el parlamento hoy en día es eso una cámara un espacio una habitación
00:18:56
donde están los representantes políticos porque los llamamos representantes porque representan
00:19:03
a la población que los ha elegido vale y ese es el concepto que aparece ahora en el siglo 17 la
00:19:11
La idea de parlamentarismo, the idea of having a parliament, a chamber of representatives,
00:19:19
voted, okay, people voted, okay, to limit the power of the king.
00:19:25
It means parliamentarism is a political system based on limiting, controlling the power of the king.
00:19:30
Who is going to control the power of the king?
00:19:38
A chamber of representatives, it means a parliament.
00:19:40
Who has elected this parliament?
00:19:44
Nobility and bourgeoisie, okay?
00:19:46
and clergy it means privileged people and rich people bourgeoisie so this system is going to
00:19:49
be based on a separation of powers vamos a ver if we have seen absolutism you have we have talked
00:19:54
about three different powers executive legislative and judiciary power and these powers were in hands
00:20:03
of one only one person the king but parliamentarism that means limit the power limiting the power of
00:20:11
king it means to let the king has power but not that much means that they want to split to divide
00:20:18
to separate these three powers to separate the executive power the legislative power and the
00:20:25
judiciary power nowadays in spain we have nowadays hoy en 2020 tenemos un sistema de separación de
00:20:31
poderes el ejecutivo en manos del gobierno legislativo en manos del parlamento judicial
00:20:39
So, this idea of separation of power is the one that is going to appear in England and
00:20:44
the Netherlands in the 17th century, ok?
00:20:51
So in the 17th century is going to appear this idea of parliamentarism, ok?
00:20:56
That means we need to limit the power of the king.
00:21:01
How?
00:21:03
Having a parliament, it means having a chamber of representatives that is going to be voted
00:21:04
by who?
00:21:10
by the nobility, clergy and bourgeoisie, the rich people.
00:21:12
How they are going to organize the three powers, executive, legislative and judiciary?
00:21:18
They are going to separate them, judiciary for the judges, legislative for the parliament
00:21:22
and executive for the king, so the king is not going to have anymore the legislative
00:21:30
and the judiciary power.
00:21:36
But the thing is, in England and the Netherlands, it's not going to be easy to establish a parliament, establish parliamentarism instead of absolutism.
00:21:38
¿Qué quiere decir? Mirad, los monarcas en el siglo XVII quieren ser monarcas absolutos, es decir, tener todo el poder para ellos, ¿vale?
00:21:48
¿Qué es lo que va a ocurrir ahora? Que en el siglo XVII hay ciertos países, como Inglaterra y los Países Bajos, Holanda, donde dicen que no, que el poder del reino puede ser absoluto, que tiene que ser limitado.
00:21:57
And there will be a war, there will be a confrontation between the king who wants to be an absolute monarch, as it is in France, Louis XIV, and those members of the parliament, of that chamber of representatives, of that chamber of representatives, who say no.
00:22:07
So let's see.
00:22:23
Let's see the case of England.
00:22:25
How in England, how in the UK, how in Great Britain they are going to establish this parliamentary system.
00:22:27
okay first parliamentary system or parliamentarism was established first in great great time in 17th
00:22:32
century in the 17th century it means in this 17th century in england we are not going to have
00:22:40
absolutism we are going to have parliamentarism how they are going to establish a parliamentary
00:22:45
system instead of an absolute monarchy we are going to see it right now it means in england
00:22:52
there is going to be a war between those that they support the idea of a parliament controlling
00:22:58
the power of the king and another side supporting the king and the king to have an absolute power
00:23:04
okay so let's begin this is the evolution of the process first in the early 17th century in
00:23:12
great britain we have a parliament a parliament existed but it was an institution that represented
00:23:18
the kingdom, the nobility, the clergy and the bourgeoisie, so it means this institution
00:23:25
the parliament came from the middle ages and is an institution where the nobility, the
00:23:31
clergy and the bourgeoisie are going to be represented, in Spain we call this parliament
00:23:37
courts in france we call this parliament sorry i forgot the name in france
00:23:44
estados generales ok that's the name general states vale la idea es que hay una institución
00:23:53
que viene de la edad media y que se llama parlamento en gran bretaña que se llama
00:24:02
cortes en españa en castilla y en dragón y que se llama en francia estados generales
00:24:07
In these three institutions, se representaba a la nobleza, al clero y a la burguesía.
00:24:14
It's to say, the most important people in the kingdom.
00:24:19
The people with money, the people with privileges, and the people that control the cities.
00:24:23
So, in the early 17th century, we have a king, of course, and we have a parliament in Great Britain.
00:24:28
What is the problem?
00:24:33
That the parliament does not accept the king to have an absolute power.
00:24:35
So, there is going to be a war between the people supporting the parliament,
00:24:39
And the people supporting the king
00:24:43
This is the parliament
00:24:46
This is the parliament in Great Britain
00:24:49
You see here the big bang
00:24:53
This is the parliament
00:24:54
This parliament, what is the goal or the task
00:24:56
The task of this parliament
00:25:02
To approve new taxes and war declarations
00:25:03
It means the king in Great Britain could say
00:25:06
I want to declare war on Spain
00:25:08
but the parliament could say no we do not accept that so there is no war against spain okay so the
00:25:11
parliament has power and is limited already the power of the king why because this parliament is
00:25:19
the one that is going to approve the new taxes and is going to approve the war declarations
00:25:25
that is, the powers of the parliament were mainly that if you wanted more money the king had to approve the parliament
00:25:33
and that if you wanted to declare war the parliament also had to approve it
00:25:39
so this is the parliament nowadays in Great Britain
00:25:43
exactly the same place as in the 17th century
00:25:47
so the idea is this parliament is going to be divided into two chambers, two chambers
00:25:51
the houses of lords where is going to be the higher nobility and clergy
00:25:58
And the houses of commons formed by the bourgeoisie.
00:26:04
Remember when we were talking about the society in the last video, that when we talk about
00:26:09
the bourgeoisie in Great Britain and also in the Netherlands, this bourgeoisie is going
00:26:13
to start reaching power.
00:26:19
Why?
00:26:21
Because of this parliament.
00:26:22
Because they are rich.
00:26:24
So the idea is, in the early 17th century, in Great Britain we find two main institutions.
00:26:27
The king with almost all the power and the parliament, this parliament is a chamber of
00:26:33
representatives formed by nobility, clergy and bourgeoisie.
00:26:39
This parliament is divided in the houses of lords where we are going to find the higher
00:26:44
nobility and the houses of commons where we are going to find the bourgeoisie.
00:26:48
So the idea is this parliament is going to have two main powers, to approve new taxes
00:26:54
It means the king cannot have more money or cannot approve taxes without the parliament approval and also the parliament is going to approve the war declarations.
00:26:59
So the parliament has a lot of power.
00:27:11
The problem is in the 17th century this English king Charles I, Carlos I, wanted to be an absolute monarch and started to govern without the support of the parliament.
00:27:14
It means, imagine Charles I, he was ruling Great Britain and he said, I want new taxes.
00:27:25
And imagine the advisor saying, okay, my lord, Charles, my king, you need to ask the parliament to approve the new taxes.
00:27:31
And Charles I is going to say, why?
00:27:39
Louis XIV in France is not asking the general states, all the status generales.
00:27:42
So I'm going to do the same.
00:27:48
I am not going to summon, I'm not going to convocar, I'm not going to summon the chamber of representatives.
00:27:49
I'm not going to summon the Parliament in order to approve the new taxes.
00:27:55
So Charles I is going to start reign without the Parliament, so as an absolute monarch.
00:28:00
What is going to say the people of the Parliament?
00:28:05
No my friend, no Charles, you cannot be an absolute monarch in Great Britain, you cannot
00:28:08
be an absolute monarch in England.
00:28:14
So what we are going to see is that a civil war is going to break out between these six
00:28:22
years, ok?
00:28:26
So in these six years, from 1642 till 1648, the king and the parliament supporters are
00:28:28
going to fight.
00:28:34
So what we have is this, 1642, ok?
00:28:36
So this region in green is controlled by the parliament supporters and the purple regions
00:28:41
are controlled by the royalist supporters the supporters of the king as you can see during the
00:28:51
1643 okay they are going to be more or less equal the king the royalist has conquered some
00:28:58
territories but they have some they have lost some other territories but by 1644 and 1645
00:29:04
the royalists the people that support charge the first were defeated okay so the idea is the
00:29:11
The supporters of the parliament, of the parliament limiting the power of the king, are going
00:29:18
to defeat those that they supported the idea of a king with absolute powers.
00:29:23
So what is going to happen?
00:29:32
The parliament supporters won the war, so the king was executed, and England became
00:29:34
a republic.
00:29:39
So that's the idea.
00:29:41
You see the evolution of the war, you see how in the end the supporters of the parliament
00:29:42
has won the war ok and Carlos I Charles I is going to be executed beheaded so they are
00:29:48
going to cut off his head ok so the idea is Carlos I Charles I is going to be executed
00:29:56
why because the parliament has defeated the king because the parliament is going to establish
00:30:05
is now a republic, ok? No king, and we are going to establish the rule of the parliament.
00:30:10
Who is going to lead this republic? It's going to be led by Oliver Cromwell, this person here,
00:30:19
this man here, that is going to become a dictator.
00:30:25
Es decir, Oliver Cromwell se convierte en dictador, por tanto, no tiene en rey, pero casi,
00:30:30
porque se convierte este en un dictador, es decir, una persona con todo el poder otra vez.
00:30:34
So what is going to happen after Cromwell died?
00:30:38
The monarchy was reinstated in England in 1660.
00:30:54
So from 1648 till 1660, 12 years, what we are going to have in England is a republic
00:30:58
governed by Oliver Cromwell.
00:31:05
But in 1660 there is going to be reinstated the monarchy, they do not want a republic
00:31:08
because the experience wasn't good, it was a bad experience because Oliver Cromwell turned
00:31:14
into a dictator and he governed the republic alone, so what we are going to see is that
00:31:20
the monarchy was reinstated in England in 1660, but this monarchy that is going to be
00:31:26
reinstated means a monarch with a limited power it means not an absolute
00:31:34
monarch what they are going to have is a monarch controlled by the Parliament
00:31:40
with a power limited by the Parliament okay so the idea is Cromwell is going
00:31:45
to be dead Cromwell is going to die so he is going to be the Republic is going
00:31:53
to end and they are going to establish okay they are going to establish a
00:31:59
monarchy they are going to reinstate a monarchy okay but this monarchy is going
00:32:03
to not is not going to be an absolute monarchy is going to be a monarchy
00:32:08
controlled by the Parliament what is the problem the son of this King that
00:32:13
accepted this that accepted a to to have up a limited power is going to is going
00:32:20
to try to be an absolute monarch again
00:32:31
is decir el el rey que restaurado en
00:32:34
1660 la monarquía restaurado en 1660
00:32:37
vale
00:32:40
con jacobo primero vale la idea es que
00:32:40
va a establecer una monarquía limitada
00:32:45
por el parlamento que ocurre su hijo
00:32:47
james the second is going to try to
00:32:48
reinstate catholicism remember they are
00:32:51
anglicans okay we have seen this in the
00:32:54
in the other unit okay in the in the
00:32:57
in the united kingdom in great britain in england they are anglicans they are not catholics so james
00:33:00
ii wants it wanted to reinstate catholicism and also to be an absolute monarchy an absolute
00:33:06
monarch sorry so as a result there are there is going to be another uprising another revolt
00:33:13
and they are going to carry out the glorious revolution in 1680 and this glorious revolution
00:33:18
is going to end with this attempt of establishing an absolute monarchy vale es decir la revolución
00:33:25
gloriosa de 1680 acaba con el exilio de jacobo segundo de james the second okay and establishing
00:33:34
a new monarchy okay controlled by the parliament es decir la idea es una lucha entre aquellos que
00:33:43
apoyan la idea de un parlamento controlando el poder del monarca y aquellos que apoyan la idea
00:33:49
de un monarca absoluto vale hay una guerra civil carlos primero es derrotado y es ejecutado se
00:33:54
establece una república pero cae en manos de un hombre oliver cromwell que va a ser un dictador
00:34:00
muerto cromwell se acaba con la república se establece la monarquía que ocurre el monarca
00:34:04
acepta que efectivamente su poder se ha limitado por el parlamento no hay problema el problema
00:34:09
vendrá cuando su hijo jacobo segundo james the second quiera establecer una monarquía absoluta
00:34:14
y establecer, restablecer el catolicismo en Inglaterra, no mantener el anglicanismo, que ocurre de nuevo revolución a favor del parlamento y triunfo de los que apoyan al parlamento, so this glorious revolution is going to succeed, is going to limit the power of the king, and they are going to establish, well this is James II, and they are going to establish a new king,
00:34:19
This king, he is William III, Guillermo III, and he is from the Netherlands.
00:34:47
He's a Dutch Protestant.
00:34:55
So the revolution succeeded and the king went into exile.
00:34:57
It means James II went into exile.
00:35:00
James II was replaced by a king, William III, that is going to accept that the parliament is going to limit his power.
00:35:02
The idea is that Guillermo III accepts the control of the parliament over his power.
00:35:10
so he accepted to be controlled by the parliament and to have limited powers in order to do that he
00:35:14
is going to sign a document called bill of rights que quiere decir algo así como una constitución
00:35:21
no es exactamente una constitución pero es parecido un documento en el que se compromete
00:35:27
a que el parlamento le controla su poder vale here is wilhelm the third he is dutch he is from
00:35:33
the Netherlands okay so the idea is the revolution succeed and the king went into exile okay James
00:35:40
the second is going to go into exile and he is going to be replaced by William the third
00:35:46
William the third is going to accept the parliament to limit his power and he is going to sign this
00:35:50
bill of rights what is going to establish the bill of rights first parliamentary monarchy it means
00:35:55
the monarch is controlled or limited his power by a parliament what we have nowadays in Spain
00:36:01
In hoy en día en España, what we have is a parliamentary monarchy, una monarquía parlamentaria.
00:36:08
We have a king, but the king has not the power.
00:36:14
The power is in the hands of the parliament.
00:36:16
And second, they are going to establish a voting system, but in this case, only the
00:36:19
nobility and the rich bourgeoisie and the clergy are going to vote.
00:36:24
Okay?
00:36:28
So, it's a system that is going to benefit the nobility, the clergy, and the bourgeoisie,
00:36:29
and they are going to control the monarch.
00:36:34
So there is no absolute monarchy, okay, and that's it. Okay over they are going to establish is true the freedom of press
00:36:36
Okay, but that's it. Okay, the freedom of press means that they can publish anything they want. Okay, the king or
00:36:43
Nor other powers can control what is published. Okay
00:36:52
So this is it. We have seen the two main political systems. The absolute monarchy means the king has all the power
00:36:57
and the parliament, the parliamentary monarchy or to have a parliamentarism.
00:37:03
Parliamentarism means there is a parliament that is a chamber of representatives, una
00:37:10
camera de representantes, that is made of the nobles, composed by nobility, clergy and
00:37:14
bourgeoisie, high bourgeoisie, the people with money, ok?
00:37:21
So rich bourgeoisie, nobility and clergy.
00:37:25
This parliament is going to control the power of the monarch, ok?
00:37:29
So in the Netherlands, remember William III came from the Netherlands, and in England
00:37:33
the power of the king is going to be limited by the parliament, and this system is going
00:37:39
to be called parliamentarism or parliamentary monarchy.
00:37:45
Also in order to elect this parliament there is going to be a voting system, but not everyone
00:37:49
is going to be able to vote or has the right to vote only the nobility the clergy and the rich
00:37:55
bourgeoisie finally they are going to establish the freedom of press it means that they can decide
00:38:02
they can publish anything they want no one can say no you cannot publish that okay so it means
00:38:09
and in order to make this legal they force william the third the new king to sign this
00:38:17
Bill of Rights that is like a constitution.
00:38:24
So in the next video we will study the 30 years rule.
00:38:34
- Autor/es:
- Rubén Peinado González
- Subido por:
- Ruben P.
- Licencia:
- Dominio público
- Visualizaciones:
- 75
- Fecha:
- 13 de abril de 2020 - 22:55
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES ANTARES
- Duración:
- 38′ 39″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1280x720 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 187.82 MBytes